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== Dialect Table == | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|+ '''Minhast Superdialects and Dialects''' | |||
|- | |||
! Superdialect | |||
! Dialect | |||
! scope='col' style="width: 325px;" | Region/Prefecture/District | |||
! Distinguishing Features | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="8" | Upper Minhast | |||
! Horse Speaker | |||
| Umbarak, Hayreb, Nanampuyyi, Wattare, Saxtam, Gannasia Prefectures; <br/> | |||
Kattek (Horse Speaker portion of NCR, approx 50%) | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' realized as ''-uyyi'' | |||
|- | |||
! Salmon Speaker | |||
| Hittaħm, Iskamharat, Tuhattam, Perim-Sin, Gaššarat. Ruyāya Prefectures; <br/> | |||
Iyyūmi (Salmon Speaker portion of NCR, approx 40%) | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' preserved | |||
|- | |||
! Wolf Speaker | |||
| Ešked,Attum Attar, Tayyagur, Rakwar, Tabuk Prefectures | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' preserved | |||
|- | |||
! Dog Speaker | |||
| Hisašarum, Way, Išpa, Warat, Tabbakun, Neweyya, Uħpar, Nikwat, Salabūr, Tawāheb Prefectures | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' realized as ''-uyye'' | |||
|- | |||
! Bear Speaker | |||
| Tannumay, Puyya Prefectures | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' realized as ''-uyya'' | |||
|- | |||
! Fox Speaker | |||
| Kardam, Eħħar Prefectures | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' realized as ''-uyye'' | |||
|- | |||
! Elk Speaker | |||
| Meti, Attuar, Essak Prefectures | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' realized as ''-ūwe'' | |||
|- | |||
! Seal Speaker | |||
| Pinda, Rukpu Prefectures | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' realized as ''-ūwi'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Lower Minhast | |||
! Gull Speaker | |||
| Kissamut, Tur'akkam, Senzil, Rēgum Prefectures; <br/> | |||
Bayburim, Taliwāz, Urgabal, Tantanay, Nuwway, Kitamta, Antuwe, Sašlar (South Coast Colonies) | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' realized as ''-we'', ''-ia'' | |||
|- | |||
! Osprey Speaker | |||
| Uyyuš, Arinak, Naggiriyan, Nāz | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' realized as ''-ia'' | |||
|- | |||
! Egret Speaker | |||
| Nentue, Isku | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' realized as ''-ia'' | |||
|- | |||
! Stone Speaker | |||
| Sakkeb, Neskud,Yaxparim, Izgilbāš, Zurzugul, Higbilan, Narpaz | |||
| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' realized as ''-ia'', ''-ie'' | |||
|} | |||
<!-- | |||
Use this class: "class="bluetable lightbluebg""<br/><br/> | Use this class: "class="bluetable lightbluebg""<br/><br/> | ||
Use this variant of the above class to create collapsible tables: class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | Use this variant of the above class to create collapsible tables: class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | ||
--> | |||
=Nankore Vowel IPA Template = | =Nankore Vowel IPA Template = | ||
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Minhast Phonotactics Table | Minhast Phonotactics Table | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | ||
| | ! rowspan=2 | Initial Consonant | ||
! colspan=18| Final Consonant | ! colspan=18| Final Consonant | ||
|- | |- | ||
! f | ! f | ||
! p | ! p | ||
Line 712: | Line 778: | ||
|nt | |nt | ||
|nd | |nd | ||
|ss | |ns, sn, ss | ||
|šš | |nš, šn, šš | ||
|nz | |nz | ||
|ll | |ll | ||
Line 743: | Line 809: | ||
|ħy | |ħy | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Vocabulary comparison== | |||
To support his new model of Minhast dialectal relationships, Dr. Tashunka compiled a vocabulary list to illustrate lexical similarities and differences, along with evidence of sound change patterns. The following table highlights some of these differences: | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | |||
! rowspan="3" | English | |||
! colspan="16" | Branch | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="9" | Upper Minhast | |||
! colspan="2" | Western Minhast | |||
! Gullic | |||
! colspan="3" | Lower Minhast | |||
! Montaine | |||
|- | |||
! Modern Standard Minhast | |||
! Classical Minhast | |||
! Dūy min Kirmast (Salmon Speaker) | |||
! Hašlua min Kirmast (Wolf Speaker) | |||
! Dūy min Kirmast (Salmon Speaker) | |||
! Hašlua min Kirmast (Wolf Speaker) | |||
! Kaslub min Kirmast (Dog Speaker) | |||
! Nurrappam Kirmast (Bear Speaker) | |||
! Yattaxmin Kirmast (Fox Speaker) | |||
! Naggikim Kirmast (Elk Speaker) | |||
! Hurkadim Kirmast (Seal Speaker) | |||
! Annea min Kirmast (Gull Speaker) | |||
! Neyūn min Kirmast (Osprey Speaker) | |||
! Šunnekim Kirmast (Egret Speaker) | |||
! City Speaker | |||
! Banakim Kirmast (Stone Speaker) | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| bear | |||
| beir | |||
| bear | |||
| beer | |||
| beer | |||
| bear | |||
| Baar | |||
| Bier | |||
| Bär | |||
| בער<br />ber | |||
| 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰 (Baira) | |||
| björn | |||
| [[Bjørn#Faroese|bjørn]] | |||
| björn | |||
| bjørn | |||
| bjørn | |||
| bear | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
| apple || aiple || apel || appel || appel || appel || Appel || Apel || Apfel || עפּל<br />(epl) || 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃<br />(aplus) || epli || epli || äpple || æble || eple || eple | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Latest revision as of 00:06, 18 February 2018
Dialect Table
Superdialect | Dialect | Region/Prefecture/District | Distinguishing Features |
---|---|---|---|
Upper Minhast | Horse Speaker | Umbarak, Hayreb, Nanampuyyi, Wattare, Saxtam, Gannasia Prefectures; Kattek (Horse Speaker portion of NCR, approx 50%) |
Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -uyyi |
Salmon Speaker | Hittaħm, Iskamharat, Tuhattam, Perim-Sin, Gaššarat. Ruyāya Prefectures; Iyyūmi (Salmon Speaker portion of NCR, approx 40%) |
Fossilized suffix -ūy preserved | |
Wolf Speaker | Ešked,Attum Attar, Tayyagur, Rakwar, Tabuk Prefectures | Fossilized suffix -ūy preserved | |
Dog Speaker | Hisašarum, Way, Išpa, Warat, Tabbakun, Neweyya, Uħpar, Nikwat, Salabūr, Tawāheb Prefectures | Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -uyye | |
Bear Speaker | Tannumay, Puyya Prefectures | Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -uyya | |
Fox Speaker | Kardam, Eħħar Prefectures | Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -uyye | |
Elk Speaker | Meti, Attuar, Essak Prefectures | Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -ūwe | |
Seal Speaker | Pinda, Rukpu Prefectures | Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -ūwi | |
Lower Minhast | Gull Speaker | Kissamut, Tur'akkam, Senzil, Rēgum Prefectures; Bayburim, Taliwāz, Urgabal, Tantanay, Nuwway, Kitamta, Antuwe, Sašlar (South Coast Colonies) |
Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -we, -ia |
Osprey Speaker | Uyyuš, Arinak, Naggiriyan, Nāz | Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -ia | |
Egret Speaker | Nentue, Isku | Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -ia | |
Stone Speaker | Sakkeb, Neskud,Yaxparim, Izgilbāš, Zurzugul, Higbilan, Narpaz | Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -ia, -ie |
Nankore Vowel IPA Template
Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | ||
Close |
| |||||
Near-close | ||||||
Close-mid | ||||||
Mid | ||||||
Open-mid | ||||||
Near-open | ||||||
Open |
Minhast Vowel Template
Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | ||
Close |
| |||||
Near-close | ||||||
Close-mid | ||||||
Mid | ||||||
Open-mid | ||||||
Near-open | ||||||
Open |
Minhast Noun Table
Absolutive | Pre-clitic Form | Incorporated Form | Examples | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Class I | gal=Ø | gal= |
-gal- |
galde, galyār |
Class II | marua | marū= |
-mar- |
marūde, marūpar |
yarea | yarē= |
-yar- |
yarēde, yarēran | |
simmia | simmī= |
-simm- |
simmīde, simmīkan | |
Class III | asr | asr-, asre- |
-asr- |
asride, asrenī |
niss | niss-,nisse- |
-niss- |
nisside, nissekī |
Minhast Portmanteau Pronominal Affixes
Agent (Singular) | Patient (Singular) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd masc. sg. | 3rd fem. sg. | 3rd neut. anim sg. | 3rd neut. inanim. sg. | |
1st Sg. | ---- | -tak- | -(e)k- | -kk- | -k- | -tirk- |
2nd Sg | -ktah- | ---- | -tah- | -lettah- | -tah- | -tittah- |
3rd Masc. Sg | -knen- | -nten- | -nn-, -Ø- | -lenn- | -enn- | -tirenn- |
3rd Fem. Sg | -kl- | -tal- | -l- | -ll- | -l- | -till- |
3rd Neut. Anim. Sg | -k- | -t- | -Ø- | -Ø- | -s- | -t- |
3rd Neut. Inanim. Sg | -km- | -tam- | -m- | -mm- | -m- | -timm- |
Agent | Patient (Singular) | |||||
1st Pl. Incl. | ---- | ---- | -hak- | -hlak- | -k- | -tirhak- |
1st Pl. Excl. | ---- | -ntem- | -nn- | -lennem- | -ennem- | -tinnem- |
2nd Pl. | -aktahm- | ---- | -mt- | -lettem- | -ettem- | -tittem- |
3rd Pl. Common | -ekken- | -takken- | -nk- | -lekken- | -seššen- | -tikken- |
3rd Pl. Neut. Anim. | -aksen- | -tasn- | -sn- | -less- | -sess- | -tiss- |
3rd Pl. Neut. Inanim. | -akmah- | -tammah- | -mah- | -(a)mmah- | -mah- | -timmah- |
Minhast Portmanteau Pronominal Affixes #2
Person - Number - Gender | Independant Forms | Bound Forms | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ergative | Absolutive | Oblique | Stative | |
1st Sg. | yakte | yak | yak- | -ek |
2nd Sg. | tahte | taħ | tah-,taħ- | -taħ |
3rd Masculine - Common Sg. | kūde | kua | kū- | -na |
3rd Feminine Sg. | lēde- | lea | lē-, ley- | -lea |
3rd Neuter Animate Sg. | šemet | šea | šē-, šey- | -šea |
3rd Neuter Inanimate Sg. | mēde | mea | mē-,mey- | -mea |
Plural | ||||
1st Plural Inclusive | hakemt(e) | hak | hak- | -hakkem |
1st Pl Exclusive | nemt(e) | nem | nem- | -nem |
2nd Pl. | taħtemt(e) | taħtem | -taħtem | -taħtem- |
3rd Masc./Common Pl | kemt(e) | kem | kem- | -kem |
3rd Fem. Pl. | wext(e) | wexī, weššī | wex- | (n/a) |
3rd Neut. Anim. Pl. | sešt(e) | seš | sešš(i)- | -sseš |
3rd Neut. Inanim Pl. | maħt(e) | maħ | mah-, maħ- | -maħ |
Minhast Phonotactics Table
Minhast Phonotactics Table
Initial Consonant | Final Consonant | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
f | p | b | k | x | g | t | d | s | š | z | l | r | m | n | h | w | y | |
f | ff | pp | pp | fk | fx | fk | ft | ft | fs | ff | fs | fl | fr | fm | fn | ff | fw | fy |
p | pp | pp | pp | pk | xp | pk | pt | pt | ps | ħp | ps | pl | pr | pm | pn | ħp | pw | py |
b | pp | pp | bb | pk | xp | mg | pt | mb | ps | ħp | ps | bl | br | mb | mb | ħp | bw | by |
k | kf | kp | kp | kk | kk | kk | kt | kt | ks | ħk | ks | kl | kr | km | kn | ħk | kw | ky |
x | xf | xp | xp | kk | xx | gg | xt | xt | ss | šš | ss | xl | xr | xm | xn | xx | xw | xy |
g | kf | kp | gb | kk | kk | gg | kt | gd | ks | ħk | zg | lg | gr | gm | gn | ħk | gw | gy |
t | ft | pt | pt | kt | xt | kt | tt | tt | st | št | st | tt | rt | mt | nt | ħt | wt | šš |
d | ft | pt | bb | kt | xt | gd | tt | dd | st | ħt | zd | ld | rd | mb | nd | ħt | dw | dy |
s | sp | sp | sp | sk | xs | sk | st | st | ss | šš | ss | sl | ss | sm | sn | ħs | sw | šš |
š | šf | šp | šp | šk | šš | šk | št | št | ss | šš | ss | šl | šš | šm | šn | ħš | šw | šš |
z | sp | sp | zb | sk | ss | zg | st | zd | ss | šš | zz | zl | zz | zm | zn | ħs | zw | zy |
l | lf | pp | lb | kk | xl | lg | tt | ld | sl | šl | zl | ll | rr | lm,mm | nn | ħl | lw | yy |
r | rf | rp | rb | rk | rx | rg | rt | rd, dd | rs, ss | rš, šš | zz | ll | rn, nn | rm, mm | nn | rħ, ħr | rw | ry |
m | mf | mp | mb | nk | xn | mg | mt | md | ns | šm | nz | ml | mr | mm | nn | mh | ww | my |
n | mf | mp | mb | nk | xn | mg, ng | nt | nd | ns, sn, ss | nš, šn, šš | nz | ll | rr | mm | nn | nh | nw | ny,yy |
h | ff | ħp | ħp | ħk | xx | ħk | ħt | ħt | ħs | ħš | ħs | ħl | ħr | ħm | ħn | ħħ | ħw | ħy |
Vocabulary comparison
To support his new model of Minhast dialectal relationships, Dr. Tashunka compiled a vocabulary list to illustrate lexical similarities and differences, along with evidence of sound change patterns. The following table highlights some of these differences:
English | Branch | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper Minhast | Western Minhast | Gullic | Lower Minhast | Montaine | ||||||||||||
Modern Standard Minhast | Classical Minhast | Dūy min Kirmast (Salmon Speaker) | Hašlua min Kirmast (Wolf Speaker) | Dūy min Kirmast (Salmon Speaker) | Hašlua min Kirmast (Wolf Speaker) | Kaslub min Kirmast (Dog Speaker) | Nurrappam Kirmast (Bear Speaker) | Yattaxmin Kirmast (Fox Speaker) | Naggikim Kirmast (Elk Speaker) | Hurkadim Kirmast (Seal Speaker) | Annea min Kirmast (Gull Speaker) | Neyūn min Kirmast (Osprey Speaker) | Šunnekim Kirmast (Egret Speaker) | City Speaker | Banakim Kirmast (Stone Speaker) | |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
bear | beir | bear | beer | beer | bear | Baar | Bier | Bär | בער ber |
𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰 (Baira) | björn | bjørn | björn | bjørn | bjørn | bear |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |
apple | aiple | apel | appel | appel | appel | Appel | Apel | Apfel | עפּל (epl) |
𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aplus) |
epli | epli | äpple | æble | eple | eple |