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Kola: Difference between revisions
→Allophony and Variation
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====Allophony and Variation==== | ====Allophony and Variation==== | ||
*When the vowel "ä" occurs after non-labialized guttural (uvular, pharyngeal, or glottal) consonants, it becomes "a". | *When the vowel "ä" occurs after non-labialized guttural (uvular, pharyngeal, or glottal) consonants, it becomes "a". This can also occur optionally before gutturals, especially if the guttural is followed by a central or null vowel. | ||
*All consonants are labialized before the vowels ''o'' and ''u''. | *All consonants are labialized before the vowels ''o'' and ''u''. The distinction between plain and labial velars is lost in this circumstance. | ||
*Labiovelar consonants followed by ''ä'' or ''ï'' can be written and pronounced as their non-labialized counterparts followed by ''o'' or ''u'' respectively. The inverse is also true. Note that ''w'' has no non-labialized counterpart and therefore remains ''w'' regardless (but the vowel alternations still apply). | *Labiovelar consonants followed by ''ä'' or ''ï'' can be written and pronounced as their non-labialized counterparts followed by ''o'' or ''u'' respectively. The inverse is also true. Note that ''w'' has no non-labialized counterpart and therefore remains ''w'' regardless (but the vowel alternations still apply). | ||
*The vowels ''ä'' or ''ï'' can be replaced with ''e'' or ''i'' respectively after palatal consonants and vice versa. | *The vowels ''ä'' or ''ï'' can be replaced with ''e'' or ''i'' respectively after palatal consonants and vice versa. | ||
*Velars and gutturals are often palatalized before front vowels, but this is not always true even in native words. | |||
*Word-initial vowels are preceded with a glottal stop. | |||
====Consonant mutations==== | ====Consonant mutations==== | ||