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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
*/b d dʒ g/ are devoiced to (unaspirated) [p t c k] in all positions. | |||
*/tʃ, dʒ, ʃ/ = [c, ɟ, ç] | |||
*/n, ʟ, ɾ/ distinguish between "fortis" or unlenited [n̪, ɫ, r] and "lenis" or lenited [ð̞̃, ʀ, z]. | |||
*''th, dh'' are [ħ, z] word-initially and become [h, z] word-finally. | |||
*/ʉ, ɵ/ are always fully back [uː, oː]. | |||
broad r > r; slender r > z | broad r > r; slender r > z | ||
*fr, br, tr, dr, sr, cr, gr > fs, bz, ts, dz, s, ks, gz | |||
grammatical mutation: | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Revision as of 21:40, 23 July 2017
Tumacan is a grammatically conservative descendant of Old Bhadhagha, spoken near the Tumaca Mountains.
Phonology
Consonants
- /b d dʒ g/ are devoiced to (unaspirated) [p t c k] in all positions.
- /tʃ, dʒ, ʃ/ = [c, ɟ, ç]
- /n, ʟ, ɾ/ distinguish between "fortis" or unlenited [n̪, ɫ, r] and "lenis" or lenited [ð̞̃, ʀ, z].
- th, dh are [ħ, z] word-initially and become [h, z] word-finally.
- /ʉ, ɵ/ are always fully back [uː, oː].
broad r > r; slender r > z
- fr, br, tr, dr, sr, cr, gr > fs, bz, ts, dz, s, ks, gz
grammatical mutation:
Vowels
Morphology
Nouns
Tumacan retains the Old Bhadhagha possessive suffixes.
Verbs
tumaca could have b-prefixation (lenition or b-) only when there's a direct object
ní on the other hand doesnt trigger lenition (it didn't in OT)