User:IlL/Spare pages 1/45: Difference between revisions
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|nativename = ''Wiob-Nkahn'' | |nativename = ''Wiob-Nkahn'' | ||
|pronunciation= /wiob ᵑgaːn/ | |pronunciation= /wiob ᵑgaːn/ | ||
|familycolor=wb | |||
|fam1= [[Wiobic languages|Wiobic]] | |||
|familycolor= | |||
|fam1= Wiobic | |||
|script={{PAGENAME}} script | |script={{PAGENAME}} script | ||
|iso3= | |iso3= | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wiobem-Nkahn'' or colloquially ''Wiob-Nkahn'') is | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''wee-OH-bee-ən''; ''Wiobem-Nkahn'' or colloquially ''Wiob-Nkahn'') is a conlang loosely inspired by Old High German, Old English and Khmer. | ||
Numbers: | Numbers: ßoz, klie, skah, moj, fah, ies, nteht, nuot, ngaht, ziu | ||
''ma'' = negative | ''ma'' = negative | ||
''nkelei Piontels | ''nkelei Piontels je Bojels.'' = I speak of love and hate. | ||
''Plünkßne'' = feather | |||
==Idea== | ==Idea== | ||
A "Sinospheric Finnish", or "Chinese with cases" | A "Sinospheric Finnish", or "Chinese with cases" | ||
Line 30: | Line 29: | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
Wiobian is written in an orthography created by King Kait Niumer (modern Wiobian: ''Houger Niumer Kait''; ''Kait'' is the family name). | |||
in wiobian Orthography, only Nouns are capitalized; first Words in Sentences are not capitalized unless they are Nouns. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;" | ||
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| '''m''' /m/ | | '''m''' /m/ | ||
| '''n''' /n/ | | '''n''' /n/ | ||
| ''' | | '''nj''' /ɲ/ | ||
| '''ng''' /ŋ/ | | '''ng''' /ŋ/ | ||
| | | | ||
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| '''mp''' /ᵐb/ | | '''mp''' /ᵐb/ | ||
| '''nt''' /ⁿd/ | | '''nt''' /ⁿd/ | ||
| ''' | | '''nz''' /ᶮɟ/ | ||
| '''nk''' /ᵑg/ | | '''nk''' /ᵑg/ | ||
| '''nqu''' /ᵑgʷ/ | | '''nqu''' /ᵑgʷ/ | ||
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| '''b''' /b/ | | '''b''' /b/ | ||
| '''d''' /d/ | | '''d''' /d/ | ||
| ''' | | '''dj''' /ɟ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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! | <small>plain</small> | ! | <small>plain</small> | ||
| '''f''' /f~v/ | | '''f''' /f~v/ | ||
| '''ß''' /s~z/<br/>''' | | '''ß''' /s~z/<br/>'''th''' /θ~ð/ | ||
| '''s''' /ç~ʝ/ | | '''s''' /ç~ʝ/ | ||
| '''g''' /x~ɣ/ | | '''g''' /x~ɣ/ | ||
| ''' | | '''hw''' /ʍ/ | ||
| '''h''' /h/ | | '''h''' /h/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
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! colspan="2" |Liquid | ! colspan="2" |Liquid | ||
| | | | ||
| | | '''l''' /l/ | ||
| ''' | | '''r''' /ɹ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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*/b d ɟ/ are often realized as implosives. | */b d ɟ/ are often realized as implosives. | ||
*The fricatives ''ß s g'' are voiced intervocalically. | *The fricatives ''ß s g'' are voiced intervocalically. | ||
*In Modern Wiobian, '''s''' in '''sC-''' inital clusters are pronounced /x/. | |||
*In Old Wiobian, '''r''' was [r], an alveolar trill. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{{PAGENAME}} has short and long versions of the following monophthongs (except for /ə/ which only occurs in unstressed syllables). Long vowels | {{PAGENAME}} has short and long versions of the following monophthongs (except for /ə/ which only occurs in unstressed syllables). Long vowels can be marked with a following ''h''. Word-finally, vowels (except schwa) are long even without a following ''h''. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! | | ! | | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C)s, where V can be a vowel or a diphthong. | The syllable structure is usually (C)(C)V(C)s, where V can be a vowel or a diphthong. | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|Essive | !scope="row"|Essive | ||
|colspan="2"|'' | |colspan="2"|''Nßähtez'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|Translative | !scope="row"|Translative | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Plurals are formed with ''nto | Plurals are formed with ''nto'', so: ''nto Nßäht'' (trees), ''nto Nßähtem'' (of trees), ... | ||
Old {{PAGENAME}} used ''-er'' as an accusative and ''-el'' for both the illative and inessive. | Old {{PAGENAME}} used ''-er'' as an accusative and ''-el'' for both the illative and inessive. | ||
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The equivalent of the definite article in {{PAGENAME}} is a classifier (as in Hmong), but it's placed after the noun and carries the case marker. The noun before a classifier is prescriptively in the genitive case, but it's often dropped. | The equivalent of the definite article in {{PAGENAME}} is a classifier (as in Hmong), but it's placed after the noun and carries the case marker. The noun before a classifier is prescriptively in the genitive case, but it's often dropped. | ||
* ''Nßäht | * ''Nßäht kothem'' (presc. and in older {{PAGENAME}} ''Nßähtem kothem'') 'of the tree' | ||
* ''Nßähtem'' 'of a tree' | * ''Nßähtem'' 'of a tree' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|1 | !|1 | ||
|'' | |''si'' | ||
|''tahs'' | |''tahs'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|3 | !|3 | ||
|''mpa'' (animate), ''mpi'' (inanimate) | |||
|''ntompa'' (animate), ''ntompi'' (inanimate) | |||
|} | |} | ||
Case suffixes attach to '' | Case suffixes attach to ''si-, tah-, mei-,'' and ''wäh-'' respectively: | ||
'' | ''sim Mpahng'' = my hand; | ||
'' | ''sils'' = from me; about me | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs don't inflect. | |||
Action nouns are formed with the suffix ''-(e)me'', from the genitive clitic followed by an eroded form of ''ion'' (to do). For example: ''Leime'' = speaking | |||
===Ideophones=== | |||
Like Japanese and Korean, Wiobian uses ideophones. Ideophones may be used both informally and formally. | |||
*''nungnung'' 'enormous' | |||
*''behdgehd'' 'of slow and reluctant action' | |||
*''ntåkpdåk'' 'hustle and bustle; of hurrying' | |||
*''ngolmol'' 'of boiling liquid' | |||
*''quorquär'' 'of anxiety' | |||
*''klah'' 'ta-da!' | |||
*''jaz'' 'of tightness and security; of exactness' | |||
**e.g. ''jaz skahb'' 'exactly three; just three' | |||
*''nquäh'' 'vaguely, without much effort; approximately' | |||
*''djring'' 'zoom, of an engine noise' | |||
*''ziekziok'' 'in small steps' | |||
Ideophones are often used as adjectives or adverbs. Example: | |||
:''Mpeid tei quorquär.'' | |||
:this COP ~ANXIETY | |||
:This makes me feel uneasy. | |||
===Derivational morphology=== | ===Derivational morphology=== | ||
*''-ed'' = agentive | *''-ed'' = agentive | ||
*''be-'' = applicative | |||
*''en-'' = passive/reflexive | |||
*''deß-'' = causative | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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Serial verbs are also common in {{PAGENAME}}; all verbs but the last in a serial verb chain are in the ablative. | Serial verbs are also common in {{PAGENAME}}; all verbs but the last in a serial verb chain are in the ablative. | ||
'' | ''mpa fiuntens lei.'' = He came and spoke. | ||
[[Category:Pseudo-Germanic]] | [[Category:Pseudo-Germanic]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] |
Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023
IlL/Spare pages 1/45 | |
---|---|
Wiob-Nkahn | |
Pronunciation | [/wiob ᵑgaːn/] |
Created by | IlL |
Wiobic
| |
IlL/Spare pages 1/45 (wee-OH-bee-ən; Wiobem-Nkahn or colloquially Wiob-Nkahn) is a conlang loosely inspired by Old High German, Old English and Khmer.
Numbers: ßoz, klie, skah, moj, fah, ies, nteht, nuot, ngaht, ziu
ma = negative
nkelei Piontels je Bojels. = I speak of love and hate.
Plünkßne = feather
Idea
A "Sinospheric Finnish", or "Chinese with cases"
Phonology
Orthography
Wiobian is written in an orthography created by King Kait Niumer (modern Wiobian: Houger Niumer Kait; Kait is the family name).
in wiobian Orthography, only Nouns are capitalized; first Words in Sentences are not capitalized unless they are Nouns.
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Medial | Velar | Lab.vel. | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | nj /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||
Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | z /c/ | k /k/ | qu /kʷ/ | |
prenasalized | mp /ᵐb/ | nt /ⁿd/ | nz /ᶮɟ/ | nk /ᵑg/ | nqu /ᵑgʷ/ | ||
voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | dj /ɟ/ | ||||
Fricative | plain | f /f~v/ | ß /s~z/ th /θ~ð/ |
s /ç~ʝ/ | g /x~ɣ/ | hw /ʍ/ | h /h/ |
prenasalized | mf /ᵐv/ | nß /ⁿz/ | |||||
Liquid | l /l/ | r /ɹ/ | |||||
Approximant | j /j/ | w /w/ |
- Notes
- Voiceless plosives are not aspirated.
- /ᵐb ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑg/ devoice to [ᵐp ⁿt ᶮc ᵑk] word-finally.
- /b d ɟ/ are often realized as implosives.
- The fricatives ß s g are voiced intervocalically.
- In Modern Wiobian, s in sC- inital clusters are pronounced /x/.
- In Old Wiobian, r was [r], an alveolar trill.
Vowels
IlL/Spare pages 1/45 has short and long versions of the following monophthongs (except for /ə/ which only occurs in unstressed syllables). Long vowels can be marked with a following h. Word-finally, vowels (except schwa) are long even without a following h.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i /i/ | ü /y/ | u /u/ |
Close-mid | e /e/ | ö /ø/ | o /o/ |
Mid | (e /ə/) | ||
Open-mid | ä /ɛ/ | å /ɔ/ | |
Open | a /a/ |
Diphthongs: ai au ei öü ou ie io iu üö uo
Prosody
Stress
Most of the time, the stress falls on the first syllable. Exceptions are verb prefixes and sesquisyllables.
Intonation
Phonotactics
The syllable structure is usually (C)(C)V(C)s, where V can be a vowel or a diphthong.
Morphology
Nouns
Nominative | Nßäht | |
---|---|---|
Genitive | Nßähtem | |
Illative | Nßähter | |
Inessive | Nßähtel | |
Elative | Nßähtels | |
Allative/Dative | Nßähtene | |
Adessive | Nßähten | |
Ablative | Nßähtens | |
Instrumental/Comitative | Nßähtemp | |
Essive | Nßähtez | |
Translative | Nßähtenk | |
Abessive | Nßähtmakk |
Plurals are formed with nto, so: nto Nßäht (trees), nto Nßähtem (of trees), ...
Old IlL/Spare pages 1/45 used -er as an accusative and -el for both the illative and inessive.
Article
The equivalent of the definite article in IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is a classifier (as in Hmong), but it's placed after the noun and carries the case marker. The noun before a classifier is prescriptively in the genitive case, but it's often dropped.
- Nßäht kothem (presc. and in older IlL/Spare pages 1/45 Nßähtem kothem) 'of the tree'
- Nßähtem 'of a tree'
Pronouns
Pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | ||
1 | si | tahs | |
2 | mei | wäll | |
3 | mpa (animate), mpi (inanimate) | ntompa (animate), ntompi (inanimate) |
Case suffixes attach to si-, tah-, mei-, and wäh- respectively: sim Mpahng = my hand; sils = from me; about me
Verbs
Verbs don't inflect.
Action nouns are formed with the suffix -(e)me, from the genitive clitic followed by an eroded form of ion (to do). For example: Leime = speaking
Ideophones
Like Japanese and Korean, Wiobian uses ideophones. Ideophones may be used both informally and formally.
- nungnung 'enormous'
- behdgehd 'of slow and reluctant action'
- ntåkpdåk 'hustle and bustle; of hurrying'
- ngolmol 'of boiling liquid'
- quorquär 'of anxiety'
- klah 'ta-da!'
- jaz 'of tightness and security; of exactness'
- e.g. jaz skahb 'exactly three; just three'
- nquäh 'vaguely, without much effort; approximately'
- djring 'zoom, of an engine noise'
- ziekziok 'in small steps'
Ideophones are often used as adjectives or adverbs. Example:
- Mpeid tei quorquär.
- this COP ~ANXIETY
- This makes me feel uneasy.
Derivational morphology
- -ed = agentive
- be- = applicative
- en- = passive/reflexive
- deß- = causative
Syntax
The unmarked word order in IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is SVO. Due to the influence of Tsjoen, Modern IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is quite strict about it (though objects could be fronted for emphasis).
Serial verbs are also common in IlL/Spare pages 1/45; all verbs but the last in a serial verb chain are in the ablative.
mpa fiuntens lei. = He came and spoke.