Harākti/Conjugation: Difference between revisions
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! rowspan="9" | Indicative !! 1 sg. | ! rowspan="9" | Indicative !! 1 sg. | ||
| -mi/-a || -an || -(a)hari || -(a)han || -(a) | | -mi/-a || -an || -(a)hari || -(a)han || -(a)mari || -(a)mar | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 sg. | ! 2 sg. | ||
| -(e)si || -(e)s || -(e)hati || (e)hat || -(e) | | -(e)si || -(e)s || -(e)hati || (e)hat || -(e)sari || -(e)sar | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 sg. | ! 3 sg. | ||
| -(e)ti || -(e)t || -(e)tari || -(e)tat || -(e) | | -(e)ti || -(e)t || -(e)tari || -(e)tat || -(e)tori || -(e)tor | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1 du. | ! 1 du. | ||
| -(a)vē || -(a)ven || -(a)vastah || -(a)vedah || -(a) | | -(a)vē || -(a)ven || -(a)vastah || -(a)vedah || -(a)dori || -(a)doron | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 du. | ! 2 du. | ||
| -(e)tē || -(e)tan || -(e)vatē || -(e)vetat || -(e) | | -(e)tē || -(e)tan || -(e)vatē || -(e)vetat || -(e)vari || -(e)varat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 du. | ! 3 du. | ||
| -(e)tē || -(e)tan || -(e)vatē || -(e)vetat || -(e) | | -(e)tē || -(e)tan || -(e)vatē || -(e)vetat || -(e)vari || -(e)varat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1 pl. | ! 1 pl. | ||
| -(a)mē || -(a)men || -(a)mastah || -(a)metah || -(a) | | -(a)mē || -(a)men || -(a)mastah || -(a)metah || -(a)mori || -(a)moron | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 pl. | ! 2 pl. | ||
| -(e)te || -(e)ten || -(e)dahū || -(e)dahūt || -(e) | | -(e)te || -(e)ten || -(e)dahū || -(e)dahūt || -(e)dari || -(e)darat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 pl. | ! 3 pl. | ||
| -(a)nti || - | | -(a)nti || -er || -(a)ntar || -(a)ntat || -(a)ntori || -(a)ntorat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="9" | Imperative !! 1 sg. | ! rowspan="9" | Imperative !! 1 sg. | ||
| -(a)lu || rowspan="9" | - || -(a)haru || rowspan="9" | - || -(a) | | -(a)lu || rowspan="9" | - || -(a)haru || rowspan="9" | - || -(a)maru || rowspan="9" | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 sg. | ! 2 sg. | ||
| -(e)di/-(ei)e || -(e)hut || -(e) | | -(e)di/-(ei)e || -(e)hut || -(e)rut | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 sg. | ! 3 sg. | ||
| -tu/-u || -(e)taru || -(e) | | -tu/-u || -(e)taru || -(e)toru | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1 du. | ! 1 du. | ||
| -ūn || -(a)dūn || -(a) | | -ūn || -(a)dūn || -(a)dūr | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 du. | ! 2 du. | ||
| -(e)ton || -(e)tun || -(e) | | -(e)ton || -(e)tun || -(e)run | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 du. | ! 3 du. | ||
| -(e)ton || -(e)tun || -(e) | | -(e)ton || -(e)tun || -(e)run | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1 pl. | ! 1 pl. | ||
| -(a)mu || -(a)madu || -(a) | | -(a)mu || -(a)madu || -(a)moru | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 pl. | ! 2 pl. | ||
| -(e) | | -(e)tū || -(e)dū || -(e)rū | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 pl. | ! 3 pl. | ||
| -(a)ndu || -(a)ntu || -(a) | | -(a)ndu || -(a)ntu || -(a)ntū | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''Other tenses, aspects and moods:''' | |||
* future: '''-s''' (added to the present forms) | |||
* progressive-iterative: '''-re-''' | |||
* habitual-durative: '''-sk-''' | |||
* causative: '''-nen-''' (→ -ne-/-nu-/-neu-) | |||
* conditional: '''mān''' (plus normally conjugated verb) | |||
* optative: '''mēn''' (plus normally conjugated verb) | |||
* reputative: '''kān''' (plus normally conjugated verb) | |||
'''Impersonal forms:''' | |||
* present active gerund: '''-(a)uantsi''' (indeclinable) | |||
* past active gerund: '''-vese/-uese''' (indeclinable) | |||
* present active participle: '''-(a)man''' (declined as adjectives) | |||
* past active participle verbal: '''-(a)nt-''' (forming tenses) | |||
* past active participle adjectival: '''-(a)mantsi''' (declined as adjectives) | |||
* past passive participle: '''-it/-id''' (declined as adjectives) | |||
* infinitives: '''-ā/-ī''' (active), '''-hī''' (mediopassive), '''-rī''' (passive) | |||
* supine: '''-(a)uan''' | |||
* verbal noun: '''-atar/-(e)shar''' (7<sup>th</sup> declension) | |||
==Types of conjugation== | |||
===Type vēdī=== | |||
Verbs: vēdī ''see'', vādī ''know'' | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="8" | Type vēdī (''to see'') | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 50px;" | Mood !! rowspan="2" style="width: 50px;" | Person,<br>number !! colspan="2" | Active !! colspan="2" | Mediopassive !! colspan="2" | Passive | |||
|- | |||
! Present !! Preterite !! Present !! Preterite !! Present !! Preterite | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="9" | Indic. !! 1 sg. | |||
| vēda || vēdan || vēshari || vēshan || vēdlari || vēdlan | |||
|- | |||
! 2 sg. | |||
| vēsi || vēdes || vēshati || vēshat || vēshali || vēdlat | |||
|- | |||
! 3 sg. | |||
| vēti || vēdet || vēstari || vēstat || vēstali || vēdlet | |||
|- | |||
! 1 du. | |||
| vēdvē || vēdven || vēdvastah || vēdvedah || vēdvalah || vēdvelah | |||
|- | |||
! 2 du. | |||
| vēstē || vēdetan || vēdvatē || vēdvetat || vēdvalē || vēdvelat | |||
|- | |||
! 3 du. | |||
| vēstē || vēdetan || vēdvatē || vēdvetat || vēdvalē || vēdvelat | |||
|- | |||
! 1 pl. | |||
| vēmē || vēdmen || vēdmastah || vēdmetah || vēdmalah || vēdmelah | |||
|- | |||
! 2 pl. | |||
| vēste || vēdeten || vēdahū || vēdahūt || vēdalū || vēdalūt | |||
|- | |||
! 3 pl. | |||
| vēnti || vēdant || vēntar || vēntat || vēdlanti || vēdlant | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="9" | Imper. !! 1 sg. | |||
| vēlu || rowspan="9" | - || vēsharu || rowspan="9" | - || vēdlaru || rowspan="9" | - | |||
|- | |||
! 2 sg. | |||
| vēdi || vēshut || vēdlut | |||
|- | |||
! 3 sg. | |||
| vēdu || vēstaru || vēstalu | |||
|- | |||
! 1 du. | |||
| vēdūn || vēdūn || vēdvaluh | |||
|- | |||
! 2 du. | |||
| vēston || vēstun || vēdvalū | |||
|- | |||
! 3 du. | |||
| vēston || vēstun || vēdvalū | |||
|- | |||
! 1 pl. | |||
| vēdmu || vēdmadu || vēdmaluh | |||
|- | |||
! 2 pl. | |||
| vēstei || vēdū || vēdalū | |||
|- | |||
! 3 pl. | |||
| vēndu || vēntu || vēdlantu | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Future | |||
| colspan="2" | vēdas || colspan="2" | vēsharis || colspan="2" | vēdlaris | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Progressive-iterative | |||
| vēdremi || vēdran,<br>vēdres || vēdrehari || vēdrehan || vēdrelari || vēdrelan | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Habitual-durative | |||
| vēdeska || vēdeskan || vēdeskahari || vēdeskahan || vēdeskalari || vēdeskalan | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Causative | |||
| vēdnumi || vēdneuan || vēdnuhari || vēdnuhan || vēdnulari || vēdnulan | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Conditional | |||
| vēdohmi || vēdohan || vēdohahari || vēdohahan || vēdohlari || vēdohlan | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Optative | |||
| vēdīmi || vēdīan || vēdīhari || vēdīhan || vēdīlari || vēdīlan | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Conditional-optative | |||
| vēdahmi || vēdihan || vēdihahari || vēdihahan || vēdahlari || vēdihlan | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="8" | Impersonal forms | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Gerund !! colspan="2" | present active | |||
| colspan="4" | vēduente | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | past active | |||
| colspan="4" | vēdvese | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Participle !! colspan="2" | present active | |||
| colspan="4" | vēdmano | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | past active | |||
| colspan="4" | vēdon | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Supine | |||
| colspan="4" | vēduan | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" | Infinitive !! colspan="2" | active | |||
| colspan="4" | vēdā | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | mediopassive | |||
| colspan="4" | vēdahī | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | passive | |||
| colspan="4" | vēdlā | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Nominalised verb | |||
| colspan="4" | vēdo | |||
|} | |||
===Testing area=== | |||
====Testing area 1==== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 800px; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="8" | Conjugation of X (''English'') | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 50px;" | Mood !! rowspan="2" style="width: 50px;" | Person,<br>number !! colspan="3" | Active !! colspan="3" | Passive | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Present !! style="width: 100px;" | Preterite !! style="width: 100px;" | Future !! style="width: 100px;" | Present !! style="width: 100px;" | Preterite !! style="width: 100px;" | Future | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="9" | Indic. !! 1 sg. | |||
| mi/a || an || mis || mari || mar || maris | |||
|- | |||
! 2 sg. | |||
| si || s || sis || sari || sar || saris | |||
|- | |||
! 3 sg. | |||
| ti || t ||tis || tori || tor || toris | |||
|- | |||
! 1 du. | |||
| vē || ven || vēs || dori || doran || doris | |||
|- | |||
! 2 du. | |||
| tē || tan || tēs || vari || varat || varis | |||
|- | |||
! 3 du. | |||
| tē || tan || tēs || vari || varat || varis | |||
|- | |||
! 1 pl. | |||
| mē || men || mēs || mori || moron || moris | |||
|- | |||
! 2 pl. | |||
| te || ten || tes || dari || darat || daris | |||
|- | |||
! 3 pl. | |||
| nti || er || ntis || ntori || ntorat || ntoris | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="9" | Imper. !! 1 sg. | |||
| lu || rowspan="9" colspan="2" | - || maru || rowspan="9" colspan="2" | - | |||
|- | |||
! 2 sg. | |||
| e || rut | |||
|- | |||
! 3 sg. | |||
| u || toru | |||
|- | |||
! 1 du. | |||
| ūn || dūr | |||
|- | |||
! 2 du. | |||
| ton || run | |||
|- | |||
! 3 du. | |||
| ton || run | |||
|- | |||
! 1 pl. | |||
| mu || moru | |||
|- | |||
! 2 pl. | |||
| tū || rū | |||
|- | |||
! 3 pl. | |||
| andu || ntū | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="8" | Impersonal forms | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Gerund !! colspan="2" | present active | |||
| colspan="4" | uantsi | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | past active | |||
| colspan="4" | vese | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" | Participle !! colspan="2" | present active | |||
| colspan="4" | man | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | past active verbal | |||
| colspan="4" | nt- | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | past active adjectival | |||
| colspan="4" | mantsi | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | past passive | |||
| colspan="4" | it/id | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" | Infinitive !! colspan="2" | active | |||
| colspan="4" | ā/ī | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | mediopassive | |||
| colspan="4" | hī | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | passive | |||
| colspan="4" | rī | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Supine | |||
| colspan="4" | uan | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Nominalised verb | |||
| colspan="4" | atar/shar | |||
|} | |||
====Testing area 2==== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="11" | Conjugation of X (''English'') - active | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="11" | Personal forms | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 70px" | !! style="width: 80px" | !! style="width: 100px" | 1 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 2 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 3 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 1 du !! style="width: 100px" | 2 du || style="width: 100px" | 3 du !! style="width: 100px" | 1 pl !! style="width: 100px" | 2 pl !! style="width: 100px" | 3 pl | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | Indicative !! Present | |||
| mi/a || si || ti || vē || tē || tē || mē || te || nti | |||
|- | |||
! Preterite | |||
| an || s || t || ven || tan || tan || men || ten || er | |||
|- | |||
! Future | |||
| mis/as || sis || tis || vēs || tēs || tēs || mēs || tes || ntis | |||
|- | |||
! Present perf. | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the present tense of '''harkā/esī''' followed by the '''verbal participle''''' | |||
|- | |||
! Pluperfect | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the preterite tense of '''harkā/esī''' followed by the '''verbal participle''''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Conditional !! Present | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''mān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative present''''' | |||
|- | |||
! Preterite | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''mān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative preterite''''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Reputative !! Present | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''kān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative present''''' | |||
|- | |||
! Preterite | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''kān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative preterite''''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Optative | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''mēn''' followed by the verb in the '''1<sup>st</sup>''' or '''3<sup>rd</sup> person indicative present''''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Imperative | |||
| lu || di/e || tu/u || ūn || ton || ton || mu || tū || ndu | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="11" | Impersonal forms | |||
|- | |||
! !! !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | Participle !! Verbal | |||
| colspan="2" | nti || ntā || colspan="2" | ntei || ntoi || colspan="2" | ntēi || ntai | |||
|- | |||
! Present | |||
| man || mani || manā || colspan="2" | manei || manoi || manei || manēi || manai | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| colspan="2" | mansti || manstā || colspan="2" | mantsei || mantsoi || mantsei || mantsēi || mantsai | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Gerund !! Present | |||
| colspan="9" | uantsi | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| colspan="9" | uese | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Supine | |||
| colspan="9" | uan | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Verbal noun | |||
| colspan="9" | atar | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Testing area 3==== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="11" | Conjugation of X (''English'') - mediopassive | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="11" | Personal forms | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 70px" | !! style="width: 80px" | !! style="width: 100px" | 1 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 2 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 3 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 1 du !! style="width: 100px" | 2 du || style="width: 100px" | 3 du !! style="width: 100px" | 1 pl !! style="width: 100px" | 2 pl !! style="width: 100px" | 3 pl | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | Indicative !! Present | |||
| hari || hati || tari || vastah || vatē || vatē || mastah || dahū || ntar | |||
|- | |||
! Preterite | |||
| han || hat || tat || vedah || vetat || vetat || metah || dahūt || ntat | |||
|- | |||
! Future | |||
| haris || hatis || taris || vastas || vatēs || vatēs || mastas || dahūs || ntars | |||
|- | |||
! Present perf. | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the present tense of '''esī''' followed by the '''verbal participle''''' | |||
|- | |||
! Pluperfect | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the preterite tense of '''esī''' followed by the '''verbal participle''''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Conditional !! Present | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''mān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative present''''' | |||
|- | |||
! Preterite | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''mān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative preterite''''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Reputative !! Present | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''kān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative present''''' | |||
|- | |||
! Preterite | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''kān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative preterite''''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Optative | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''mēn''' followed by the verb in the '''1<sup>st</sup>''' or '''3<sup>rd</sup> person indicative present''''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Imperative | |||
| haru || hut || taru || dūn || tun || tun || madu || dū || ntu | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="11" | Impersonal forms | |||
|- | |||
! !! !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | Participle !! Verbal | |||
| colspan="2" | hanti || hantā || colspan="2" | hantei || hantoi || colspan="2" | hantēi || hantai | |||
|- | |||
! Present | |||
| hman || hmani || hmanā || colspan="2" | hmanei || hmanoi || hmanei || hmanēi || mhanai | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| it/id || ti/di || tā/dā || colspan="2" | tei/dei || toi/doi || tei/dei || tēi/dēi || tai/dai | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Gerund !! Present | |||
| colspan="9" | huantsi | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| colspan="9" | huese | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Supine | |||
| colspan="9" | huan | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Verbal noun | |||
| colspan="9" | shar | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Testing area 4==== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="11" | Conjugation of X (''English'') - passive | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="11" | Personal forms | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 70px" | !! style="width: 80px" | !! style="width: 100px" | 1 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 2 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 3 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 1 du !! style="width: 100px" | 2 du || style="width: 100px" | 3 du !! style="width: 100px" | 1 pl !! style="width: 100px" | 2 pl !! style="width: 100px" | 3 pl | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | Indicative !! Present | |||
| mari || sari || tori || dori || vari || vari || mori || dari || ntori | |||
|- | |||
! Preterite | |||
| mar || sar || tor || doron || varat || varat || moron || darat || ntorat | |||
|- | |||
! Future | |||
| maris || saris || toris || doris || varis || varis || moris || daris || ntoris | |||
|- | |||
! Present perf. | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the present tense of '''esī''' followed by the '''verbal participle''''' | |||
|- | |||
! Pluperfect | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the preterite tense of '''esī''' followed by the '''verbal -participle''''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Conditional !! Present | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''mān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative present''''' | |||
|- | |||
! Preterite | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''mān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative preterite''''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Reputative !! Present | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''kān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative present''''' | |||
|- | |||
! Preterite | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''kān''' followed by the verb in the '''indicative preterite''''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Optative | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the particle '''mēn''' followed by the verb in the '''1<sup>st</sup>''' or '''3<sup>rd</sup> person indicative present''''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Imperative | |||
| maru || rut || toru || dūr || run || run || moru || rū || ntū | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="11" | Impersonal forms | |||
|- | |||
! !! !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Participle !! Verbal | |||
| colspan="2" | ranti || rantā || colspan="2" | rantei || rantoi || colspan="2" | rantēi || rantai | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| it/id || ti/di || tā/dā || colspan="2" | tei/dei || toi/doi || tei/dei || tēi/dēi || tai/dai | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Gerund !! Present | |||
| colspan="9" | ruantsi | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| colspan="9" | ruese | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Supine | |||
| colspan="9" | ruan | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Verbal noun | |||
| colspan="9" | shar | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Testing area 5==== | |||
{{qhk-v-a-a|lāg|a|e|a|harkā|u|a|a}} | |||
{{qhk-v-m|lāg|a|e|av|ev|lāgid|lāgd|lāgah}} | |||
{{qhk-v-p|lāg|a|e|ev|lāgid|lāgd}} | |||
[[Category:Harākti]] | [[Category:Harākti]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:57, 15 September 2013
Harākti verbal system is in general simpler than that of Latin or Sanskrit, but still a bit more complex than its Anatolian sister language, Hittite. This page covers most of the various congjugation parradigms of Harākti.
Basic conjugation
| Overview of conjugations | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Person, number |
Active | Mediopassive | Passive | |||
| Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | ||
| Indicative | 1 sg. | -mi/-a | -an | -(a)hari | -(a)han | -(a)mari | -(a)mar |
| 2 sg. | -(e)si | -(e)s | -(e)hati | (e)hat | -(e)sari | -(e)sar | |
| 3 sg. | -(e)ti | -(e)t | -(e)tari | -(e)tat | -(e)tori | -(e)tor | |
| 1 du. | -(a)vē | -(a)ven | -(a)vastah | -(a)vedah | -(a)dori | -(a)doron | |
| 2 du. | -(e)tē | -(e)tan | -(e)vatē | -(e)vetat | -(e)vari | -(e)varat | |
| 3 du. | -(e)tē | -(e)tan | -(e)vatē | -(e)vetat | -(e)vari | -(e)varat | |
| 1 pl. | -(a)mē | -(a)men | -(a)mastah | -(a)metah | -(a)mori | -(a)moron | |
| 2 pl. | -(e)te | -(e)ten | -(e)dahū | -(e)dahūt | -(e)dari | -(e)darat | |
| 3 pl. | -(a)nti | -er | -(a)ntar | -(a)ntat | -(a)ntori | -(a)ntorat | |
| Imperative | 1 sg. | -(a)lu | - | -(a)haru | - | -(a)maru | - |
| 2 sg. | -(e)di/-(ei)e | -(e)hut | -(e)rut | ||||
| 3 sg. | -tu/-u | -(e)taru | -(e)toru | ||||
| 1 du. | -ūn | -(a)dūn | -(a)dūr | ||||
| 2 du. | -(e)ton | -(e)tun | -(e)run | ||||
| 3 du. | -(e)ton | -(e)tun | -(e)run | ||||
| 1 pl. | -(a)mu | -(a)madu | -(a)moru | ||||
| 2 pl. | -(e)tū | -(e)dū | -(e)rū | ||||
| 3 pl. | -(a)ndu | -(a)ntu | -(a)ntū | ||||
Other tenses, aspects and moods:
- future: -s (added to the present forms)
- progressive-iterative: -re-
- habitual-durative: -sk-
- causative: -nen- (→ -ne-/-nu-/-neu-)
- conditional: mān (plus normally conjugated verb)
- optative: mēn (plus normally conjugated verb)
- reputative: kān (plus normally conjugated verb)
Impersonal forms:
- present active gerund: -(a)uantsi (indeclinable)
- past active gerund: -vese/-uese (indeclinable)
- present active participle: -(a)man (declined as adjectives)
- past active participle verbal: -(a)nt- (forming tenses)
- past active participle adjectival: -(a)mantsi (declined as adjectives)
- past passive participle: -it/-id (declined as adjectives)
- infinitives: -ā/-ī (active), -hī (mediopassive), -rī (passive)
- supine: -(a)uan
- verbal noun: -atar/-(e)shar (7th declension)
Types of conjugation
Type vēdī
Verbs: vēdī see, vādī know
| Type vēdī (to see) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Person, number |
Active | Mediopassive | Passive | |||
| Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | ||
| Indic. | 1 sg. | vēda | vēdan | vēshari | vēshan | vēdlari | vēdlan |
| 2 sg. | vēsi | vēdes | vēshati | vēshat | vēshali | vēdlat | |
| 3 sg. | vēti | vēdet | vēstari | vēstat | vēstali | vēdlet | |
| 1 du. | vēdvē | vēdven | vēdvastah | vēdvedah | vēdvalah | vēdvelah | |
| 2 du. | vēstē | vēdetan | vēdvatē | vēdvetat | vēdvalē | vēdvelat | |
| 3 du. | vēstē | vēdetan | vēdvatē | vēdvetat | vēdvalē | vēdvelat | |
| 1 pl. | vēmē | vēdmen | vēdmastah | vēdmetah | vēdmalah | vēdmelah | |
| 2 pl. | vēste | vēdeten | vēdahū | vēdahūt | vēdalū | vēdalūt | |
| 3 pl. | vēnti | vēdant | vēntar | vēntat | vēdlanti | vēdlant | |
| Imper. | 1 sg. | vēlu | - | vēsharu | - | vēdlaru | - |
| 2 sg. | vēdi | vēshut | vēdlut | ||||
| 3 sg. | vēdu | vēstaru | vēstalu | ||||
| 1 du. | vēdūn | vēdūn | vēdvaluh | ||||
| 2 du. | vēston | vēstun | vēdvalū | ||||
| 3 du. | vēston | vēstun | vēdvalū | ||||
| 1 pl. | vēdmu | vēdmadu | vēdmaluh | ||||
| 2 pl. | vēstei | vēdū | vēdalū | ||||
| 3 pl. | vēndu | vēntu | vēdlantu | ||||
| Future | vēdas | vēsharis | vēdlaris | ||||
| Progressive-iterative | vēdremi | vēdran, vēdres |
vēdrehari | vēdrehan | vēdrelari | vēdrelan | |
| Habitual-durative | vēdeska | vēdeskan | vēdeskahari | vēdeskahan | vēdeskalari | vēdeskalan | |
| Causative | vēdnumi | vēdneuan | vēdnuhari | vēdnuhan | vēdnulari | vēdnulan | |
| Conditional | vēdohmi | vēdohan | vēdohahari | vēdohahan | vēdohlari | vēdohlan | |
| Optative | vēdīmi | vēdīan | vēdīhari | vēdīhan | vēdīlari | vēdīlan | |
| Conditional-optative | vēdahmi | vēdihan | vēdihahari | vēdihahan | vēdahlari | vēdihlan | |
| Impersonal forms | |||||||
| Gerund | present active | vēduente | |||||
| past active | vēdvese | ||||||
| Participle | present active | vēdmano | |||||
| past active | vēdon | ||||||
| Supine | vēduan | ||||||
| Infinitive | active | vēdā | |||||
| mediopassive | vēdahī | ||||||
| passive | vēdlā | ||||||
| Nominalised verb | vēdo | ||||||
Testing area
Testing area 1
| Conjugation of X (English) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood | Person, number |
Active | Passive | ||||
| Present | Preterite | Future | Present | Preterite | Future | ||
| Indic. | 1 sg. | mi/a | an | mis | mari | mar | maris |
| 2 sg. | si | s | sis | sari | sar | saris | |
| 3 sg. | ti | t | tis | tori | tor | toris | |
| 1 du. | vē | ven | vēs | dori | doran | doris | |
| 2 du. | tē | tan | tēs | vari | varat | varis | |
| 3 du. | tē | tan | tēs | vari | varat | varis | |
| 1 pl. | mē | men | mēs | mori | moron | moris | |
| 2 pl. | te | ten | tes | dari | darat | daris | |
| 3 pl. | nti | er | ntis | ntori | ntorat | ntoris | |
| Imper. | 1 sg. | lu | - | maru | - | ||
| 2 sg. | e | rut | |||||
| 3 sg. | u | toru | |||||
| 1 du. | ūn | dūr | |||||
| 2 du. | ton | run | |||||
| 3 du. | ton | run | |||||
| 1 pl. | mu | moru | |||||
| 2 pl. | tū | rū | |||||
| 3 pl. | andu | ntū | |||||
| Impersonal forms | |||||||
| Gerund | present active | uantsi | |||||
| past active | vese | ||||||
| Participle | present active | man | |||||
| past active verbal | nt- | ||||||
| past active adjectival | mantsi | ||||||
| past passive | it/id | ||||||
| Infinitive | active | ā/ī | |||||
| mediopassive | hī | ||||||
| passive | rī | ||||||
| Supine | uan | ||||||
| Nominalised verb | atar/shar | ||||||
Testing area 2
| Conjugation of X (English) - active | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal forms | ||||||||||
| 1 sg | 2 sg | 3 sg | 1 du | 2 du | 3 du | 1 pl | 2 pl | 3 pl | ||
| Indicative | Present | mi/a | si | ti | vē | tē | tē | mē | te | nti |
| Preterite | an | s | t | ven | tan | tan | men | ten | er | |
| Future | mis/as | sis | tis | vēs | tēs | tēs | mēs | tes | ntis | |
| Present perf. | use the present tense of harkā/esī followed by the verbal participle | |||||||||
| Pluperfect | use the preterite tense of harkā/esī followed by the verbal participle | |||||||||
| Conditional | Present | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Reputative | Present | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Optative | use the particle mēn followed by the verb in the 1st or 3rd person indicative present | |||||||||
| Imperative | lu | di/e | tu/u | ūn | ton | ton | mu | tū | ndu | |
| Impersonal forms | ||||||||||
| masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | ||
| Participle | Verbal | nti | ntā | ntei | ntoi | ntēi | ntai | |||
| Present | man | mani | manā | manei | manoi | manei | manēi | manai | ||
| Past | mansti | manstā | mantsei | mantsoi | mantsei | mantsēi | mantsai | |||
| Gerund | Present | uantsi | ||||||||
| Past | uese | |||||||||
| Supine | uan | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | atar | |||||||||
Testing area 3
| Conjugation of X (English) - mediopassive | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal forms | ||||||||||
| 1 sg | 2 sg | 3 sg | 1 du | 2 du | 3 du | 1 pl | 2 pl | 3 pl | ||
| Indicative | Present | hari | hati | tari | vastah | vatē | vatē | mastah | dahū | ntar |
| Preterite | han | hat | tat | vedah | vetat | vetat | metah | dahūt | ntat | |
| Future | haris | hatis | taris | vastas | vatēs | vatēs | mastas | dahūs | ntars | |
| Present perf. | use the present tense of esī followed by the verbal participle | |||||||||
| Pluperfect | use the preterite tense of esī followed by the verbal participle | |||||||||
| Conditional | Present | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Reputative | Present | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Optative | use the particle mēn followed by the verb in the 1st or 3rd person indicative present | |||||||||
| Imperative | haru | hut | taru | dūn | tun | tun | madu | dū | ntu | |
| Impersonal forms | ||||||||||
| masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | ||
| Participle | Verbal | hanti | hantā | hantei | hantoi | hantēi | hantai | |||
| Present | hman | hmani | hmanā | hmanei | hmanoi | hmanei | hmanēi | mhanai | ||
| Past | it/id | ti/di | tā/dā | tei/dei | toi/doi | tei/dei | tēi/dēi | tai/dai | ||
| Gerund | Present | huantsi | ||||||||
| Past | huese | |||||||||
| Supine | huan | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | shar | |||||||||
Testing area 4
| Conjugation of X (English) - passive | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal forms | ||||||||||
| 1 sg | 2 sg | 3 sg | 1 du | 2 du | 3 du | 1 pl | 2 pl | 3 pl | ||
| Indicative | Present | mari | sari | tori | dori | vari | vari | mori | dari | ntori |
| Preterite | mar | sar | tor | doron | varat | varat | moron | darat | ntorat | |
| Future | maris | saris | toris | doris | varis | varis | moris | daris | ntoris | |
| Present perf. | use the present tense of esī followed by the verbal participle | |||||||||
| Pluperfect | use the preterite tense of esī followed by the verbal -participle | |||||||||
| Conditional | Present | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Reputative | Present | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Optative | use the particle mēn followed by the verb in the 1st or 3rd person indicative present | |||||||||
| Imperative | maru | rut | toru | dūr | run | run | moru | rū | ntū | |
| Impersonal forms | ||||||||||
| masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | ||
| Participle | Verbal | ranti | rantā | rantei | rantoi | rantēi | rantai | |||
| Past | it/id | ti/di | tā/dā | tei/dei | toi/doi | tei/dei | tēi/dēi | tai/dai | ||
| Gerund | Present | ruantsi | ||||||||
| Past | ruese | |||||||||
| Supine | ruan | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | shar | |||||||||
Testing area 5
| Conjugation of lāgā - active | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal forms | ||||||||||
| 1 sg | 2 sg | 3 sg | 1 du | 2 du | 3 du | 1 pl | 2 pl | 3 pl | ||
| Indicative | Present | lāga | lāgesi | lāgeti | lāgavē | lāgetē | lāgetē | lāgamē | lāgete | lāganti |
| Preterite | lāgan | lāges | lāget | lāgaven | lāgetan | lāgetan | lāgamen | lāgeten | lāger | |
| Future | lāgas | lāgesis | lāgetis | lāgavēs | lāgetēs | lāgetēs | lāgamēs | lāgetes | lāgantis | |
| Pres. perf. | use the present tense of harkā followed by the verbal participle | |||||||||
| Pluperfect | use the preterite tense of harkā followed by the verbal participle | |||||||||
| Conditional | Present | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Reputative | Present | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Optative | use the particle mēn followed by the verb in the 1st or 3rd person indicative present | |||||||||
| Imperative | lāgalu | lāge | lāgu | lāgūn | lāgeton | lāgeton | lāgamu | lāgetū | lāgandu | |
| Impersonal forms | ||||||||||
| masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | ||
| Participle | Verbal | lāganti | lāgantā | lāgantei | lāgantoi | lāgantēi | lāgantai | |||
| Present | lāgman | lāgmani | lāgmanā | lāgmanei | lāgmanoi | lāgmanei | lāgmanēi | lāgmanai | ||
| Past | lāgmantsi | lāgmantsā | lāgmantsei | lāgmantsoi | lāgmantsei | lāgmantsēi | lāgmantsai | |||
| Gerund | Present | lāguantsi | ||||||||
| Past | lāguese | |||||||||
| Infinitive | lāgā | |||||||||
| Supine | lāguan | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | lāgatar | |||||||||
| Conjugation of lāgahī - mediopassive | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal forms | ||||||||||
| 1 sg | 2 sg | 3 sg | 1 du | 2 du | 3 du | 1 pl | 2 pl | 3 pl | ||
| Indicative | Present | lāgahari | lāgehati | lāgetari | lāgavastah | lāgevatē | lāgevatē | lāgamastah | lāgedahū | lāgantar |
| Preterite | lāgahan | lāgehat | lāgetat | lāgavedah | lāgevetat | lāgevetat | lāgametah | lāgedahūt | lāgantat | |
| Future | lāgaharis | lāgehatis | lāgetaris | lāgavastas | lāgevatēs | lāgevatēs | lāgamastas | lāgedahūs | lāgantars | |
| Pres. perf. | use the present tense of esī followed by the verbal participle | |||||||||
| Pluperfect | use the preterite tense of esī followed by the verbal participle | |||||||||
| Conditional | Present | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Reputative | Present | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Optative | use the particle mēn followed by the verb in the 1st or 3rd person indicative present | |||||||||
| Imperative | lāgaharu | lāgehut | lāgetaru | lāgadūn | lāgetun | lāgetun | lāgamadu | lāgedū | lāgantu | |
| Impersonal forms | ||||||||||
| masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | ||
| Participle | Verbal | lāgahanti | lāgahantā | lāgahantei | lāgahantoi | lāgahantēi | lāgahantai | |||
| Present | lāgahman | lāgahmani | lāgahmanā | lāgahmanei | lāgahmanoi | lāgahmanei | lāgahmanēi | lāgahmanai | ||
| Past | lāgid | lāgdi | lāgdā | lāgdei | lāgdoi | lāgdei | lāgdēi | lāgdai | ||
| Gerund | Present | lāgahuantsi | ||||||||
| Past | lāgahuese | |||||||||
| Infinitive | lāgahī | |||||||||
| Supine | lāgahuan | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | lāgashar | |||||||||
| Conjugation of lāgarī - passive | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal forms | ||||||||||
| 1 sg | 2 sg | 3 sg | 1 du | 2 du | 3 du | 1 pl | 2 pl | 3 pl | ||
| Indicative | Present | lāgamari | lāgesari | lāgetori | lāgadori | lāgevari | lāgevari | lāgamori | lāgedari | lāgantori |
| Preterite | lāgamar | lāgesar | lāgetor | lāgadoron | lāgevarat | lāgevarat | lāgamoron | lāgedarat | lāgantorat | |
| Future | lāgamaris | lāgesaris | lāgetoris | lāgadoris | lāgevaris | lāgevaris | lāgamoris | lāgedaris | lāgantoris | |
| Pres. perf. | use the present tense of esī followed by the verbal participle | |||||||||
| Pluperfect | use the preterite tense of esī followed by the verbal participle | |||||||||
| Conditional | Present | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle mān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Reputative | Present | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative present | ||||||||
| Preterite | use the particle kān followed by the verb in the indicative preterite | |||||||||
| Optative | use the particle mēn followed by the verb in the 1st or 3rd person indicative present | |||||||||
| Imperative | lāgamaru | lāgerut | lāgetoru | lāgadūr | lāgerun | lāgerun | lāgamoru | lāgerū | lāgantū | |
| Impersonal forms | ||||||||||
| masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | ||
| Participle | Verbal | lāgaranti | lāgarantā | lāgarantei | lāgarantoi | lāgarantēi | lāgarantai | |||
| Past | lāgid | lāgdi | lāgdā | lāgdei | lāgdoi | lāgdei | lāgdēi | lāgdai | ||
| Gerund | Present | lāgaruantsi | ||||||||
| Past | lāgaruese | |||||||||
| Infinitive | lāgarī | |||||||||
| Supine | lāgaruan | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | lāgashar | |||||||||