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Proto-Rttirrian: Difference between revisions
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'''Proto-Rttirrian''' is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Rttirrian family of languages spoken primarily across the nation of [[Verse:Rttirria|Rttirria]], as well as other nearby nations in [[w:Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]]. It was probably spoken around 1500–1000 BCE, but there are no written records of its existence. Based on the distribution and diversity of its daughter languages, Proto-Rttirrian's [[w:urheimat|urheimat]] was probably somewhere in present-day northeastern Rttirria or southwestern [[w:Myanmar|Myanmar]]. Its two main branches are South Rttirrian, spoken in Rttirria, and North Rttirrian, spoken elsewhere in Southeast Asia and notable for its [[w:Semitic languages|Semitic]]-like word root system. | '''Proto-Rttirrian''' is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Rttirrian family of languages spoken primarily across the nation of [[Verse:Rttirria|Rttirria]], as well as other nearby nations in [[w:Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]]. It was probably spoken around 1500–1000 BCE, but there are no written records of its existence. Based on the distribution and diversity of its daughter languages, Proto-Rttirrian's [[w:urheimat|urheimat]] was probably somewhere in present-day northeastern Rttirria or southwestern [[w:Myanmar|Myanmar]]. Its two main branches are South Rttirrian, spoken in Rttirria, and [[Proto-North-Rttirrian|North Rttirrian]], spoken elsewhere in Southeast Asia and notable for its [[w:Semitic languages|Semitic]]-like word root system. | ||
Proto-Rttirrian was a moderately [[w:fusional language|fusional]] language somewhat like many [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] languages, which inflected verbs for person, number, [[w:animacy|animacy]], tense, and the [[w:subjunctive mood|subjunctive]] mood. It had two consonants, transcribed ''*l<sub>1</sub>'' and ''*l<sub>2</sub>'', whose pronunciations are disputed; disputes also exist over the function of its "fourth tense" (after past, present, and future) and its word order. | Proto-Rttirrian was a moderately [[w:fusional language|fusional]] language somewhat like many [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] languages, which inflected verbs for person, number, [[w:animacy|animacy]], tense, and the [[w:subjunctive mood|subjunctive]] mood. It had two consonants, transcribed ''*l<sub>1</sub>'' and ''*l<sub>2</sub>'', whose pronunciations are disputed; disputes also exist over the function of its "fourth tense" (after past, present, and future) and its word order. | ||
| Line 303: | Line 303: | ||
!Rttirri | !Rttirri | ||
!Gaju | !Gaju | ||
! | !Zoki | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*m | !*m | ||
| Line 309: | Line 309: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*n | !*n | ||
|colspan=" | |colspan="2"|n | ||
|ɲ | |||
|- | |- | ||
!*ɳ | !*ɳ | ||
|ɳ | |ɳ | ||
|n | |colspan="2"|n | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*p | !*p | ||
|h | |h | ||
|pʰ | |pʰ | ||
|p | |p, pʰ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*b | !*b | ||
|colspan="2"|p | |colspan="2"|p | ||
|b | |b, p | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*t | !*t | ||
|f | |f | ||
|tʰ | |tʰ | ||
| | |tɕ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*d | !*d | ||
|ʔ | |ʔ | ||
|t | |t | ||
| | |dʑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*k | !*k | ||
|k | |k | ||
|kʰ | |kʰ | ||
|k | |k, kʰ, g | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*g | !*g | ||
| | |k | ||
|g | |k, ŋ | ||
|g, k, ŋ | |||
|- | |- | ||
!*ʈ | !*ʈ | ||
|ʂ | |ʂ | ||
|tʰ | |tʰ | ||
| | |t, tʰ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*ɖ | !*ɖ | ||
|ʈ | |ʈ | ||
|t | |t | ||
| | |d, t | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*ɸ | !*ɸ | ||
|ø | |ø | ||
|f, m | |f, m | ||
| | |f | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*β | !*β | ||
|ø | |ø | ||
|f, m | |f, m | ||
| | |v, w | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*s | !*s | ||
| Line 380: | Line 381: | ||
!*w | !*w | ||
|colspan="2"|u | |colspan="2"|u | ||
| | |v | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*j | !*j | ||
|colspan="2"|i | |colspan="2"|i | ||
|j | |j, dʑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*ɭ | !*ɭ | ||
|ɽ | |ɽ | ||
|l | |colspan="2"|l | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*ɻ | !*ɻ | ||
|ɻ | |ɻ | ||
|w | |w | ||
| | |ɹ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*l<sub>1</sub> | !*l<sub>1</sub> | ||
|w, u | |w, u | ||
|l, [[w:Tone (linguistics)|V˩]] | |l, [[w:Tone (linguistics)|V˩]] | ||
|x | |x, k | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*l<sub>2</sub> | !*l<sub>2</sub> | ||
| Line 409: | Line 409: | ||
|ɑ | |ɑ | ||
|ä, ɔ, ɛ, e | |ä, ɔ, ɛ, e | ||
| | |ə, a, ɑ, ɛ, eə | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*i | !*i | ||
|i | |i | ||
|i, ɪ, e | |i, ɪ, e | ||
|i, e | |i, iə, e, ɛ, eə | ||
|- | |- | ||
!*u | !*u | ||
|u | |u | ||
|u, o | |u, o | ||
|u, o, ɔ | |u, uə, o, oə, ɔ, ɑ | ||
|} | |} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Proto-North-Rttirrian]] | |||
* [[Gaju]] | * [[Gaju]] | ||
* [[Rttirri]] | * [[Rttirri]] | ||
* [[Zoki]] | |||
* [[Verse:Rttirria]] | * [[Verse:Rttirria]] | ||