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User:Nicolasstraccia/Mininorsk: Difference between revisions
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→The noun phrase
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A predicative adjective does not take the accusative case suffix even when the noun it modifies does: | A predicative adjective does not take the accusative case suffix even when the noun it modifies does: | ||
:''Ek steinu hit'' ''dyrrur'''ni''' ''rauðra'''ni''' (I painted the red door) | :''Ek steinu hit'' ''dyrrur'''ni''' ''rauðra'''ni''' (I painted the red door) | ||
:''Ek steinu hit'' ''dyrrur'''ni''' | :''Ek steinu hit'' ''dyrrur'''ni''' <b>rauðra</b> (I painted the door red). | ||
==Pronouns== | ==Pronouns== | ||
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===Personal pronouns=== | ===Personal pronouns=== | ||
{| class= | {| class="bluetable lighbluebg" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
! colspan=2 | !! singular !! plural | ! colspan=2 | !! singular !! plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
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The tenses have characteristic vowels: ''-a'' hints towards the present tense, ''-u'' towards the past, and ''-o'' towards the future. | The tenses have characteristic vowels: ''-a'' hints towards the present tense, ''-u'' towards the past, and ''-o'' towards the future. | ||
{| class= | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
! | ! | ||
!Indicative | !Indicative | ||
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The verbal forms may be illustrated with the root ''segj-'' (to say): | The verbal forms may be illustrated with the root ''segj-'' (to say): | ||
:''segja'' (to say) | :''segja'' (to say) | ||
:''segisa'' (says | :''segisa'' (says) | ||
:''segju'' (said | :''segju'' (said) | ||
:''segjo'' (shall say, will say) | :''segjo'' (shall say, will say) | ||
:''segje'' (say! speak!; a command) | :''segje'' (say! speak!; a command) | ||
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:''tveirfyri'' (twice) | :''tveirfyri'' (twice) | ||
The particle ''upp·á'' is used to mark distributive numbers, that is, the idea of distributing a certain number of items to each member of a group | The particle ''upp·á'' is used to mark distributive numbers, that is, the idea of distributing a certain number of items to each member of a group: | ||
:''Ek gefu hit þeir upp·á þrír eplirarni'' or '' | |||
:''Ek gefu hit þeir upp·á þrír eplirarni'' - or - ''Eplirarni ek gefu hit þeir upp·á þrír'' | |||
:I gave [to] them three apples each | |||
Note that particle ''upp·á'' forms a phrase with the numeral ''þrír'' and is not a preposition for the noun phrase ''þrír eplirarni'', so it does not prevent a grammatical object from taking the accusative case. | Note that particle ''upp·á'' forms a phrase with the numeral ''þrír'' and is not a preposition for the noun phrase ''þrír eplirarni'', so it does not prevent a grammatical object from taking the accusative case. | ||
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In prepositional phrases, the preposition is ''required'' to come at the front of the noun phrase (that is, even before the article ''hit''), though it is commonly replaced by turning the noun into an adverb: | In prepositional phrases, the preposition is ''required'' to come at the front of the noun phrase (that is, even before the article ''hit''), though it is commonly replaced by turning the noun into an adverb: | ||
:''Til hit loptur'' 'to the sky' or ''loptrini'' 'skywards', never '' | :''Til hit loptur'' 'to the sky' or ''loptrini'' 'skywards', never ''loptur til*'' | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
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|ant || emeita | |ant || emeita | ||
|- | |- | ||
|arm || | |arm || armrur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|hand || hǫndur | |hand || hǫndur | ||
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|breast || brjóst | |breast || brjóst | ||
|- | |- | ||
|to burn <br>(intransitive)|| | |to burn <br>(intransitive)|| brinna | ||
|- | |- | ||
|to carry || | |to carry || hlaða | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- | |||
|child (reciprocal<br> of parent)|| | |child (reciprocal<br> of parent)|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
--> | |||
|to come || koma | |to come || koma | ||
|- | |- | ||
|to crush/to grind || | |to crush/to grind || krostja | ||
|- | |- | ||
|to cry/to weep || veina | |to cry/to weep || veina | ||
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|dog || hundur | |dog || hundur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|to drink || | |to drink || drikka | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ear || eyrur | |ear || eyrur | ||
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|eye || auggur (< augagur) | |eye || auggur (< augagur) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|to fall || | |to fall || falla | ||
|- | |- | ||
|far || fjerra | |far || fjerra | ||
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|fish || fiskrur | |fish || fiskrur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|flesh/meat || | |flesh/meat || fleskur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|fly || fljúgur | |fly || fljúgur | ||
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|leaf || laufblaður | |leaf || laufblaður | ||
|- | |- | ||
|leg || | |leg || leggrur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|foot || fótrur | |foot || fótrur | ||
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|nose || nǫsur | |nose || nǫsur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|not || | |not || né/ekk- | ||
|- | |- | ||
|old || ellrira | |old || ellrira | ||
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|hide || húður | |hide || húður | ||
|- | |- | ||
|small || | |small || smárra | ||
|- | |- | ||
|smoke || reykrur | |smoke || reykrur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|soil || | |soil || jǫrðbotnur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|to stand || | |to stand || standa | ||
|- | |- | ||
|star || stjarnur | |star || stjarnur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|stone || | |stone || steinnur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rock || | |rock || steinnbrukkur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|to suck || súga | |to suck || súga | ||
|- | |- | ||
|sweet || | |sweet || sœtra | ||
|- | |- | ||
|tail <br>(animal)|| | |tail <br>(animal)|| taglur | ||
|- | |- | ||
|to take (away) || | |to take (away) || ekkórra·nema | ||
|- | |- | ||
|thick || | |thick || þjokkra | ||
|- | |- | ||
|thigh || þjógur | |thigh || þjógur | ||