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'''Thoschian''' | '''Thoschian''' /θoʃˑɪən/ is the main language of easternmost Herooku. Created for the fantasy world of Grundet by [[User:Juhhmi|juhhmi]]. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 720px; text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 90px; "| | |||
! style="width: 70px; " |Bilabial | |||
! style="width: 70px; " |Labio-dental | |||
! style="width: 70px; " |Dental | |||
! style="width: 70px; " |Alveolar | |||
! style="width: 70px; " |Post-alveolar | |||
! style="width: 70px; " |Palatal | |||
! style="width: 70px; " |Velar | |||
! style="width: 70px; " |Uvular | |||
! style="width: 70px; " |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Nasal | |||
| '''m''' <br />m | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''n''' <br />n | |||
| | |||
|''' nj''' <br />ɲ | |||
|''' ng''' <br />ŋ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Plosive | |||
| '''p b'''<br />p b | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''' t d'''<br />t d | |||
| | |||
| '''tj dj'''<br />c ɟ | |||
| '''k g'''<br />k g | |||
| '''q''' <br />q | |||
| ''' ' ''' <br />ʔ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Fricative | |||
| | |||
| '''f v'''<br />f v | |||
|''' th dh'''<br />θ ð | |||
| '''s z'''<br />s z | |||
| '''sch zj'''<br />ʃ ʒ | |||
|''' h j'''<br />ç ʝ | |||
| '''ch'''<br />x | |||
|''' hq'''<br />χ | |||
| '''h'''<br />h | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Trill | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''' r'''<br />r | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''rq'''<br />ʀ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Lateral app. | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''l'''<br />l | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
*Fricatives: /h/ appears with back vowels and /ç/ with front vowels. | |||
*Word final voiced consonants are reduced into voiceless unless followed by a word beginning with another voiced consonant: ''lag tesch'' /lak teʃ/ vs. ''lag durni'' /lag durni/ | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 255px; text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 90px; "| | |||
! style="width: 55px; " |Front | |||
! style="width: 55px; " |Central | |||
! style="width: 55px; " |Back | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| | |||
| '''ni'''<br>ɨ | |||
| '''u'''<br>u | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Near-Close | |||
| '''i'''<br>ɪ | |||
| | |||
| u<br>ʊ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close-Mid | |||
| '''no'''<br>ø | |||
| | |||
| '''o'''<br>o | |||
|- | |||
!style="" |Mid | |||
|'''e'''<br>e | |||
|e/o<br>ə | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open-mid | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''a o'''<br>ʌ ɔ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Near-open | |||
| | |||
| a<br>ɐ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| '''na'''<br>a | |||
| | |||
| '''a'''<br>ɑ | |||
|} | |||
*Unstressed reduction of vowels. | |||
*Stressed ''a'' is ''qento'' "deep" /ɑ/ after all velar, uvular and glottal consonants and after voiced consonants (except for ''d'') and ''miteh'' "shallow" /ʌ/ after the rest of the voiceless consonants. Similarly with ''o'', the pronunciation varies between "deep" /ɔ/ and "shallow" /o/. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
* | ===Native=== | ||
*''no'' | |||
Influence from both Goldhearts and Ancient Kher Empire led to the birth of a combination of alphabet and syllabary systems derived from Rinapri logographs and nowadays written from right to left. | |||
===Romanization=== | |||
*Trigraphs written with or without the ''c'': ''kch'' /kx/, ''sch'' /ʃ/ | |||
**Marked, if matters: ''lashe'' /lʌsˈçe/ (sprinkle; vernacularly [ˈlʌ.ɕˑe]) vs. ''lasche'' /ˈlʌ.ʃe/ (conviction) | |||
*Former nasals: ''no'' /ø/, ''ni'' /ɨ/, ''na'' /a/ | |||
==Grammar== | |||
Characteristic to an East-Herookuan language: | |||
[[Category:Ideas]] | [[Category:Ideas]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:58, 30 September 2014
Thoschian /θoʃˑɪən/ is the main language of easternmost Herooku. Created for the fantasy world of Grundet by juhhmi.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m m |
n n |
nj ɲ |
ng ŋ |
|||||
| Plosive | p b p b |
t d t d |
tj dj c ɟ |
k g k g |
q q |
' ʔ | |||
| Fricative | f v f v |
th dh θ ð |
s z s z |
sch zj ʃ ʒ |
h j ç ʝ |
ch x |
hq χ |
h h | |
| Trill | r r |
rq ʀ |
|||||||
| Lateral app. | l l |
- Fricatives: /h/ appears with back vowels and /ç/ with front vowels.
- Word final voiced consonants are reduced into voiceless unless followed by a word beginning with another voiced consonant: lag tesch /lak teʃ/ vs. lag durni /lag durni/
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ni ɨ |
u u | |
| Near-Close | i ɪ |
u ʊ | |
| Close-Mid | no ø |
o o | |
| Mid | e e |
e/o ə |
|
| Open-mid | a o ʌ ɔ | ||
| Near-open | a ɐ |
||
| Open | na a |
a ɑ |
- Unstressed reduction of vowels.
- Stressed a is qento "deep" /ɑ/ after all velar, uvular and glottal consonants and after voiced consonants (except for d) and miteh "shallow" /ʌ/ after the rest of the voiceless consonants. Similarly with o, the pronunciation varies between "deep" /ɔ/ and "shallow" /o/.
Orthography
Native
Influence from both Goldhearts and Ancient Kher Empire led to the birth of a combination of alphabet and syllabary systems derived from Rinapri logographs and nowadays written from right to left.
Romanization
- Trigraphs written with or without the c: kch /kx/, sch /ʃ/
- Marked, if matters: lashe /lʌsˈçe/ (sprinkle; vernacularly [ˈlʌ.ɕˑe]) vs. lasche /ˈlʌ.ʃe/ (conviction)
- Former nasals: no /ø/, ni /ɨ/, na /a/
Grammar
Characteristic to an East-Herookuan language: