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Wendlandish: Difference between revisions
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Wendlandish nouns inflect for definitiveness and number; the definite article is suffixed and changes for gender, being ''-il'' for masculine nouns and ''-la'' for feminine ones (with ''l'' becoming ''r'' if there's another ''l'' in the stem).<br/> | |||
It is not always possible to know what is the gender of the noun; generally nouns in ''-a'' are feminine (e.g. ''margva'' "carrot", ''tøla'' "table") as are many in ''-e'' (e.g. ''førka'' "girl") but for many other nouns it is not possible to know it from the form, e.g. ''kan'' "cane" is feminine but ''kæn'' "dog" is masculine; similarly ''oran'' (eagle) and ''agjin'' (fire) are both masculine while ''jalin'' (deer) is feminine. | |||
The basic pattern is as follows: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 ! !! colspan=2 | Masculine !! colspan=2 | Feminine | |||
|- | |||
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Indefinite | |||
| pisk <small>''"fish"''</small> || pisk'''er''' || kar'''a''' <small>''"house"''</small> || kar'''ar''' | |||
|- | |||
! Definite | |||
| pisk'''il''' || pisk'''ylir''' || kar'''la''' || kar'''allar''' | |||
|} | |||
Examples of allomorphy: | |||
: '''pufl''' (m) (people): pufl (sg. ind.) - pufl'''ir''' (pl. ind.) - pufl'''ir''' (sg. def.) - pufl'''yllir''' (pl. def.) (see below for the ''-ir'' plural) | |||
: '''lynga''' (f) (language): lyng'''a''' - lyng'''ar''' - lyng'''ra''' - lyng'''allar''' | |||
Other special cases: | |||
* Some masculine nouns in '''-ur''' lose the '''u''' in declined forms, e.g. '''kongur''' (king): kongur - kongler - kongril - kongrylir (note dissimilation of ''kongr-'' to ''kongl-'' in the plural indefinite); | |||
** Masculine nouns in '''-lur''' further dissimilate the resulting *-lr to '''-ll''', e.g. '''milur''' (smile): milur - millir - miller - millyllir; | |||
* Masculine nouns in '''-ð''' change this consonant to '''d''' in declined forms, e.g. '''ølð''' (ship): ølð - ølder - øldil - øldylir; | |||
** This change does not happen after ''-r'' and ''-j'', e.g. '''arvejð''' (work): arvejð - arvejðer - arvejðil - arvejðylir; | |||
* Some masculine nouns have plural indefinite in ''-ir'', as a result of non-regularized original Latin ''-ōs''. ''pufl'' (people) is possibly the most noticeable; | |||
* Feminine nouns in '''-æt''' (< Latin ''-itate'') change this final ''t'' into ''ð'' in declined forms, e.g. '''frjæt''' "truth": frjæt - frjæðir - frjæðla - frjæðillar; | |||
* As seen in ''frjæt'', feminine nouns ending in a consonant have ''i'' as the thematic vowel for plural forms, e.g. ''forbindasj'' (''-asj'' < Lat. ''-ātiō'') "connection": forbindasj - forbindasjir - forbindasjla - forbindasjillar. | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||