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*''w-x-s'': love | *''w-x-s'': love | ||
*''b-n-s'': hide | *''b-n-s'': hide | ||
*'' | *''l-z-f'': poke | ||
*''z-ħ-m'': praise, honor | *''z-ħ-m'': praise, honor | ||
*''ŋ-þ-w'': new | *''ŋ-þ-w'': new | ||
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*''y-r-f'': roll | *''y-r-f'': roll | ||
*''f-c-m'': read | *''f-c-m'': read | ||
*'' | *''l-x-r'': write | ||
*''z-r-b'': true, firm | *''z-r-b'': true, firm | ||
*''ś-d- | *''ś-d-l'': half, split | ||
*''f-s-t'': step, stage | *''f-s-t'': step, stage | ||
*''ʔ-b- | *''ʔ-b-l'': mind | ||
*''w-t-f'': die | *''w-t-f'': die | ||
*''þ-ŋ-b'': measure | *''þ-ŋ-b'': measure | ||
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*''ʔ-t-r'': punish | *''ʔ-t-r'': punish | ||
*''g-b-n'': say | *''g-b-n'': say | ||
*''k- | *''k-l-k-l'': tile | ||
*''b-s-ŋ'': clan, family | *''b-s-ŋ'': clan, family | ||
*''b-c-3'': force, coerce | *''b-c-3'': force, coerce | ||
*''r-ʔ-b'': criticize | *''r-ʔ-b'': criticize | ||
*''f-s-k'': beast | *''f-s-k'': beast | ||
*''k- | *''k-l-d'': agree | ||
*''z- | *''z-l-n'': comfort, solace | ||
*''ʔ-ś-þ'': light, color | *''ʔ-ś-þ'': light, color | ||
*''y-d-ś'': compare, similar, metaphor | *''y-d-ś'': compare, similar, metaphor | ||
*''s-f- | *''s-f-l'': dear | ||
*''w-d-r'': equal, same | *''w-d-r'': equal, same | ||
*''ħ-g-r'': different | *''ħ-g-r'': different | ||
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*''þ-k-s'': good, great | *''þ-k-s'': good, great | ||
*''ħ-n-b'': use | *''ħ-n-b'': use | ||
*''s-n- | *''s-n-l'': help | ||
*''f-þ-ʔ'': proud | *''f-þ-ʔ'': proud | ||
*''s-f-n'': bold | *''s-f-n'': bold | ||
*''x-r-r'': young | *''x-r-r'': young | ||
*''x- | *''x-l-n'': eternity | ||
*'' | *''l-n'': come | ||
*'' | *''l-r-y'': wait | ||
*''n-m-y'': fall | *''n-m-y'': fall | ||
*''k-z-n'': stop, settle | *''k-z-n'': stop, settle | ||
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*''n-k-d'': soft | *''n-k-d'': soft | ||
*''z-n-k'': bite | *''z-n-k'': bite | ||
*''g- | *''g-l-n'': straight | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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| '''y''' /j/ | | '''y''' /j/ | ||
| | | | ||
|colspan="2"|''' | |colspan="2"|'''l''' /ʁ~ʕ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
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*Ɨɟ ʢє Ϯ₼ = m n ŋ | *Ɨɟ ʢє Ϯ₼ = m n ŋ | ||
*Ϟɥ Ɔɔ Պɱ Ҕҕ Ʌʎ = s ś c ć z | *Ϟɥ Ɔɔ Պɱ Ҕҕ Ʌʎ = s ś c ć z | ||
*Էէ Ӿӿ Գƪ Ϫϫ Քƍ Ֆⱷ Пп = r w y ħ h | *Էէ Ӿӿ Գƪ Ϫϫ Քƍ Ֆⱷ Пп = r w y ħ h l ʔ | ||
--> | --> | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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*''derå'' = because of | *''derå'' = because of | ||
*''dön'' = around, about | *''dön'' = around, about | ||
*'' | *''kel'' = over, above | ||
*''noc'' = in front of, before | *''noc'' = in front of, before | ||
*''căþin'' = without | *''căþin'' = without | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Feminine, animate | !Feminine, animate | ||
|| '' | || ''ʔèlsö'' || ''ʔèlsön'' || ''ʔălåsöb'' || ''ʔèlsöb'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Feminine, inanimate | !Feminine, inanimate | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|8 | |8 | ||
|'' | |''xolås'' | ||
|'' | |''băxålus'' | ||
|'' | |''xăluslås'' | ||
|''ceˁáˁéš'' | |''ceˁáˁéš'' | ||
|''céˁáš'' | |''céˁáš'' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|11 | |11 | ||
|'' | |''śǎdul'' | ||
|'' | |''băśådul'' | ||
|'' | |''śăduldål'' | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
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When preverbs such as negation or subordinate conjunctions are used, the verb takes the "opposite" aspect of unpreceded verbs: | When preverbs such as negation or subordinate conjunctions are used, the verb takes the "opposite" aspect of unpreceded verbs: | ||
*'' | *''låxx'' 'I come (imperfective)', ''så xalån'' 'I do not come (imperfective)', ''niþ xalån'' 'if I come (imperfective)' | ||
*'' | *''xalån'' 'I came (perfective)', ''så låxx'' 'I did not come (perfective)', ''niþ låxx'' 'if I came (perfective)' | ||
===Relative clauses=== | ===Relative clauses=== | ||
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:but in-migrate-3PL to-east, plain 3.PFV-find ERG-3PL and-3.PFV-dwell-PL there. | :but in-migrate-3PL to-east, plain 3.PFV-find ERG-3PL and-3.PFV-dwell-PL there. | ||
:''Dă-hibrăså, "ʔAce, 3ammå ʔaŋ-yăgåþ ogăn dă- | :''Dă-hibrăså, "ʔAce, 3ammå ʔaŋ-yăgåþ ogăn dă-ŋaþþilnån heh siħþåy." Dă-ʔemmad ʔu-fenuś huþħånăbå yis-yinnåk dă-ʔu-xåwde huþħånăbå yis-wăŋår.'' | ||
==Miscellaneous== | ==Miscellaneous== |
edits