User:IlL/Spare pages 1/45: Difference between revisions

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Verbs otherwise don't inflect.
Verbs otherwise don't inflect.


Action nouns are formed with the suffix ''-(e)me'', from the genitive of the noun followed by an eroded form of ''ion'' (to do). For example: Leime = speaking
Action nouns are formed with the suffix ''-(e)me'', from the genitive clitic followed by an eroded form of ''ion'' (to do). For example: Leime = speaking


===Syntax===
===Syntax===

Revision as of 17:27, 22 August 2017

IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is an agglutinative language inspired by German, Khmer and Kaidu.

ẞahng = father

Nßäht = tree

Paŕer = stone

Ntŕahg = child

je = who

jan = what

jang = where

jies = how many

ßan, eir, buhz, jåhnß, ßeng, zkühnt, ntöü, nuot, ngiat, zråht [san, eir, ɓuːc, jɔːⁿs, ˈseŋ, ckyːⁿt, ⁿdøy, nuət, ŋiat, crɔːt]

wint = negative

nkelei Pientenk tur Boyenk. = I speak of love and hate.

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Wiobian uses the following 24 consonants:

Wiobian consonants
Labial Alveolar Medial Velar Lab.vel. Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ń /ɲ/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ z /c/ k /k/ qu /kʷ/
prenasalized mp /ᵐb/ nt /ⁿd/ ńz /ᶮɟ/ nk /ᵑg/ nqu /ᵑgʷ/
Fricative plain f /f~v/ ß /s~z/ s /ç~ʝ/ g /x~ɣ/ h /h/
prenasalized mf /ᵐv/ /ⁿz/
Liquid r /r/; l /l/ ŕ /ɹ/
Approximant j /j/ w /w/
Notes
  • Voiceless plosives are not aspirated.
  • /ᵐb ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑg/ devoice to [ᵐp ⁿt ᶮc ᵑk] word-finally.
  • The fricatives ß s g are voiced intervocalically.
  • Gemination is phonemic.

Vowels

Wiobian has short and long versions of the following monophthongs (except for /ə/ which only occurs in unstressed syllables). Long vowels are marked with a following h.

  Front Central Back
Close i /i/ ü /y/ u /u/
Close-mid e /e/ ö /ø/ o /o/
Mid (e /ə/)
Open-mid ä /ɛ/ å /ɔ/
Open a /a/

Diphthongs: ai au ei öü ou ia ie io iu üö uo

Prosody

Stress

Most of the time, the stress falls on the first syllable. Exceptions are verb prefixes and sesquisyllables.

Intonation

Phonotactics

The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C)s, where V can be a vowel or a diphthong.

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Nßäht 'tree'
Nominative Nßäht
Accusative* Nßähter
Genitive Nßähtem
Illative/Inessive Nßähtel
Elative Nßähtels
Allative/Adessive Nßähten
Dative Nßähtene
Ablative Nßähtens
Instrumental/Comitative Nßähtemp
Essive Nßähtezz
Translative Nßähtenk
Abessive Nßähtmakk
  • The accusative is used only in certain set phrases in Modern Tei.

Plurals are formed with nto-, so: Ntonßäht (trees), Ntonßähtem (of trees), ...

Article

The equivalent of the definite article in Tei is a classifier (as in Hmong), but it's placed after the noun and carries the case marker. The noun before a classifier is prescriptively in the genitive case, but it's often dropped.

  • Nßäht koþem (presc. and in older Tei Nßähtem koþem) 'of the tree'
  • Nßähtem 'of a tree'

Pronouns

Pronouns
Singular Plural
1 nkohz tahs
2 mei wäll
3 mpa (animate), mpi (inanimate)

Case suffixes attach to nkuo-, tah-, mei-, and wäh- respectively: nkuom Mpahng = my hand nkuols = from me; about me

Verbs

Subject affixes

Subject affixes
Singular Plural
1 nke- te-
2 en- le-
3 -

These are really clitic forms of pronouns. So for example "nkelei" has the same connotation as "nkohz lei", but "nkohz nkelei" is emphatic, like saying "Myself, I speak".

Verbs otherwise don't inflect.

Action nouns are formed with the suffix -(e)me, from the genitive clitic followed by an eroded form of ion (to do). For example: Leime = speaking

Syntax

The unmarked word order in Tei is SVO. Due to the influence of Tsjoen, Modern Tei is quite strict about it (though objects could be fronted for emphasis).