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→Nominalization of a verb
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=Grammar= | =Grammar= | ||
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====In a nutshell:==== | ====In a nutshell:====--> | ||
==PHONOLOGY== | ==PHONOLOGY== | ||
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A verb can be nominalized through the reduplication of the verbal root, which undergoes a mutation of its onset. Regular sandhi rules also apply to this forms. This yields a noun that is an instance of the action conveyed by the verb. This compositions take the following forms: | A verb can be nominalized through the reduplication of the verbal root, which undergoes a mutation of its onset. Regular sandhi rules also apply to this forms. This yields a noun that is an instance of the action conveyed by the verb. This compositions take the following forms: | ||
Replacement of the first consonant through /m/ in the iteration: | '''Replacement of the first consonant through /m/ in the iteration''': [√-C], [√-V] → √C·{C>m}V- | ||
-fricative | |||
:''kĕs'' to.hit _________ ''kĕsmĕs'' strikes | |||
kĕs to.hit _________ kĕsmĕs strikes | |||
max to.cut ________ maxmax cuts | :''max'' to.cut ________ ''maxmax'' cuts | ||
-nasal | -nasal | ||
vun to.grow _______ vunnun (<vunmun) growth | |||
mĕn to.fly ________ mĕnnĕn (<mĕnmĕn) flights | :''vun'' to.grow _______ ''vunnun'' (<''vunmun'') growth | ||
:''mĕn'' to.fly ________ ''mĕnnĕn'' (<''mĕnmĕn'') flights | |||
-liquid | -liquid | ||
mŭr to.(be).ill ______ mŭrmŭr illnesses | |||
bul to.go __________ bullul (<bulmul) ways | :''mŭr'' to.(be).ill ______ ''mŭrmŭr'' illnesses | ||
:''bul'' to.go __________ ''bullul'' (<''bulmul'') ways | |||
-vowel | -vowel | ||
Lenition of stops: | :''reta'' to.eat _______ ''retama'' (''retam’a'' < ''retameta'') meals | ||
'''Lenition of stops''': [√-C], [√-V] → √C·{C+lenition}V- | |||
-nasal | -nasal | ||
-liquid | -liquid | ||
-vowel | -vowel | ||
vun to.grow _______ vunnun (<vunmun) growth | :''vun'' to.grow _______ ''vunnun'' (<''vunmun'') growth | ||
'''Epenthesis of /b/''': VC roots → VC·{b}·VC | |||
:''ĕl'' to.__ _________ ''ĕppĕl'' (<''ĕlbĕl'') ___ | |||
:''on'' to.__ _________ ''ommon'' (<''onbon'') ___ | |||
:''ŭr'' to.speak _______ ''ŭrbŭr'' speech | |||
:''ala'' to.perceive ________ ''alabal(a)'' | |||
Verbs that are already composite are normally nominalized with the prefixation of the nominalizer NLZ y(V)- to this same effect. | Verbs that are already composite are normally nominalized with the prefixation of the nominalizer NLZ y(V)- to this same effect. | ||
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A locative (essive) adverbs can be nominalized with use of the nominalizer prefix NLZ y(Y)-. In contrast to what happens with locative and lative adverbs on their own, nominalized locative adverbs can be modified by grammatical case and become the theme (T) or object (O) of a sentence | A locative (essive) adverbs can be nominalized with use of the nominalizer prefix NLZ y(Y)-. In contrast to what happens with locative and lative adverbs on their own, nominalized locative adverbs can be modified by grammatical case and become the theme (T) or object (O) of a sentence | ||
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NLZ GRAMMATICAL CASE √ DEICTIC DETERMINER QUANTIFIER ADVERB (LOCATIVE/LATIVE) | |||
CASE √ DEICTIC DETERMINER QUANTIFIER | + + + + | ||
ADVERB (LOCATIVE/LATIVE) | |||
E.g.: | NOMINALIZATION OF A LOCATIVE ADVERB | ||
NLZ PART ABS ACC DAT | |||
+ + + + | |||
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:E.g.: | |||
‹nekilixtir› | :{| class=""wikitable | ||
/ˈne.ki.lix.tiɾ/ | |- | ||
{ne·kil·Vx·tVr} | | ''‹nekilixtir›'' || {{pipe}} || ''‹yenekilixtir›'' | ||
tree-SUP-DET.PL-SOME | |- | ||
"on top of some trees" | | /ˈne.ki.lix.tiɾ/ || {{pipe}} || /je.ˈne.ki.lix.tiɾ/ | ||
|- | |||
| {ne·kil·Vx·tVr} || {{pipe}} || {yV·ne·kil·Vx·tVr} | |||
|- | |||
| tree-SUP-DET.PL-SOME || {{pipe}} || NLZ-tree-SUP-DET.PL-SOME | |||
|- | |||
| "on top of some trees" || {{pipe}} || "the top of some trees" | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
From wich, for instance: | From wich, for instance: | ||
‹xomaxram yēkennekilixtir› | :{| class=""wikitable | ||
/xo.ˈma.xɾam ˈjeː.ken.ne.ki.ˌlix.tiɾ/ | |- | ||
{ xo·max·ram ye·eken·ne·kil·ix·tir} | | colspan=2| ''‹xomaxram yēkennekilixtir›'' | ||
{C₂o max-hɾam yV·VkVn·ne·kil·Vx·tVr} | |- | ||
PER.ANIM-to.cut-NPR.ANIM.MASC.1S NLZ-ABS.INAN.PL-tree-SUP-DET.PL-SOME | | colspan=2| /xo.ˈma.xɾam ˈjeː.ken.ne.ki.ˌlix.tiɾ/ | ||
"I (masc.) cut (past) the top of some trees" | |- | ||
| colspan=2| { xo·max·ram ye·eken·ne·kil·ix·tir} | |||
|- | |||
| {C₂o max-hɾam || {{pipe}}yV·VkVn·ne·kil·Vx·tVr} | |||
|- | |||
| PER.ANIM-to.cut-NPR.ANIM.MASC.1S || {{pipe}}NLZ-ABS.INAN.PL-tree-SUP-DET.PL-SOME | |||
|- | |||
| colspan=2| "I (masc.) cut (past) the top of some trees" | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Hypocoristics==== | ====Hypocoristics==== | ||
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=Orthography= | =Orthography= | ||
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[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Artlangs]][[Category:Yrḳuti]][[Category:User:Nicolasstraccia]] | ||