Talk:Ranic languages: Difference between revisions

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==G-stems: ''joktol''==
===Regular (strong) paradigm===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''kotlec, ktol, joktol, kotol, katel'' 'kill'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''kotlec''
|-
! colspan="4" | Participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''katel''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''ktol!''
|rowspan="2"| ''ktola!'' || ''ktoly!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''ktoli!'' || ''ktolno!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Subjunctive
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''noktol'' || ''noktla'' || ''noktly''
|-
! 2.m
| ''toktol''
|rowspan="2"| ''toktla'' || ''toktly''
|-
! 2.f
| ''toktli'' || ''toktolno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''joktol''
|rowspan="2"| ''joktla'' || ''joktly''
|-
! 3.f
| ''joktli'' || ''joktolno''
|-
! colspan="4" | Preterite
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''kotolok'' || ''kotolna'' || ''kotolny''
|-
! 2.m
| ''kotolot''
|rowspan="2"| ''kotoltma'' || ''kotoltmy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''kotoloc'' || ''kotoltna''
|-
! 3.m
| ''kotol'' || ''kotola'' || ''kotoly''
|-
! 3.f
| ''kotola'' || ''kotolota'' || ''kotolno''
|}
===Weak paradigm: I-*ʔ===
NB. Look at what happens before the second radical.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''ocíc, ci, jóci, ocě, ací'' 'come'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''ocíc''
|-
! colspan="4" | Participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''ací''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''ci!''
|rowspan="2"| ''cě!'' || ''cý!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''cí!'' || ''cino!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Preterite
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nóci'' || ''nócě'' || ''nócý''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tóci''
|rowspan="2"| ''tócě'' || ''tócý''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tócí'' || ''tócino''
|-
! 3.m
| ''jóci''
|rowspan="2"| ''jócě'' || ''jócý''
|-
! 3.f
| ''jócí'' || ''jócino''
|}
===Weak paradigm: I-*m/n===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''jęcén'' 'give'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''cnec''
|-
! colspan="4" | Present participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''nacen''
|-
! colspan="4" | Stative passive participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''nocyn''
|-
! colspan="4" | Past participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''nocon''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''cen!''
|rowspan="2"| ''cna!'' || ''cny!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''cni!'' || ''cenno!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Subjunctive
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nǫcen'' || ''nǫcna'' || ''nǫcny''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tǫcen''
|rowspan="2"| ''tǫcna'' || ''tǫcny''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tǫcni'' || ''tǫcenno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''jęcen''
|rowspan="2"| ''jęcna'' || ''jęcny''
|-
! 3.f
| ''jęcni'' || ''jęcenno''
|-
! colspan="4" | Preterite
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nǫcén'' || ''nǫcéna'' || ''nǫcény''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tǫcén''
|rowspan="2"| ''tǫcéna'' || ''tǫcény''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tǫcéni'' || ''tǫcénno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''jęcén''
|rowspan="2"| ''jęcéna'' || ''jęcény''
|-
! 3.f
| ''jęcéni'' || ''jęcénno''
|}
===Weak paradigm: I-*w===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''voldec, led, juled, volod, valed'' 'beget, mother/father'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''voldec''
|-
! colspan="4" | Participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''valed''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''led!''
|rowspan="2"| ''leda!'' || ''ledy!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''ledi!'' || ''ledno!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Subjunctive
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nuled'' || ''nuleda'' || ''nuledy''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tuled''
|rowspan="2"| ''tuleda'' || ''tuledy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tuledi'' || ''tuledno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''juled''
|rowspan="2"| ''juleda'' || ''juledy''
|-
! 3.f
| ''juledi'' || ''juledno''
|-
! colspan="4" | Preterite
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''volodok'' || ''volodna'' || ''volodny''
|-
! 2.m
| ''volodot''
|rowspan="2"| ''volótma'' || ''volótmy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''volodoc'' || ''volótno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''volod'' || ''voloda'' || ''volody''
|-
! 3.f
| ''voloda'' || ''volodota'' || ''volodno''
|}
===Hollow-Y===
===Hollow-W===
===Weak paradigm: III-*ʔ===
NB. Look at what happens after the second radical
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''boróc, bró, jobró, boró, barí'' 'create, cause'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''boróc''
|-
! colspan="4" | Participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''barí''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''bró!''
|rowspan="2"| ''brova!'' || ''brovy!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''broji!'' || ''bróno!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Subjunctive
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nobró'' || ''nobrova'' || ''nobrovy''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tobró''
|rowspan="2"| ''tobrova'' || ''tobrovy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tobroji'' || ''tobróno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''jobró''
|rowspan="2"| ''jobrova'' || ''jobrovy''
|-
! 3.f
| ''jobroji'' || ''jobróno''
|-
! colspan="4" | Preterite
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''borók'' || ''boróna'' || ''boróny''
|-
! 2.m
| ''borót''
|rowspan="2"| ''borótma'' || ''borótmy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''boróc'' || ''borótno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''boró'' || ''borova'' || ''borovy''
|-
! 3.f
| ''borova'' || ''borovota'' || ''boróno''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''šonovec, šní, jošní, šoní, šaní'' 'be angry at, resent'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''šonovec''
|-
! colspan="4" | Participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''šaní''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''šní!''
|rowspan="2"| ''šně!'' || ''šnevy!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''šní!'' || ''šníno!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Subjunctive
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''ošní'' || ''nošně'' || ''nošní''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tošní''
|rowspan="2"| ''tošně'' || ''tošnevy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tošní'' || ''tošníno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''jošní''
|rowspan="2"| ''jošně'' || ''jošnevy''
|-
! 3.f
| ''jošní'' || ''jošníno''
|}
===Weak paradigm: III-*j===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''socíc, sec, josci, socěj, sací'' 'drink'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''socíc''
|-
! colspan="4" | Present participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''sací''
|-
! colspan="4" | Past participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''socěj''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''sec!''
|rowspan="2"| ''sceja!'' || ''scý!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''scí!'' || ''scino!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Subjunctive
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''oscej'' || ''nosceja'' || ''noscej''
|-
! 2.m
| ''toscej''
|rowspan="2"| ''tosceja'' || ''tosceje''
|-
! 2.f
| ''toscí'' || ''toscino''
|-
! 3.m
| ''joscej''
|rowspan="2"| ''josceja'' || ''josceje''
|-
! 3.f
| ''joscí'' || ''joscino''
|-
! colspan="4" | Preterite
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''osci'' || ''noscija'' || ''nosci''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tosci''
|rowspan="2"| ''toscija'' || ''toscý''
|-
! 2.f
| ''toscí'' || ''toscino''
|-
! 3.m
| ''josci''
|rowspan="2"| ''joscija'' || ''joscý''
|-
! 3.f
| ''joscí'' || ''joscino''
|}
===Weak paradigm: III-*w===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''monýc, mny, jomny, monu, manev'' 'count'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''monýc''
|-
! colspan="4" | Participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''manev''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''mny!''
|rowspan="2"| ''mnova!'' || ''mnovy!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''mnovi!'' || ''mnyno!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Subjunctive
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nomny'' || ''nomnova'' || ''nomnovy''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tomny''
|rowspan="2"| ''tomnova'' || ''tomnovy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tomnovi'' || ''tomnyno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''jomny''
|rowspan="2"| ''jomnova'' || ''jomnovy''
|-
! 3.f
| ''jomnovi'' || ''jomnyno''
|-
! colspan="4" | Preterite
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''monúk'' || ''monuna'' || ''monuny''
|-
! 2.m
| ''monút''
|rowspan="2"| ''monútma'' || ''monútmy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''monúc'' || ''monútno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''monu'' || ''monova'' || ''monovy''
|-
! 3.f
| ''monova'' || ''monovota'' || ''monuno''
|}
===Weak paradigm: III-*ʕ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''smoqec, sma, josma, soma, samea'' 'hear'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''smoqec''
|-
! colspan="4" | Participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''samea'', ''sameq-''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''sma!''
|rowspan="2"| ''smaqa!'' || ''smaqy!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''smaqi!'' || ''smaqno!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Subjunctive
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nosma'' || ''nosmaqa'' || ''nosmaqy''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tosma''
|rowspan="2"| ''tosmaqa'' || ''tosmaqy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tosmaqi'' || ''tosmaqno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''josma''
|rowspan="2"| ''josmaqa'' || ''josmaqy''
|-
! 3.f
| ''josmaqi'' || ''josmaqno''
|-
! colspan="4" | Preterite
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''somoqok'' || ''somoqna'' || ''somoqny''
|-
! 2.m
| ''somoqot''
|rowspan="2"| ''somoqtma'' || ''somoqtmy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''somoqoc'' || ''somoqtno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''soma'' || ''somoqa'' || ''somoqy''
|-
! 3.f
| ''somoqa'' || ''somoqota'' || ''somoqna''
|}
===Irregular: ''jéri'' 'see'===
In the preterite, subjunctive, and imperative, ''jéri'' conjugates as if its root were {{recon|''ʔ-r-y''}}; the remaining forms are irregular.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''jéri'' 'see'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''rájec''
|-
! colspan="4" | Present Participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''rěj''
|-
! colspan="4" | Past Participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''ráj''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''re!''
|rowspan="2"| ''reja!'' || ''rev!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''rej!'' || ''reno!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Present
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''rájok'' || ''rájna'' || ''rájne''
|-
! 2.m
| ''rájot''
|rowspan="2"| ''rájtma'' || ''rájtme''
|-
! 2.f
| ''rájoc'' || ''rájtno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''ráj''|| ''rája'' || ''ráje''
|-
! 3.f
| ''rája'' || ''rájota'' || ''rájno''
|-
! colspan="4" | Preterite
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nóri'' || ''nórija'' || ''nóré''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tóri''
|rowspan="2"| ''tórija'' || ''tóré''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tórí'' || ''tórino''
|-
! 3.m
| ''jéri''
|rowspan="2"| ''jérija'' || ''jéré''
|-
! 3.f
| ''jérí'' || ''jérino''
|-
! colspan="4" | Subjunctive
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nóre'' || ''nórja'' || ''nórev''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tóre''
|rowspan="2"| ''tórja'' || ''tórev''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tórej'' || ''tóreno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''jére''
|rowspan="2"| ''jérja'' || ''jérev''
|-
! 3.f
| ''jérej'' || ''jéreno''
|}
===Irregular: ''jahi'' 'live'===
==N-stems: ''jǫkotyl''==
===Regular (strong) paradigm===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''noktylec, ǫkotyl, jǫkotyl, noktyl, mǫkotyl'' 'be killed'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''noktylec''
|-
! colspan="4" | Participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''mǫkotyl''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''ǫkotyl!''
|rowspan="2"| ''ǫkotyla!'' || ''ǫkotyly!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''ǫkotyli!'' || ''ǫkotylno!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Present
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nǫkotyl'' || ''nǫkotyla'' || ''nǫkotyly''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tǫkotyl''
|rowspan="2"| ''tǫkotyla'' || ''tǫkotyly''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tǫkotyli'' || ''tǫkotylno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''jǫkotyl''
|rowspan="2"| ''jǫkotyla'' || ''jǫkotyly''
|-
! 3.f
| ''jǫkotyli'' || ''jǫkotylno''
|-
! colspan="4" | Preterite
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''noktylok'' || ''noktylna'' || ''noktylny''
|-
! 2.m
| ''noktylot''
|rowspan="2"| ''noktyltma'' || ''noktyltmy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''noktyloc'' || ''noktyltna''
|-
! 3.m
| ''noktyl'' || ''noktyla'' || ''noktyly''
|-
! 3.f
| ''noktyla'' || ''noktylota'' || ''noktylno''
|}
===Weak paradigm: I-*w===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="4" | ''nulydec, ǫvolyd, jǫvolyd, nulyd, mǫvolyd'' 'be born'
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive/Verbal noun
|-
| colspan="4" | ''nulydec''
|-
! colspan="4" | Participle
|-
| colspan="4" | ''mǫvolyd''
|-
! colspan="4" | Imperative
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 2.m
| ''ǫvolyd!''
|rowspan="2"| ''ǫvolyda!'' || ''ledy!''
|-
! 2.f
| ''ǫvolydi!'' || ''ǫvolydno!''
|-
! colspan="4" | Present
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nǫvolyd'' || ''nǫvolyda'' || ''nǫvolydy''
|-
! 2.m
| ''tǫvolyd''
|rowspan="2"| ''tǫvolyda'' || ''tǫvolydy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''tǫvolydi'' || ''tǫvolydno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''jǫvolyd''
|rowspan="2"| ''jǫvolyda'' || ''jǫvolydy''
|-
! 3.f
| ''jǫvolydi'' || ''jǫvolydno''
|-
! colspan="4" | Preterite
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! 1
| ''nulydok'' || ''nulydna'' || ''nulydny''
|-
! 2.m
| ''nulydot''
|rowspan="2"| ''nulýtma'' || ''nulýtmy''
|-
! 2.f
| ''nulydoc'' || ''nulýtno''
|-
! 3.m
| ''nulyd'' || ''nulyda'' || ''nulydy''
|-
! 3.f
| ''nulyda'' || ''nulydota'' || ''nulydno''
|}
===I-nasal===
I-nasal roots trigger compensatory lengthening in combination with the ''ę-'' allomorph of the passive prefix because of the geminate {{recon|''-mm-''}}, {{recon|''-nn-''}} that resulted.
*''nǫ-'' instead of {{recon|''non-''}}
*''é-'' instead of ''ę-''
*''nó-'', ''tó-'', ''jé-'' instead of ''nǫ-'', ''tǫ-'', ''ję-''
==D-stems: ''jokótel''==
==ND-stems: ''jǫkótel''==
==t-stems: ''ktotel''==
==Št-stems: ''jostoktol''==

Revision as of 00:21, 30 August 2017

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