|
|
| (47 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| '''Al-Ȝarebydda''' is an alternative history descendant of Classical Arabic inspired by Welsh and Praimhín's Vrushka; it is intended to be a Welshy counterpart to our Arabic which is more Irishy (Irish has lots of a, á, í, ú; velarization; some suffixes like -án, -ún, -ín, -ú, -(a)í, -t(e)á, -anna, ...)
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Diachronics==
| |
| Conditioning factors: before or after emphatic consonants, stress
| |
|
| |
| Umlaut (before non-emphatic consonants)
| |
| *a-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /a e o a: e: o: ai au/
| |
| *i-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /ɛ i ü e: i: ü: ɛi aü/ (a: > e: already by imāla)
| |
| *u-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /œ ü u œ: ü: u: ɔi ɛu/
| |
|
| |
| Loss of vowel length after umlaut; loss of geminates
| |
|
| |
| alif > 0
| |
|
| |
| yā' > /ð/ ''ddai''
| |
|
| |
| ḍād > /ɬ/ ''llawd''
| |
|
| |
| sīn, shīn, ṣād > /s ʃ ɧ/ ''sin, šin, sjawd''
| |
|
| |
| ṭā' > /p/ ex. ''ṭayyib'' > ''peddyb'' /pɛðəb/ 'good'
| |
|
| |
| tā' > /t/
| |
|
| |
| ẓā' > /ð/, /v/, /ɣ/ (randomly) ex. ''ghebi'' /ɣɛbi/ 'gazelle'; ''fwhr'' /vuhər/ 'noon'
| |
|
| |
| qāf > /k/ ''c'', kāf > /tʃ/ ''č''
| |
|
| |
| jīm > /g/
| |
|
| |
| fā > /v/
| |
|
| |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| ===Consonants===
| |
|
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2"| !! Labial !! Dental/Alveolar !! Medial !! Palatal !! Velar !! Radical!! Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2"|Nasal
| |
| | '''m''' /m/
| |
| | '''n''' /n/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2"|Plosive
| |
| !<small>plain</small>
| |
| | '''p''' /pʰ/
| |
| | '''t''' /tʰ/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''ĉ''' /tʃ/
| |
| | '''c''' /kʰ/ ||
| |
| | '''ʔ''' /ʔ/
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | '''b''' /b/
| |
| | '''d''' /d/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''g''' /g/ ||
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2"|Non-sibilant
| |
| !<small>unvoiced</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''th''' /θ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''ch''' /χ/ || '''ħ''' /ħ/ || '''h''' /h/
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | '''f''' /v/
| |
| | '''dd''' /ð/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''gh''' /ʁ/ || '''ȝ''' /ʕ/ ||
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2"|Sibilant
| |
| !<small>unvoiced</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''s''' /s/
| |
| | '''sj''' /ɧ/
| |
| | '''ŝ''' /ʃ/ || ||
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''z''' /z/ || || || || ||
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2"| Lateral
| |
| !<small>unvoiced</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''ll''' /ɬ/
| |
| |
| |
| | || ||
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''l''' /l/ || ||
| |
| | || ||
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2"| Trill
| |
| |
| |
| | '''r''' /r/ || ||
| |
| | || ||
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| '''a e i o w y ø u''' /a ɛ i ɔ u ə œ y/ + lots of diphthongs
| |
| ===Stress===
| |
| Always penultimate
| |
|
| |
| ==Morphology==
| |
| ===Nouns and adjectives===
| |
| 'goodness':
| |
| *sg. ''choer, chaer, cheir''
| |
| *pl. ''chyddoer'', ''chyddaer'', ''chyddeir'' (broken plural, triptote)
| |
|
| |
| try to save as much declension as possible
| |
|
| |
| '''-a/-a/-e''' (feminine)
| |
|
| |
| '''-o/-ae''' (nom), '''-ei''' (m. dual)
| |
|
| |
| '''-tae''' (f. dual)
| |
|
| |
| '''-w/-i''' (masculine plural)
| |
|
| |
| '''-ot/-aet''' (feminine plural)
| |
|
| |
| ''ʔaxḍar, xaḍrā, xuḍr'' is regularized to ''ʔachllar, ʔachllara, ʔachllaro, ʔachllartae, ʔachllarw, ʔachllarot'' 'green'
| |
|
| |
| broken plurals - ?
| |
|
| |
| ===Verbs===
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Semitic languages]]
| |