User:Frrurtu/Sandbox2: Difference between revisions
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| ''*af-'' | | ''*af-'' | ||
| ''*sam-'' | | ''*sam-'' | ||
| ''* | | ''*kha-'' | ||
| ''*khem-'' | | ''*khem-'' | ||
| ''*narda-'' | | ''*narda-'' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Future | !Future | ||
| ''* | | ''*ne-'' | ||
| ''*mi-'' | | ''*mi-'' | ||
| ''* | | ''*ke-'' | ||
| ''*mi-'' | | ''*mi-'' | ||
| ''*khe-'' | | ''*khe-'' | ||
| Line 155: | Line 155: | ||
| ''*âk-'' | | ''*âk-'' | ||
| ''*âm-'' | | ''*âm-'' | ||
| ''* | | ''*ekh-'' | ||
| ''*âm-'' | | ''*âm-'' | ||
| ''*ânârd-'' | | ''*ânârd-'' | ||
Revision as of 21:10, 24 February 2017
Phonology
Consonants
Proto-North-Rttirrian possessed the following consonants:
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Retroflex | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | *m /m/ | *n /n/ | *rn /ɳ/ | |||
| Plosive | *p /p/ *b /b/ |
*t /t/ *d /d/ |
*k /k/ *g /g/ |
*rt /ʈ/ *rd /ɖ/ | ||
| Fricative | *f /ɸ/ *v /β/ |
*s /s/ *z /z/ |
*sh /ʃ/ *zh /ʒ/ |
|||
| Approximant | *y /j/ | *rl /ɭ/ *rr /ɻ/ |
Vowels
The following vowels had evolved from the much simpler system of Proto-Rttirrian:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | *i /i/ | *u /u/ | |
| Mid-high | *e /e/ | *o /o/ | |
| Low-mid | *â /ɔ/ | ||
| Low | *a /ä/ |
Grammar
Proto-North-Rttirrian retained much of the inflectional complexity of Proto-Rttirrian. It no longer displayed the animacy system Proto-Rttirrian had, but it reanalyzed the inanimate third-person verb inflections as reflecting a different kind of verb, and innovated first-person and second-person verb inflections for this kind of verb as well. This new verb class, called Form II verbs by convention, represented a more mild meaning than Form I verbs. This represents a rudimentary form of what would grow into a complicated root-and-pattern inflectional system reminiscent of those of the Semitic languages.
Verbs
The following verb prefixes are reconstructed:
| Verb Form I | Verb Form II | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||||||
| Sing. | Pl. | Sing. | Pl. | Sing. | Pl. | Sing. | Pl. | Sing. | Pl. | Sing. | Pl. | |
| Past | *mo- | *mom- | *ap- | *am- | *bo- | *bom- | *mopa- | *mobam- | *apa- | *abam- | *papa- | *babam- |
| Present | *na- | *nam- | *af- | *sam- | *kha- | *khem- | *narda- | *nardam- | *arda- | *sardam- | *rdarda- | *rdardam- |
| Future | *ne- | *mi- | *ke- | *mi- | *khe- | *mi- | *nerdi- | *mirdi- | *kerdi- | *mirdi- | *rdirdi- | *mirdi- |
| Gerund/ Infinitive |
*ân- | *âm- | *âk- | *âm- | *ekh- | *âm- | *ânârd- | *âmâm- | *âkârd- | *âmâm- | *ârdârd- | *âmâm- |
Form II verb prefixes enacted some degree of ablaut on verbs:
- *Mo-viti gyo.
- 1SG.NOM.PST.Form_I-drag 3SG.ACC
- I dragged it.
- *Mopa-vata gyo.
- 1SG.NOM.PST.Form_II-drag 3SG.ACC
- I tugged on it.
- *Ân-kaba
- 1SG.GER.Form_I-stop
- that I stop abruptly
- *Ânârd-kâbâ
- 1SG.GER.Form_II-stop
- that I slow to a halt
Nouns
The following noun suffixes are reconstructed:
| Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Diminutive | Normal | Diminutive | |
| Nominative | — | *-a | *-ma | *-maz |
| Accusative (vestigial) |
*-i/*-y | *-ey/*-y | *-mi | *-mizh |
The following pronouns are reconstructed:
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | Pl. | Sing. | Pl. | Sing. | Pl. | |
| Nominative (emphatic) |
*naku | *napu | *atu | *saku | *âtu | *âku |
| Accusative | *ni | *mey | *ki | *ksey | *gyo | *goy |
| Possessive noun prefix |
*na- | *mi- | *ak- | *sa- | *â- | *e- |