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[[Xaetjeon/Lexicon]] | [[Xaetjeon/Lexicon]] | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' / | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' /ˈɮɛtʃən/ ({{PAGENAME}}: ''baeyghnae Aetjeon'' /ˈpɛjɣnɛ ˈɛtʃʰən/) is a [[Naquic languages|Naquic language]] inspired by Praimhín's [[Rencadian]]. It is a modern descendant of [[Naquian]]. | ||
Main sources of loanwords: | Main sources of loanwords: | ||
*Thensarian | *Thensarian | ||
* | *Tigall | ||
*Nurian | *Nurian | ||
*Kagasa | |||
*Some from Naquian | *Some from Naquian | ||
Numbers 1-12: | Numbers 1-12: baev, diho, natj-L, tqov, dzaweo, bael-L, oth, loseoth, bas-L, gaeyo, dav, dadheo-L (multiples of 3 lenite the following noun!) | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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!rowspan="2"|Stop | !rowspan="2"|Stop | ||
!<small>tenuis</small> | !<small>tenuis</small> | ||
| '''b''' /p/ || '''d''' /t/ || '''dz''' /ts/ || ''' | | '''b''' /p/ || '''d''' /t/ || '''dz''' /ts/ || '''dx''' /tɬ/ || '''dj''' /tʃ/ || '''g''' /k/|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>aspirated</small> | !<small>aspirated</small> | ||
| '''p''' /pʰ/ || '''t''' /tʰ/ || '''ts''' /tsʰ/ || ''' | | '''p''' /pʰ/ || '''t''' /tʰ/ || '''ts''' /tsʰ/ || '''tq''' /tɬʰ/ || '''tj''' /tʃʰ/ || '''c''' /kʰ/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"|Fricative | !rowspan="2"|Fricative | ||
!<small>voiceless</small> | !<small>voiceless</small> | ||
| '''f''' /f/ || '''th''' /θ/|| '''s''' /s/ || ''' | | '''f''' /f/ || '''th''' /θ/|| '''s''' /s/ || '''q''' /ɬ/|| '''sj''' /ʃ/ || '''ch''' /x/ || '''h''' /h/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>voiced</small> | !<small>voiced</small> | ||
| '''v''' /v/ || '''dh''' /ð/|| '''z''' /z/|| ''' | | '''v''' /v/ || '''dh''' /ð/|| '''z''' /z/|| '''x''' /ɮ/ || '''zj''' /ʒ/ || '''gh''' /ɣ/|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"| Approximant | !colspan="2"| Approximant | ||
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;Notes | ;Notes | ||
*In casual speech, the unaspirated stops and affricates /p t ts tɬ tʃ k/ are voiced intervocalically to [b d dz dɮ dʒ ɡ]. | *In casual speech, the unaspirated stops and affricates /p t ts tɬ tʃ k/ are voiced intervocalically to [b d dz dɮ dʒ ɡ]. | ||
*Depending on speaker, /l/ may be slightly retracted [l̠] or slightly velarized [lˠ]. Since {{PAGENAME}} has no rhotic consonant, foreign /r/ or / | *Depending on speaker, /l/ may be slightly retracted [l̠] or slightly velarized [lˠ]. Since {{PAGENAME}} has no rhotic consonant, foreign /r/ or /ɺ˞/ is borrowed as /l/. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Close | ! style="" |Close | ||
| '''i''' / | | '''i''' /ɪ/ | ||
| ''' | | '''eu''' /ɨ/ | ||
| '''u''' / | | '''u''' /ʊ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Mid | ! style="" |Mid | ||
| ''' | | '''ae''' /ɛ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''o''' / | | '''o''' /ɔ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Open | ! style="" |Open | ||
| ''' | | '''a''' /æ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| ''' | | '''eo''' /ɑ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
;Notes | ;Notes | ||
*/ɨ/ is near-close central [ɨ̞]. | */ɨ/ is near-close central [ɨ̞]. | ||
*/ | */ə/ may be pronounced [ɤ] by some speakers. | ||
===Mutations=== | ===Mutations=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Normal | ! Normal | ||
|| p || t || ts || s || | || p || t || ts || s || tq || q || tj || sj || c || b || d || dz || z || dx || x || dj || zj || g | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Lenited | ! Lenited | ||
|| f || th || s || h || | || f || th || s || h || q || h || sj || h || ch || v || dh || z || 0 || x || 0 || zj || 0 || gh | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
In native words stress is on the first syllable, not counting prefixes. | In native words stress is on the first syllable, not counting prefixes. In loans, stress falls on the same syllable as in the source language. | ||
====Intonation==== | ====Intonation==== | ||
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Xaetjeon nouns could be said to have two cases, nominative and vocative. The vocative is formed by leniting the definite form of the noun. | Xaetjeon nouns could be said to have two cases, nominative and vocative. The vocative is formed by leniting the definite form of the noun. | ||
''- | ''-meo, -nae, -neu'' < ''ixmi, hinē, hinuoz'' | ||
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;" | {| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="5"| ''''' | ! colspan="5"| '''''ba'' - person''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"| | !rowspan="2"| | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
|| '' | || ''ba'' || ''bameo'' || ''banae'' || ''baneu'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
|| ''-'' || ''-'' || '' | || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''vanae'' || ''vaneu'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Adjectives do not take affixes. However, adjectives modifying indefinite feminine nouns (i.e. nouns that ended in a vowel in Naquian) undergo lenition. | Adjectives do not take affixes. However, adjectives modifying indefinite feminine nouns (i.e. nouns that ended in a vowel in Naquian) undergo lenition. | ||
:''''' | :'''''ba seowan''''' | ||
:''a | :''a small person'' | ||
:'''''miv | :'''''miv heowan''''' | ||
:''a small house'' | :''a small house'' | ||
However, the suffixes ''- | However, the suffixes ''-nae'' and ''-meo'' always lenite the following noun: | ||
:''''' | :'''''banae heowan''''' | ||
:''the | :''the small person'' | ||
Predicative adjectives precede the subject, while attributive adjectives follow it. | Predicative adjectives precede the subject, while attributive adjectives follow it. | ||
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===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
===Prepositions and conjunctions=== | ===Prepositions and conjunctions=== | ||
*'' | *''tjeo-L'' = and | ||
*'' | *''meo-L'' = of | ||
*'' | *''deo-L'' = at | ||
*'' | *''yae-L'' = to | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|'' | |''neo-L, ni-L'' | ||
|'' | |''aw-L, mi-L'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|'' | |''veo-L, bi-L'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|'' | |''theo-L, ti-L'' | ||
|'' | |''zeo-L, dzi-L'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3 | !|3 | ||
|colspan="2"|'' | |colspan="2"|''weo-L, wi-L'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|''-( | |''-(eo)n'' | ||
|''- | |''-waegh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|''-( | |''-(eo)d'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|''-0, - | |''-0, -a, -ae, -o'' | ||
|''-( | |''-(eo)b'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3 | !|3 | ||
|''-( | |''-(eo)z'' | ||
|''-( | |''-(eo)x'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|''- | |''-nae'' | ||
|''- | |''-wae'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|''- | |''-ae'' | ||
|''-zo'' | |''-zo'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3 | !|3 | ||
|''- | |''-zae'' | ||
|''- | |''-xae'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
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!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|''cin'' | |''cin'' | ||
|'' | |''ciwaegh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
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!|3 | !|3 | ||
|''ciz'' | |''ciz'' | ||
|'' | |''cix'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
===Derivational morphology=== | ===Derivational morphology=== | ||
*''- | *''-azj'' (f): nominalizer | ||
==Phrasebook== | ==Phrasebook== | ||
*''Lon | *''Lon Xaetjva.'' = I am a Xaetjeon person. | ||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] |
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