User:Frrurtu/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
The following slots are allowed for affixes on the verb. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! Verb Slot | |||
! Allowable Inputs | |||
|- | |||
! Mood | |||
| ''fa-'' (polite imperative)<br>''nang-'' (subjunctive)<br>''kan-'' (conditional)<br>''khaa-'' (imperative) | |||
|- | |||
! Tense | |||
| ''-bu-/-bo-/-du-/-do-/-ju-/-jo-'' (past)<br>''-mi-/-me-/-ni-/-ne-/-nyi-/-nye-'' (future) | |||
|- | |||
! Verb Root | |||
| any verb | |||
|- | |||
! Auxiliary Verb | |||
| ''-(k)àng'' ("to be able to")<br>''-(à)kà'' ("to need to")<br>''-(d)èng'' ("to want to")<br>''-(g)ùng'' ("to force to")<br>and others | |||
|} | |||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns can take the following cases: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! Case | |||
! Suffix | |||
|- | |||
| nominative | |||
| (none) | |||
|- | |||
| accusative | |||
| ''-(g)e'' (singular)<br>''-(d)i'' (plural) | |||
|- | |||
| dative | |||
| ''-(ty)â'' | |||
|- | |||
| ablative | |||
| ''-(d)a'' | |||
|- | |||
| locative | |||
| ''-(l)î'' | |||
|- | |||
| comitative | |||
| ''-(aa)daa'' | |||
|- | |||
| instrumental | |||
| ''-(w)ǎm'' | |||
|- | |||
| vocative | |||
| ''-(a)saa'' | |||
|} | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
=== | ===Independent particles=== | ||
The following particles can be used to express aspect and politeness; the default is imperfective. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! Aspect | |||
! Particle | |||
|- | |||
| Perfective | |||
| ''nam'' | |||
|- | |||
| Polite perfective | |||
| ''nyem'' | |||
|- | |||
| Habitual | |||
| ''shu'' | |||
|- | |||
| Polite habitual | |||
| ''tya'' | |||
|} | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
Revision as of 21:11, 12 February 2017
| Gaju | |
|---|---|
| Gaju | |
| Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|'gäɟu]] |
| Created by | – |
| Setting | Rttirria |
| Native to | Rtuha, Uya, eastern Tyami, eastern Manamuki |
Rttirrian
| |
Gaju (English: /'gɑːd͡ʒuː/, Gaju: ['gäɟu], Rttirri: [ˈkɑcu]) is a minority language in Rttirria, spoken by the Gaju people in the eastern part of the country. It is a member of the Rttirrian language family, descended from the Proto-South-Rttirrian langauge that is also the ancestor of modern Rttirri, the nation's official language.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | |||||
| Plosive | |||||
| Fricative | |||||
| Affricate | |||||
| Approximant |
In addition, the following consonants are allowed in loanwords:
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i /i/ | u /u/ | |
| Near-high | ii /ɪ/ | ||
| Mid | e /e/ | uu /ə/ | o /o/ |
| Near-low | ee /ɛ/ | aa /ɔ/ | |
| Low | a /ä/ |
Tones
Grammar
Gaju morphology is significantly more analytic than that of Rttirri.
Verbs
The following slots are allowed for affixes on the verb.
| Verb Slot | Allowable Inputs |
|---|---|
| Mood | fa- (polite imperative) nang- (subjunctive) kan- (conditional) khaa- (imperative) |
| Tense | -bu-/-bo-/-du-/-do-/-ju-/-jo- (past) -mi-/-me-/-ni-/-ne-/-nyi-/-nye- (future) |
| Verb Root | any verb |
| Auxiliary Verb | -(k)àng ("to be able to") -(à)kà ("to need to") -(d)èng ("to want to") -(g)ùng ("to force to") and others |
Nouns
Nouns can take the following cases:
| Case | Suffix |
|---|---|
| nominative | (none) |
| accusative | -(g)e (singular) -(d)i (plural) |
| dative | -(ty)â |
| ablative | -(d)a |
| locative | -(l)î |
| comitative | -(aa)daa |
| instrumental | -(w)ǎm |
| vocative | -(a)saa |
Pronouns
Independent particles
The following particles can be used to express aspect and politeness; the default is imperfective.
| Aspect | Particle |
|---|---|
| Perfective | nam |
| Polite perfective | nyem |
| Habitual | shu |
| Polite habitual | tya |