IPA for Ufhewat Knrawi

The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Ufhewat Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.

This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island. For other varieties see Knrawi IPA keys.

IPA Keys
Aelatha
Attian
Avendonian
Ayeri
Biscayan
Brittainese
Cet
Cha
Cruckeny
Etlish
Evonish
Favlona
Guimin
Gwaxol
Hantza
Hemaluan
High Valyrian
Iaskyon
Jukpë
Kaikiwan
Keeltyewarem
Kihā́mmic
Knrawi
Kunarek
Luthic
Lôppic
Maryan Coptic
Messinese
Mihousapeja
Millennish
Moshurian
Modern Coptic
Oltic
Owaex
Pomorian
Qafesona
Rangyayo
Rulhilli
Sinatolean
Soc'ul'
Sudyrnish
Umbrean

IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent Consonants f huf small face h ufh middle have j shaia house yet k hyk sugarcane scout kʰ nkh far cow kʲ tjic to cook ski kʲʰ chuh raw key kʷ guq small island square kʷʰ uqh snake queen m iim because man mˀ mawḿ to mix man n nias woman not nˀ jna star not ŋ thga wind sang ŋˀ wga long sang p puskj yam spin pʰ cuph snake burrow pin r marg south rayo (Spanish) rˀ jrn land rayo (Spanish) s cniztí to try sing sʰ zherg cloud sing t riti eye start tʰ nth water tart v vuin corner have vˀ wvg to reach have w rtiu where wing ɰ aythá jasper agave (Spanish) ɰˀ hyg cold agave (Spanish) x jua all loch xʲ asi shark he xʲʰ shiupii wheat noodles he xʷ niwuu guilty white ʔ ceh many uh-oh

IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent Vowels a agu face father aː kaau five father ɒ kjaw to puncture bot ɒː waay moth bot e̞ isji big bed e̞ː ciarcá cobalt face ə sheya large island about əː aà to say above i it head beet iː iarti salt beet o̞ zjeyu shore boat o̞ː uái lizard boat ø̞ tiqíj to dry up können (German) ø̞ː jaqia wild cannabis Schön (German) u cuy angry boot uː pùa liver boot y wi child üppig (German) yː qhia day über (German) Tones ˥ ik to see ˩ ìy to break ˥˧ cûathay sapphire ˧˩ cûathay sapphire (plural)

Differences from standard Knrawi

• • /n/ and /ŋ/ do not assimilate.
• /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [s,sʰ].
  • Labialized /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [f,h].
• /k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
• /k̠,k̠ʰ/ are realized as [k,kʰ].
• /x̠,ʍ,h/ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
• sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
  • Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority.
    • Sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and a syllabic sonorant (and vice versa) with no adjacent sonorant or vowel are realized as [əCˀ].
• /ɹ/ is realized as [r].
  • Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
• /ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
• /ˣ/ is realized as [ʰ].
  • /θˣ,x̟ˣ/ (including labialized /θˣ/) are realized as [x].
• Fortition does not occur.
• Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant.
• Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels).
  • Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively.
• /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
  • Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
  • /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [e̞j,o̞w].
• [i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying /ʍ/).
• Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
  • [o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
  • [ə] if not [o̞].
• Sequences of unstressed [e̞,ø̞,ə,o̞] and /a/ (stressed or unstressed) are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː] respectively.
• [ʔ̞] is realized as [ː].
  • [e̞ːʔ̞,ø̞ːʔ̞,əːʔ̞,o̞ːʔ̞] are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː].
• /˧˩/ is distinct from /˥˩/ [˥˧].