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IPA for Ufhewat Knrawi: Difference between revisions

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The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Ufhewat [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].
The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Ufhewat [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].


This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island, for other varieties see [[:Category:Knrawi IPA guides|Knrawi IPA guides]].
This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island. For other varieties see [[:Category:Knrawi IPA keys|Knrawi IPA keys]].


{{IPA keys}}
{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| style="background: none"
{| style="background: none"
|-
|-
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|{{term|iim|ii'''m'''}}
|{{term|iim|ii'''m'''}}
|because
|because
|'''m'''an
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|mˀ}}</big>
|{{term|mawḿ|ma'''wḿ'''}}
|to mix
|'''m'''an
|'''m'''an
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|n}}</big>
|{{term|jna|j'''n'''a}}
|{{term|nias|'''n'''ias}}
|woman
|'''n'''ot
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|nˀ}}</big>
|{{term|jna|'''jn'''a}}
|star
|star
|'''n'''ot
|'''n'''ot
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|{{term|thga|th'''g'''a}}
|{{term|thga|th'''g'''a}}
|wind
|wind
|sa'''ng'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋˀ}}</big>
|{{term|wga|'''wg'''a}}
|long
|sa'''ng'''
|sa'''ng'''
|-
|-
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|{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}}
|{{term|marg|ma'''r'''g}}
|south
|south
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|rˀ}}</big>
|{{term|jrn|'''jr'''n}}
|land
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|'''r'''ayo ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
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|{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}}
|{{term|vuin|'''v'''uin}}
|corner
|corner
|ha'''v'''e
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|vˀ}}</big>
|{{term|wvg|'''wv'''g}}
|to reach
|ha'''v'''e
|ha'''v'''e
|-
|-
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|{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}}
|{{term|aythá|a'''y'''thá}}
|jasper
|jasper
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɰˀ}}</big>
|{{term|hyg|'''hy'''g}}
|cold
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|a'''g'''ave ([[w:Spanish language|Spanish]])
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|aː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|aː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|kaau|k'''aa'''u}}
|???
|five
|f'''a'''ther
|f'''a'''ther
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɒː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|waay|w'''aa'''y}}
|???
|moth
|b'''o'''t
|b'''o'''t
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|isji|isj'''i'''}}
|???
|big
|b'''e'''d
|b'''e'''d
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞ː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|e̞ː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|ciarcá|c'''ia'''rcá}}
|???
|cobalt
|f'''a'''ce
|f'''a'''ce
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|iː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|iː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|iarti|'''ia'''rti}}
|???
|salt
|b'''ee'''t
|b'''ee'''t
|-
|-
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|lizard
|lizard
|b'''oa'''t
|b'''oa'''t
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ø̞}}</big>
|{{term|tiqíj|t'''i'''qíj}}
|to dry up
|k'''ö'''nnen ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ø̞ː}}</big>
|{{term|jaqia|jaq'''ia'''}}
|wild cannabis
|Sch'''ö'''n ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|u}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|u}}</big>
Line 223: Line 259:
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|uː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|uː}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|pùa|p'''ùa'''}}
|???
|liver
|b'''oo'''t
|b'''oo'''t
|}
|-
| valign="top" |
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|y}}</big>
{| class="IPA wikitable"
|{{term|wi|w'''i'''}}
![[w:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Example !! Translation
|child
|'''ü'''ppig ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|yː}}</big>
|{{term|qhia|qh'''ia'''}}
|day
|'''ü'''ber ([[w:German language|German]])
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| [[w:Tone (linguistics)|Tones]]
! colspan="4"| [[w:Tone (linguistics)|Tones]]
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*/x̠,ʍ,h/ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
*/x̠,ʍ,h/ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
*sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
*sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
**Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority.
***Sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and a syllabic sonorant (and vice versa) with no adjacent sonorant or vowel are realized as [əCˀ].
*/ɹ/ is realized as [r].
*/ɹ/ is realized as [r].
**Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
**Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
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*/ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
*/ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
**Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
**Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
***Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [j,w] before vowels.
**/ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [e̞j,o̞w].
*[i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying /ʍ/).
*[i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying /ʍ/).
*Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
*Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
**[o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
**[o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
**[ə] if not [o̞].
**[ə] if not [o̞].
*[ʔ̞] is realized as [ː]
*Sequences of unstressed [e̞,ø̞,ə,o̞] and /a/ (stressed or unstressed) are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː] respectively.
*Sequences of unstressed [ə] or [o̞] and stressed /a/ are realized as [əː] or [o̞ː] respectively.
*[ʔ̞] is realized as [ː].
**[e̞ːʔ̞,ø̞ːʔ̞,əːʔ̞,o̞ːʔ̞] are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː].
*/˧˩/ is distinct from /˥˩/ [˥˧].
*/˧˩/ is distinct from /˥˩/ [˥˧].


[[Category:Knrawi IPA guides]]
[[Category:Knrawi IPA keys|u]]

Latest revision as of 06:00, 6 March 2024

The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Ufhewat Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.

This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island. For other varieties see Knrawi IPA keys.

IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent
Consonants
f huf small face
h ufh middle have
j shaia house yet
k hyk sugarcane scout
kʰ nkh far cow
kʲ tjic to cook ski
kʲʰ chuh raw key
kʷ guq small island square
kʷʰ uqh snake queen
m iim because man
mˀ mawḿ to mix man
n nias woman not
nˀ jna star not
ŋ thga wind sang
ŋˀ wga long sang
p puskj yam spin
pʰ cuph snake burrow pin
r marg south rayo (Spanish)
rˀ jrn land rayo (Spanish)
s cniztí to try sing
sʰ zherg cloud sing
t riti eye start
tʰ nth water tart
v vuin corner have
vˀ wvg to reach have
w rtiu where wing
ɰ aythá jasper agave (Spanish)
ɰˀ hyg cold agave (Spanish)
x jua all loch
xʲ asi shark he
xʲʰ shiupii wheat noodles he
xʷ niwuu guilty white
ʔ ceh many uh-oh
IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent
Vowels
a agu face father
aː kaau five father
ɒ kjaw to puncture bot
ɒː waay moth bot
e̞ isji big bed
e̞ː ciarcá cobalt face
ə sheya large island about
əː aà to say above
i it head beet
iː iarti salt beet
o̞ zjeyu shore boat
o̞ː uái lizard boat
ø̞ tiqíj to dry up können (German)
ø̞ː jaqia wild cannabis Schön (German)
u cuy angry boot
uː pùa liver boot
y wi child üppig (German)
yː qhia day über (German)
Tones
˥ ik to see
˩ ìy to break
˥˧ cûathay sapphire
˧˩ cûathay sapphire (plural)

Differences from standard Knrawi

    • /n/ and /ŋ/ do not assimilate.
  • /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [s,sʰ].
    • Labialized /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [f,h].
  • /k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
  • /k̠,k̠ʰ/ are realized as [k,kʰ].
  • /x̠,ʍ,h/ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
  • sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
    • Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority.
      • Sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and a syllabic sonorant (and vice versa) with no adjacent sonorant or vowel are realized as [əCˀ].
  • /ɹ/ is realized as [r].
    • Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
  • /ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
  • /ˣ/ is realized as [ʰ].
    • /θˣ,x̟ˣ/ (including labialized /θˣ/) are realized as [x].
  • Fortition does not occur.
  • Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant.
  • Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels).
    • Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively.
  • /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
    • Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
    • /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [e̞j,o̞w].
  • [i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying /ʍ/).
  • Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
    • [o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
    • [ə] if not [o̞].
  • Sequences of unstressed [e̞,ø̞,ə,o̞] and /a/ (stressed or unstressed) are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː] respectively.
  • [ʔ̞] is realized as [ː].
    • [e̞ːʔ̞,ø̞ːʔ̞,əːʔ̞,o̞ːʔ̞] are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː].
  • /˧˩/ is distinct from /˥˩/ [˥˧].
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