Br'ga: Difference between revisions
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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! !! Labial !! Dental !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar | ! !! Labial !! Dental !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Voiced Stops''' || b || d || ḍ || j || g | | '''Voiced Stops''' || b || d || ḍ || j || g || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Voiceless Stops''' || p || t || ṭ || c || k | | '''Voiceless Stops''' || p || t || ṭ || c || k || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Aspirated Stops''' || ph || th || ṭh || ch || kh | | '''Aspirated Stops''' || ph || th || ṭh || ch || kh || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Implosive Stops''' || | | '''Implosive Stops''' || bh || dh || ḍh || jh || gh || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Trills''' || br || dr || || || gr | | '''Trills''' || br || dr || || || gr || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Plain Click''' || || q | | '''Plain Click''' || || q || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Nasalized Click''' || || nq | | '''Nasalized Click''' || || nq || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Lateralized Click''' || || lq | | '''Lateralized Click''' || || lq || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Plain Affricates''' || || ts || ṭṣ || cç || kx | | '''Plain Affricates''' || || ts || ṭṣ || cç || kx || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Lateral Affricate''' || || tlh | | '''Lateral Affricate''' || || tlh || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Voiced Fricative''' | | '''Voiced Fricative''' || || || || || || ḥ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Plain Fricatives''' || || s || ṣ || ç || x | | '''Plain Fricatives''' || || s || ṣ || ç || x || h | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Lateral Fricative''' || || lh | | '''Lateral Fricative''' || || lh || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Rhotics''' || || r || ṛ | | '''Rhotics''' || || r || ṛ || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Liquids''' || w || || || y | | '''Liquids''' || w || || || y || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Lateral''' || || l | | '''Lateral''' || || l || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Nasals''' || m || n || ṇ || ñ || ň | | '''Nasals''' || m || n || ṇ || ñ || ň || | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 10:57, 10 April 2017
Location & Origin
Br'ga is spoken on an island about midway between Sri Lanka and Madagascar. The language has phonetic and grammatical features found in both African and Indic languages, though it appears to be an isolate. There are, however, very many loan words from various trade languages — some estimates place the portion of borrowed lexicon at between ⅓ and ½ of the attested roots. However, in everyday speech, this group of roots makes up well over ¾ of the common lexicon. Borrowings come from English, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Sanskrit, Hindi, Pali, Arabic, and Swahili at the very least, with many "second generation" loans of words that were loaned into those languages from around the world.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiced Stops | b | d | ḍ | j | g | |
| Voiceless Stops | p | t | ṭ | c | k | |
| Aspirated Stops | ph | th | ṭh | ch | kh | |
| Implosive Stops | bh | dh | ḍh | jh | gh | |
| Trills | br | dr | gr | |||
| Plain Click | q | |||||
| Nasalized Click | nq | |||||
| Lateralized Click | lq | |||||
| Plain Affricates | ts | ṭṣ | cç | kx | ||
| Lateral Affricate | tlh | |||||
| Voiced Fricative | ḥ | |||||
| Plain Fricatives | s | ṣ | ç | x | h | |
| Lateral Fricative | lh | |||||
| Rhotics | r | ṛ | ||||
| Liquids | w | y | ||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Nasals | m | n | ṇ | ñ | ň |
Vowels
| Written | IPA |
|---|---|
| a | ɑ |
| e | e |
| ê | ɛ |
| i | ɪ |
| u | ʊ |
| ü | ʏ |
| ' | ə |
Phonotactics
Syllable sequence in root words is strictly CV. Word structure is (V)?(CV)+(C)? Single-phoneme particles / glue-words may be any vowel, click, affricate, or fricative.