Dãterške: Difference between revisions

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{{Classmeter
{{Classmeter
|Name = Danterske
|Name = Danterske
|NativeName = Дантэршкэ
|NativeName = Даңтэршкэ
|Type = Agglutinative
|Type = Agglutinative
|Alignment = Ergative-absolutive
|Alignment = Ergative-absolutive
Line 53: Line 53:
}}
}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name = Danterske
| name = Danterian
| nativename = Дантэршкэ<br>Дантэрскэ атӕжӀұец
| altname = Dãterške, Danterske
| pronunciation = /{{IPA|t̬antʰɛrʃkʰɛ}}/<br>/{{IPA|t̬antʰɛrskʰɛ atʰəʒd͡ʒyjet͡n̥}}/
| nativename = Даңтэршкэ<br>Даңтэрскэ атӕҗӀұец
| pronunciation = {{IPA|t̬ãtʰɛrʃkʰɛ}}<br>{{IPA|t̬ãtʰɛrskʰɛ atʰəʒd͡ʒyjet͡n̥}}
| familycolor = altaic
| familycolor = altaic
| fam1 = [[Constructed_language#a_priori_language|A priori languages]]
| fam1 = [[A priori language]]
| creator = [[User:Учхљёная|Elliott Wheeler]]
| creator = [[User:Учхљёная|Elliott Wheeler]]
| script = Cyrillic (Danterian alphabet)
| script = Cyrillic ([[Dãterške language#Orthography|Danterian alphabet]])
| iso3 = dle
| nation = [[Verse:Danterlokhan|Danterlokhan]]
| setting = [[Verse:Danterlokhan]]
| clcr = qdt
| image = Flag of Danterlĕxan.png
| imagecaption = The official flag of the Scientific Nation of Danterlokhan.
}}
}}
'''Dãterške''' (Дантэршкэ, Дантэрскэ атӕжӀұец) is a language created by [[User:Учхљёная|Elliott Wheeler]] originally desiğned to suit the needs of the scientific community. Due to several drastic changes during the course of its development, the language is loosely based off of [[:w:Altiac languages|Proto-Altaic]], various [[:w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], and her native idiolect of English, but is ultimately [[:w:Constructed_language#a_priori_language|a priori]].
'''Dãterške''' (Даңтэршкэ, Даңтэрскэ атӕҗӀұец), also known as '''Danterian''' (English calque) and '''Danterske''', is an [[auxiliary language|auxillary]] and attempted [[logical language]] created by [[User:Учхљёная|Elliott Wheeler]] originally designed to be a common language for the scientific community.


<!--
Its original purpose was for a significant portion of its morphology was to be comprised of native terms and grammar for scientific terms, technical jargon, and physical processes. It's also designed to lack synonyms as much as possible for inherent goal of disambiguation, which albeit made it relatively difficult to use colloquially. Nevertheless, since then I have been trying to adapt it as a more naturalistic language with an actual constructed culture.


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
Due to several drastic changes during the course of its development, along with being the first language I created, the language is loosely based off of a variety of sources, such as [[:w:Altaic languages|Proto-Altaic]], the [[:w:Slavic languages|Slavic languages]], the [[:w:Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest-Caucasian languages]], a tad bit of German, and my native idiolect of English, but is ultimately [[A priori|a priori]].
 
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
 
-->


==Introduction==
==Introduction==
===Creation history===
The exact date of the language's inspiration remains unknown, but the project probably began on 26-9-12015 (September 26, 2015) with a document titled "Danterian Language", which featured an abecedarium of a bicameral Cyrillic-, Armenian-, & Latin-based alphabetic script, what appears to be an English approximation for the sound each represented, and a set of orthographic conventions. Featured below is the alphabet copied verbatim from the document.
{|style="text-align:center;"
|-
|Æ
|E
|A
|B
|C
|Д
|Њ
|F
|G
|H
|N
|J
|K
|L
|M
|I
|O
|♇
|Ꝗ
|R
|S
|Ð
|T
|U
|V
|Щ
|Ж
|ß
|Y
|Z
|-
|æ
|є
|a
|Б/ƃ
|c
|Δ
|ђ
|f
|դ
|h
|и
|j
|k
|l
|m
|ն
|o
|ꝑ
|ꝗ
|r
|s
|þ
|t
|μ
|v
|щ
|ж
|β
|y
|ƶ
|-
|(ae)
|(e)
|(a)
|(b)
|(c)
|(d)
|(ny)
|(f)
|(g)
|(h)
|(i)
|(j)
|(k)
|(l)
|(m)
|(n)
|(o)
|(p)
|(q)
|(r)
|(s)
|(th)
|(t)
|(u)
|(v)
|(w)
|(zh)
|(sz)
|(y)
|(z)
|}
More letters were almost certainly added later. This was probably an attempt of an English spelling reform that I decided to create as I was learning linguistics, but this project then evolved into an entirely separate language that I decided to develop as my interest in linguistics
and conlangs grew. This was when the language started to deviate from its goal, the language became something of a sketchbook for developing ideas I came up with as I was learning.


<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
As the language grew, the document where I stored the language's lexicon was named after its first proper word, [[Contionary:кражңа#Dãterške|кражңа]], literally translating as "The Index of the Frontier" (Кљіха ды Кражңа). At the time of writing this, the index lists approximately 967 morphemes. This is probably enough of the language to derive a dictionary from such, but it should be noted that various crucial notes and sketches are recorded elsewhere.


<!-- Example categories/headings:
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
-->
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
-->
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
The orthography of Dãterške is a monocase [[:w:Russian orthography|Russian]]-inspired Cyrillic alphabet, and is mostly phonemic, in that each letter corresponds directly to a single sound or modification on a sound (such as [◌ʼ], [◌ˤ], [◌̃], etC). It's important to note that, unlike many languages, certain modifications (besides nasalization, ң) represent phonemes to themselves and not merely modifiers for a grapheme or phoneme. However, an exception to both prior exceptions stated here is the usage of the digraphs «щӀ» & «җӀ» to represent the consonantal sequences /ʃt͡ʃ/ & /ʒd͡ʒ/, respectively.
Because of its relatively large phonemic inventory, the language had to use relatively unconventional uses and extensions for the letters in modern Cyrillic. This, combined with its monocase typography & usage of circum-sentence punctuation in a manner standardized from Spanish, makes a uniquely recognizable written language. Listed below are all of the characters in the alphabet, associated values, and letter names in IPA and Latin, in no particular order due to the lack of any strict alphabetical order for the language.
{| class="sortable bluetable" style="background:white; text-align:left;"
{| class="sortable bluetable" style="background:white; text-align:left;"
|-
|-
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! Letter Name
! Letter Name
! IPA Letter Name
! IPA Letter Name
! [[:w:ISO 9|Scientific<br>Latin transliteration]]
! Latin transliteration
|-
|-
| Ӏ
| Ӏ
| /◌ʼ/
|rowspan=2| /◌ʼ/, /ʡ/~[ʔ]
| <i>пӀ'алєчһа</i>
| <i>пӀалєчһа</i>
| /{{IPA|pʼʡalot͡ʃħa}}/
| /{{IPA|pʼalot͡ʃħa}}/
| ‡ (ʼ)
|rowspan=2| '
|-
|-
| '
| '
| /ʡ/~[ʔ]
| <i>нруцӕфих пӀалєчһа</i>
| <i>нруцӕфих пӀ'алєчһа</i>
| /{{IPA|nrut͡n̥əfɪx pʼalot͡ʃħa}}/
| /{{IPA|nrut͡n̥əfɪx pʼʡalot͡ʃħa}}/
| ʔ '
|-
|-
| і
| і
| /ʲi/
| /ʲi/
| <i>пӀ'алєчһих і</i>
| <i>пӀалєчһих і</i>
| /{{IPA|pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx iː}}/
| /{{IPA|pʼalot͡ʃħɪx iː}}/
| İ i
| İ i
|-
|-
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| <i>нруцӕфих ӑа</i>
| <i>нруцӕфих ӑа</i>
| /{{IPA|nrut͡n̥əfɪx ʕa}}/
| /{{IPA|nrut͡n̥əfɪx ʕa}}/
| Ă ă (ʕ ʿ)
| ʕ ʿ
|-
|-
| я
| я
| /ʲɒ/
| /ʲɒ/
| <i>я</i>
| <i>я</i>
| /{{IPA|ɒ}}/
| /{{IPA|ɒː}}/
| Â â
| Â â
|-
|-
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| <i>ӕ</i>
| <i>ӕ</i>
| /{{IPA|ə}}/
| /{{IPA|ə}}/
| Ä ä (Ə ə)
| Ə ə
|-
|-
| э
| э
Line 176: Line 256:
| /ʲo/
| /ʲo/
| <i>є</i>
| <i>є</i>
| /{{IPA|o}}/
| /{{IPA|oː}}/
| Ĕ ĕ (Ô ô)
| Ô ô
|-
|-
| е
| е
| /ʲe/
| /ʲe/
| <i>е</i>
| <i>е</i>
| /{{IPA|e}}/
| /{{IPA|eː}}/
| Ê ê
| Ê ê
|-
|-
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| /ʲø/~[ʲɵ]
| /ʲø/~[ʲɵ]
| <i>ё'</i> or <i>птрђих ё</i>
| <i>ё'</i> or <i>птрђих ё</i>
| /{{IPA|øʡ}}/ or /{{IPA|pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ø}}/
| /{{IPA|øːʡ}}/ or /{{IPA|pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx øː}}/
| È è
| Ø ø
|-
|-
| и
| и
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| <i>нруцӕфих йи</i>
| <i>нруцӕфих йи</i>
| /{{IPA|nrut͡n̥əfɪx jɪ}}/
| /{{IPA|nrut͡n̥əfɪx jɪ}}/
| Ĭ ĭ (J j)
| J j
|-
|-
| о
| о
| /ʌ/
| /ʌ/
| <i>о</i>
| <i>омь</i>
| /{{IPA|ʌ}}/
| /{{IPA|ʌɱʲ}}/
| O o
| O o
|-
|-
Line 231: Line 311:
| <i>нруцӕфих ўу</i>
| <i>нруцӕфих ўу</i>
| /{{IPA|nrut͡n̥əfɪx wu}}/
| /{{IPA|nrut͡n̥əfɪx wu}}/
| Ŭ ŭ (W w)
| W w
|-
|-
| ұ
| ұ
Line 237: Line 317:
| <i>ұ</i> or <i>пӀ'алєчһих ұ</i>
| <i>ұ</i> or <i>пӀ'алєчһих ұ</i>
| /{{IPA|y}}/ or /{{IPA|pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx y}}/
| /{{IPA|y}}/ or /{{IPA|pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx y}}/
| Ù ù
| Ü ü
|-
|-
| ю
| ю
| /ʲɯ/
| /ʲɯ/
| <i>ю</i>
| <i>ю</i>
| /{{IPA|ɯ}}/
| /{{IPA|ɯː}}/
| Û û
| Û û
|-
|-
Line 271: Line 351:
| ң
| ң
| /◌̃/
| /◌̃/
| <i>р'ьәњӕы эң</i> or <i> пӀ'алєчһих эң</i>
| <i>р'ьәњӕы эң</i> or <i> пӀалєчһих эң</i>
| /{{IPA|rʡʲæɲəɨ ɛ̃}}/ or /{{IPA|pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx ɛ̃}}/
| /{{IPA|rʡʲæɲəɨ ɛ̃}}/ or /{{IPA|pʼalot͡ʃħɪx ɛ̃}}/
| Ņ ņ
| ˜ ◌̃
|-
|-
| ц
| ц
| /t͡n̥/~[θ]
| /t͡n̥/~[θ]
| <i>цэ</i>
| <i>цөд</i>
| /{{IPA|t͡n̥ɛ}}/
| /{{IPA|t͡n̥ɞt̬}}/
| C c
| C c
|-
|-
Line 285: Line 365:
| <i>њэ</i>
| <i>њэ</i>
| /{{IPA|ɲɛ}}/
| /{{IPA|ɲɛ}}/
| N̂ n̂ (Ñ ñ)
| Ñ ñ
|-
|-
| б
| б
Line 315: Line 395:
| <i>эџ</i>
| <i>эџ</i>
| /{{IPA|ɛd͡ʒ}}/
| /{{IPA|ɛd͡ʒ}}/
| D̂ d̂
| Đ đ
|-
|-
| ч
| ч
Line 327: Line 407:
| <i>эђ</i>
| <i>эђ</i>
| /{{IPA|ɛc̬}}/
| /{{IPA|ɛc̬}}/
| Đ đ
| Ĝ ĝ
|-
|-
| ћ
| ћ
Line 335: Line 415:
| Ć ć
| Ć ć
|-
|-
| ӵ
| ҹ
| /c͡ç/
| /c͡ç/
| <i>ӵэ</i>
| <i>ҹэ</i>
| /{{IPA|c͡çɛ}}/
| /{{IPA|c͡çɛ}}/
| C̈ c̈
| Ĉ ĉ
|-
|-
| г
| г
Line 349: Line 429:
| к
| к
| /kʰ/
| /kʰ/
| <i>кэ</i>
| <i>клєм</i>
| /{{IPA|kʰɛ}}/
| /{{IPA|kʰlʲoɱ}}/
| K k
| K k
|-
|-
Line 361: Line 441:
| в
| в
| /v/
| /v/
| <i>ве</i>
| <i>витҍ</i>
| /{{IPA|vʲe}}/
| /{{IPA|vɪtˤʰ}}/
| V v
| V v
|-
|-
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| /f/
| /f/
| <i>еф</i>
| <i>еф</i>
| /{{IPA|ef}}/
| /{{IPA|eːf}}/
| F f
| F f
|-
|-
Line 374: Line 454:
| /z/
| /z/
| <i>зе</i>
| <i>зе</i>
| /{{IPA|z̟ʲe}}/
| /{{IPA|zʲe}}/
| Z z
| Z z
|-
|-
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| /s/
| /s/
| <i>ес</i>
| <i>ес</i>
| /{{IPA|es̟}}/
| /{{IPA|eːs}}/
| S s
| S s
|-
| ԇ
| /sˤ/~[z̥]
| <i>ԇөд</i>
| /{{IPA|sˤɞt̬}}/
| Sz sz
|-
|-
| ж
| ж
Line 398: Line 472:
| /ʃ/
| /ʃ/
| <i>еш</i>
| <i>еш</i>
| /{{IPA|eʃ}}/
| /{{IPA|eːʃ}}/
| Š š
| Š š
|-
|-
Line 404: Line 478:
| /ʝ/
| /ʝ/
| <i>җе</i>
| <i>җе</i>
| /{{IPA|ʝe}}/
| /{{IPA|ʝeː}}/
| Ẑ ẑ
| Ẑ ẑ
|-
|-
Line 410: Line 484:
| /ç/
| /ç/
| <i>ещ</i>
| <i>ещ</i>
| /{{IPA|eç}}/
| /{{IPA|eːç}}/
| Ŝ ŝ
| Ŝ ŝ
|-
|-
Line 417: Line 491:
| <i>ғе</i>
| <i>ғе</i>
| /{{IPA|ɣʲe}}/
| /{{IPA|ɣʲe}}/
| Ġ ġ
| Ƣ ƣ
|-
|-
| х
| х
| /x/
| /x/
| <i>ех</i>
| <i>ех</i>
| /{{IPA|ex}}/
| /{{IPA|eːx}}/
| X x
| X x
|-
|-
| һ
| һ
| /ħ/~[h]
| /ħ/~[h]
| <i>һе</i>
| <i>шһа</i>
| /{{IPA|ħʲe}}/
| /{{IPA|ʃħa}}/
| H h
| H h
|-
|-
Line 434: Line 508:
| /r/~[ɹ]
| /r/~[ɹ]
| <i>ер</i>
| <i>ер</i>
| /{{IPA|er}}/
| /{{IPA|eːr}}/
| R r
| R r
|-
|-
| ь
| ь
| /j/~/◌ʲ/
| /j/~/◌ʲ/
| <i>ьерь</i> or <i>йерь</i>
| <i>йэрь</i>
| /{{IPA|jerʲ}}/
| /{{IPA|jɛrʲ}}/
| ′
| j
|-
|-
| ъ
| ъ
| /w/~/◌ʷ/
| /w/~/◌ʷ/
| <i>ъеръ</i> or <i>ўеръ</i>
| <i>ўэръ</i>
| /{{IPA|werʷ}}/
| /{{IPA|wɛrʷ}}/
| ″
| w
|-
|-
| ҍ
| ҍ
| /ʕ/~/◌ˤ/
| /ʕ/~/◌ˤ/
| <i>ҍерҍ</i> or <i>ӑерҍ</i>
| <i>ӑэрҍ</i>
| /{{IPA|ʕerˤ}}/
| /{{IPA|ʕɛrˤ}}/
| ‴
| ʿ
|-
|-
| л
| л
| /l/~[ɮ]
| /l/~[ɮ]
| <i>ел</i>
| <i>ел</i>
| /{{IPA|el}}/
| /{{IPA|eːl}}/
| L l
| L l
|-
|-
Line 464: Line 538:
| /ʎ/
| /ʎ/
| <i>љер</i>
| <i>љер</i>
| /{{IPA|ʎer}}/
| /{{IPA|ʎeːr}}/
| L̂ l̂ (Ł ł)
| Ł ł
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 473: Line 547:
|+ | Danterške consonant phonemes
|+ | Danterške consonant phonemes
|-
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=2|  
! colspan=2|
! rowspan=2| [[:w:Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
! [[:w:Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
! colspan=2| [[:w:Denti-alveolar consonant|Denti-alveolar]]
! [[:w:Denti-alveolar consonant|Denti-alveolar]]
! rowspan=2| [[:w:Postalveolar consonant|Palato-alveolar]]
! [[:w:Postalveolar consonant|Palato-alveolar]]
! rowspan=2| [[:w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[:w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! rowspan=2| [[:w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[:w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan=2| [[:w:Epiglottal consonant|Pharyngeal/Uvelar]]
! [[:w:Guttural consonant|Guttural]]
|-
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|[[:w:Secondary articulation|2 artic.]]}}
|-
|-
! colspan=2| [[:w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
! colspan=2| [[:w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA|ɱ}} (м)
| {{IPA|ɱ}} (м)
| {{IPA|n}} (н)
| {{IPA|n}} (н)
| {{IPA|t͡n̥}}~{{IPA|θ}} (ц)
|  
|  
| {{IPA|ɲ}} (њ)
| {{IPA|ɲ}} (њ)
Line 494: Line 564:
|-
|-
! rowspan=3| [[:w:Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
! rowspan=3| [[:w:Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
! {{small|[[:w:Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}}
| {{IPA|pʰ}} (п)
| {{IPA|tʰ}} (т)
|
|
| {{IPA|cʰ}} (ћ)
| {{IPA|kʰ}} (к)
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|ʡ}} (')
|-
! {{small|[[:w:Fortis and lenis|lenis]]}}
! {{small|[[:w:Fortis and lenis|lenis]]}}
| {{IPA|p̬}} (б)
| {{IPA|p̬}} (б)
| {{IPA|t̬}} (д)
| {{IPA|t̬}} (д)
|
|
|
| {{IPA|c̬}} (ђ)
| {{IPA|c̬}} (ђ)
| {{IPA|k̬}} (г)
| {{IPA|k̬}} (г)
| {{IPA|ʡ}} (Ӏ,')
|-
|-
! {{small|[[:w:Ejective consonant|ejective]]}}
! {{small|[[:w:Ejective consonant|ejective]]<small><ref name=d group=note>Ejectives are phonemically and graphically considered sequences of Cʡ, however they are listed here to demonstrate all permissible sequences</ref></small>}}
| {{IPA|pʼ}} (пӀ)
| {{IPA|pʼ}} (пӀ)
| {{IPA|tʼ}} (тӀ)
| {{IPA|tʼ}} (тӀ)
|
| {{IPA|t͡ʃʼ}} (чӀ)
| {{IPA|t͡ʃʼ}} (чӀ)
| {{IPA|cʼ}} (ћӀ)
| {{IPA|cʼ}} (ћӀ)
Line 520: Line 580:
| {{IPA|qʼ}} (ҝӀ)
| {{IPA|qʼ}} (ҝӀ)
|-
|-
! {{small|[[:w:Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}}
| {{IPA|pʰ}} (п)
| {{IPA|tʰ}} (т)
|
| {{IPA|cʰ}} (ћ)
| {{IPA|kʰ}} (к)
| rowspan=3| {{IPA|qʰ~q͡χ}} (ҝ)
|-
|-
! rowspan=6| [[:w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! rowspan=5| [[:w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! rowspan=2| {{small|[[:w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
! rowspan=2| {{small|[[:w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|p͡f}} (пф)
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|p͡f}} <small><ref name=c group=note>Mainly attested as a single phoneme in loanwords from German, but this analysis may be extended to native words as well</ref></small> (пф)
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|t͡s}} (тс)
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|t͡n̥}}~{{IPA|t͡θ}}<small><ref name=b group=note>Though /t͡θ/ may be used as an allophone in any context, it naturally occurs in codas, especially word-finally.</ref></small>  (ц)
| rowspan=2|
| {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} (ч)
| {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} (ч)
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|c͡ç}} (ӵ)
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|c͡ç}} (ҹ)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|q͡χ~k͡xʷ}} (ҝ)
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ʃt͡ʃ}} (щӀ)
| {{IPA|ʃt͡ʃ}} (щӀ)
|-
|-
! rowspan=2| {{small|[[:w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
! rowspan=2| {{small|[[:w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|b͡v}} (бв)
| rowspan=2|  
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|d͡z}} (дз)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} (џ)
| {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} (џ)
Line 544: Line 607:
| {{IPA|ʒd͡ʒ}} (җӀ)
| {{IPA|ʒd͡ʒ}} (җӀ)
|-
|-
! rowspan=2| {{small|[[:w:nasal release|nasal release]]}}
! {{small|[[:w:nasal release|nasal release]]}}
| rowspan=2|
|
| {{IPA|t̃ʰ}} (тң)
| colspan=2| {{IPA|t͡ʃ̃ⁿ}} (чң)
| {{IPA|c̃ʰ}} (ћң)
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|g̊ⁿ}} (кң,гң)
| rowspan=2|
|-
| {{IPA|dⁿ~nˑ}} (дң)
| {{IPA|dⁿ~nˑ}} (дң)
| colspan=2| {{IPA|d͡ʒ̃ⁿ}} (џң)
| {{IPA|d͡ʒ̃}} (џң)
| {{IPA|ɟⁿ~ɲˑ}} (ђң)
| {{IPA|ɟⁿ~ɲˑ}} (ђң)
| {{IPA|g̊ⁿ~ŋ}} (кң,гң)
|
|-
|-
! rowspan=4| [[:w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! rowspan=3| [[:w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! {{small|[[:w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
! {{small|[[:w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{IPA|f}} (ф)
| {{IPA|f}} (ф)
| {{IPA|s}}<small><ref name=a group=note>Denti-alveolar consonants, nor any fricatives, are never [[:w:Sibilant|sibilants]].</ref></small> (с)
| {{IPA|s}}<small><ref name=a group=note>No [[:w:Sibilant|hissing sibilants]] technically occur in this language's phonology, these symbols are meant to be interpreted as shorthand for their non-sibilant equivalents and to distinguish from their dental equivalents</ref></small> (с)
| {{IPA|sˤ~z̥}}<small><ref name=a group=note>Denti-alveolar consonants, nor any fricatives, are never [[:w:Sibilant|sibilants]].</ref></small> (ԇ)
| {{IPA|ʃ}} (ш)
| {{IPA|ʃ}} (ш)
| {{IPA|ç}} (щ)
| {{IPA|ç}} (щ)
Line 568: Line 626:
! {{small|[[:w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
! {{small|[[:w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPA|v}} (в)
| {{IPA|v}} (в)
| {{IPA|z}}<small><ref name=a group=note>Denti-alveolar consonants, nor any fricatives, are never [[:w:Sibilant|sibilants]].</ref></small> (з)
| {{IPA|z}}<small><ref name=a group=note /></small> (з)
| {{IPA|zʲ}} (зь)
| {{IPA|ʒ}} (ж)
| {{IPA|ʒ}} (ж)
| {{IPA|ʝ}} (җ)
| {{IPA|ʝ}} (җ)
Line 575: Line 632:
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan=2| {{small|[[:w:Nasalization|nasalized]]}}
! {{small|[[:w:Nasalization|nasalized]]}}
| {{IPA|f̃}} (фң)
| {{IPA|s̃}} (сң)
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|s̃ˤ}} (ԇң)
| {{IPA|ʃ̃}} (шң)
| {{IPA|ç̃}} (щң)
| {{IPA|x̃}} (хң)
| rowspan=2|
|-
| {{IPA|ṽ}} (вң)
| {{IPA|ṽ}} (вң)
| {{IPA|z̃}} (зң)
| {{IPA|z̃}}<small><ref name=a group=note /></small> (зң)
| {{IPA|ʒ̃}} (жң)
| {{IPA|ʒ̃}} (жң)
|
| {{IPA|ʝ̃}} (җң)
| {{IPA|ɣ̃}} (ғң)
|
|
|-
|-
Line 593: Line 643:
|
|
| {{IPA|r~ɹ}} (р)
| {{IPA|r~ɹ}} (р)
| {{IPA|r̃}} (рң)
| {{IPA|ɹ̃}} (рң)
| {{IPA|rʲ}} (рь)
| {{IPA|j}} (ь,й)
| {{IPA|j}} (ь,й)
| {{IPA|w}} (ъ,ў)
| {{IPA|w}} (ъ,ў)
Line 604: Line 653:
| {{IPA|l}}~{{IPA|ɮ}} (л)
| {{IPA|l}}~{{IPA|ɮ}} (л)
|  
|  
|
| {{IPA|ʎ}} (љ)
| {{IPA|ʎ}} (љ)
|
|
Line 612: Line 660:
|
|
| {{IPA|l̃}} (лң)
| {{IPA|l̃}} (лң)
|
|
|
| {{IPA|ʎ̃}} (љң)
| {{IPA|ʎ̃}} (љң)
Line 694: Line 741:
| {{IPA|ə}} (ӕ)
| {{IPA|ə}} (ӕ)
| {{IPA|ɞ}} (ө)
| {{IPA|ɞ}} (ө)
| {{IPA|ʌ}} (о)
|colspan=2| {{IPA|ʌ}}~{{IPA|ɔ}} (о)
|
|-
|-
! {{small|nasal}}
! {{small|nasal}}
Line 702: Line 748:
| {{IPA|ə̃}} (ӕң)
| {{IPA|ə̃}} (ӕң)
| {{IPA|ɞ̃}} (өң)
| {{IPA|ɞ̃}} (өң)
| {{IPA|ʌ̃}} (оң)
|colspan=2| {{IPA|ʌ̃}}~{{IPA|ɔ̃}} (оң)
|
|-
|-
!rowspan=2| [[:w:Near-open vowel|Near-open]]
!rowspan=2| [[:w:Near-open vowel|Near-open]]
Line 715: Line 760:
|-
|-
! {{small|nasal}}
! {{small|nasal}}
| {{IPA|æ̃}} (әң)
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 741: Line 786:


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
The only hard rule of prosody in this language pertains to syllables containing an ава (rough) vowel, which are stressed by default. However, in casual speech, primary stress usually occurs in a somewhat similar manner to English, and is often placed on the initial syllable of a word, and secondary stress is often [[:w:trochee|trochaic]] (placed in repeating patterns of stressed-unstressed) from the beginning of the word
====Intonation====


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
'''Syllable Structure:''' (W/N)(C)<sup>6</sup>(W)<sup>2</sup>V/-P<sup>2</sup>(W)<sup>2</sup>(C)<sup>4</sup>(W/N)<br>
'''Syllable Structure:''' (W/N)(C)<sup>6</sup>(W)<sup>2</sup>V/-P<sup>2</sup>(W)<sup>2</sup>(C)<sup>4</sup>(W/N)<br>
Where:
Where:
*C = Consonant
*C = Consonant
*N = Nasal consonant
*N = Nasal consonant
*P = Syllabic consonant
*-P = Non-plosive
*V = Vowel
*V = Vowel
*W = Semivowel
*W = Semivowel
#/r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/ cannot immediately follow a Palato-alveolar consonant.
#/r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/ cannot immediately follow a palato-alveolar consonant.
#Unstressed /ʲi/, /ʲe/, /ʲø/, /ʲɒ/, /ʲo/, /ʲɯ/ cannot preceed liquids and will become lengthened /ː/ and/or undergo ава-ућу mutation.
#Unstressed /ʲi/, /ʲe/, /ʲø/, /ʲɒ/, /ʲo/, /ʲɯ/ cannot precede liquids and will become lengthened /ː/ and/or undergo ава-ућу mutation.
#Adjacent consonants with multiple similar features may merge (their Places of Articulation).
#Lenis Stops are not released syllable-finally or preceding other Stops.
#Lenis Stops are not released syllable-finally or preceeding other Stops.
#Complex consonant clusters with non-plosives >C<sup>6</sup> become syllabic.
#Complex consonant clusters with non-plosives >C<sup>6</sup> become syllabic.
#/j/, /w/, /ʕ/, /r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/, /l/, /ʎ/, /l̃/, /ʎ̃/, /ʡ/ become devoiced after Aspirated Stops and assimilate with the plosive.
#/j/, /w/, /ʕ/ become devoiced after aspirated Stops and assimilate with the plosive.
#Voiced and unvoiced equivalents of a consonant cannot be adjacent unless at a syllable boundary.
#Fortis and lenis equivalents of a given consonant cannot be adjacent unless at a syllable boundary.
#/t͡n̥l/ cannot occur.
#/t͡n̥l/ cannot occur.
#/ʡ/ cannot immediately follow a voiceless plosive or affricate, forcing the consonant in question to become an ejective


===Ава-ућу vowel correspondence===
===Ава-ућу vowel correspondence===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
{| class="bluetable" style=text-align:center
|+Dãterške vowel mutation
|+Dãterške vowel mutation
!rowspan=1| Series #
!rowspan=1| Series #
Line 819: Line 862:


===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
Due to the language being a semi-[[:w:Agglutinative languages|agglutinative]] language, little purely morphophonological processes take place other than the aforementioned vowel mutation. Because of this process alone, one could either analyze the language’s morphological typology as an agglutinative language with ablauting morphemes, or as a minor fusional language without sandhi.


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Line 836: Line 880:
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
The constituent order of the language is relatively straightforward, being almost exclusively SOV in almost all instances. Other word-orders (commonly SVO) may be used occasionally for poetic effect, but such must be clearly marked with affices denoting their grammatical role, often merely to avoid ambiguity.
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Verb phrase===
Line 844: Line 890:
==Example texts==
==Example texts==
{{main|:Category:Dãterške literature}}
{{main|:Category:Dãterške literature}}
* [[The Internationale#Dãterške|The Internationale]] - ТрәнњещӀьахимнһц
*[[Literature:The Internationale#Dãterške|The Internationale]] - ТрәнњещӀьахимнһц
*[[Verse:Danterlokhan/Even when issues arise#Dãterške (Original)|Even when issues arise]] - шԇөтжелф хжалд'с ды җӀұйец бољата
*[[Literature:Hansu Hansuen#Dãterške|Hansu Hansuen]] - Дихтатэрин ды дихтатэрин'с
===Swadesh list===
{{Swadesh
|language=Dãterške
|nativename=Даңтэршкэ
|I=хж
|you (singular)=хи
|he=эсі
|we=мыр
|you (plural)=хи'с
|they=эсі'с
|this=эхі
|that=эхі
|here=лєх ды хж
|there=лєх ды эхі
|who=ўла'у
|what=ўлэцћ
|where=ўлэзђ
|when=ўлатҝ
|how=ўлих
|not=њэд
|all=сфэх
|many=бвиӑҗӕы
|some=у
|few=лэхмындопӀӕы
|other=щԇөмтӕы
|one=інэ
|two=џвћ
|three=нрій
|four=хԇрф
|five=впіђ
|big=бољщевӕы
|long=боюхӕы
|wide=бољщевӕы
|thick=длекӕы
|heavy=щрьєхӕы
|small=лэхӕы
|short=льыхӕы
|narrow=лэхӕы
|thin=блӕнзӕы
|woman=фрау
|man (adult male)=
|Man (human being)=йёй'
|child=льыхфрау
|wife=ебщаюңһа
|husband=ебщаюңһа
|mother=мам
|father=мам
|animal=
|fish=ғєчӥ
|bird=фљећһа
|dog=
|louse=
|snake=
|worm=
|tree=
|forest=
|stick=пӀалєчһа
|fruit=џябрућөй
|seed=бул
|leaf=
|root=
|bark=
|flower=
|grass=
|rope=умукңәту
|skin=
|meat=-ишмалж
|blood=ершы
|bone=
|fat (n.)=нрійпфӭӑшєл
|egg=
|horn=
|tail=
|feather=
|hair=граӑюлш
|head=њђәмӹнец
|ear=аўрӥс
|eye=ӑәйн
|nose=њђәмӹнец
|mouth=
|tooth=
|tongue=
|fingernail=
|foot=
|leg=єӑөпӀһа
|knee=гену
|hand=
|wing=
|belly=
|guts=
|neck=
|back=
|breast=
|heart=
|liver=
|drink=
|eat=
|bite=
|suck=
|spit=
|vomit=
|blow=
|breathe=
|laugh=
|see=
|hear=
|know=
|think=
|smell=
|fear=
|sleep=
|live=
|die=
|kill=
|fight=
|hunt=
|hit=
|cut=
|split=
|stab=
|scratch=
|dig=
|swim=
|fly (v.)=
|walk=
|come=
|lie=
|sit=
|stand=
|turn=
|fall=
|give=
|hold=
|squeeze=
|rub=
|wash=
|wipe=
|pull=
|push=
|throw=
|tie=
|sew=
|count=
|say=
|sing=
|play=
|float=
|flow=
|freeze=
|swell=
|sun=
|moon=
|star=
|water=
|rain=
|river=
|lake=
|sea=
|salt=
|stone=
|sand=
|dust=
|earth=
|cloud=
|fog=
|sky=
|wind=
|snow=
|ice=
|smoke=
|fire=
|ashes=
|burn=
|road=
|mountain=
|red=
|green=
|yellow=
|white=
|black=
|night=
|day=
|year=
|warm=
|cold=
|full=
|new=
|old=
|good=
|bad=
|rotten=
|dirty=
|straight=
|round=
|sharp=
|dull=
|smooth=
|wet=
|dry=
|correct=љәһвкӕы
|near=блъю
|far=ҝаһ
|right=жљэфң
|left=тљэфң
|at=прьи
|in=дре
|with=тсъу
|and=и
|if=ҝелф
|because=жерг
|name=ім'ьяћљ
}}
 
===Chemistry===
===Chemistry===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="mw-expanded mw-collapsible wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;width:60%"
|+Dãterške Periodic table of the Elements
|+style="font-size:100%;"|Dãterške Periodic table of the Elements
|-
!style="text-align:left;"|{{small|[[:w:Group (periodic table)|Group]] ↓}}
!style="text-align:left;"|{{small|[[:w:Period (periodic table)|Period]] →}}
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 1 element|1]]
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 2 element|2]]
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 3 element|3]]
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 4 element|4]]
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 5 element|5]]
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 6 element|6]]
!style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Period 7 element|7]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="background:#e8e8e8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Alkali metal|1]]
|'''H'''<br>[[Contionary:һыд#Dãterške|һыд]]/'ыд
|'''Li'''<br>[[Contionary:лиц#Dãterške|лиц]]
|'''Na'''<br>[[Contionary:нҍид#Dãterške|нҍид]]
|'''K'''<br>[[Contionary:кчил#Dãterške|кчил]]
|'''Rb'''<br>[[Contionary:дриб#Dãterške|дриб]]
|'''Cs'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝиԇ#Dãterške|ҝиԇ]]
|'''Fr'''<br>[[Contionary:фғинћ#Dãterške|фғинћ]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="background:#e8e8e8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Alkaline earth metal|2]]
|rowspan=30|
|'''Be'''<br>[[Contionary:бірљ#Dãterške|бірљ]]
|'''Mg'''<br>[[Contionary:міџ#Dãterške|міџ]]
|'''Ca'''<br>[[Contionary:гҍілс#Dãterške|гҍілс]]
|'''Sr'''<br>[[Contionary:щӀіһ#Dãterške|щӀіһ]]
|'''Ba'''<br>[[Contionary:бірь#Dãterške|бірь]]
|'''Ra'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝрішд#Dãterške|ҝрішд]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 3 element|3]]
|rowspan=24 colspan=2|
|'''Sc'''<br>[[Contionary:щӀэй#Dãterške|щӀэй]]
|'''Y'''<br>[[Contionary:йэт#Dãterške|йэт]]
|'''La'''<br>[[Contionary:лңҍяп#Dãterške|лңҍяп]]
|'''Ac'''<br>[[Contionary:'ӹџҍ#Dãterške|'ӹџҍ]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F1]]
|rowspan=14 colspan=2|
|'''Ce'''<br>[[Contionary:сярп#Dãterške|сярп]]
|'''Th'''<br>[[Contionary:цӹрь#Dãterške|цӹрь]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F2]]
|'''Pr'''<br>[[Contionary:прязд#Dãterške|прязд]]
|'''Pa'''<br>[[Contionary:прӹђъ#Dãterške|прӹђъ]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F3]]
|'''Nd'''<br>[[Contionary:лњяд#Dãterške|лњяд]]
|'''U'''<br>[[Contionary:ўӹрңҝ#Dãterške|ўӹрңҝ]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F4]]
|'''Pm'''<br>[[Contionary:пяһ#Dãterške|пяһ]]
|'''Np'''<br>[[Contionary:нпӹгҝ#Dãterške|нпӹгҝ]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F5]]
|'''Sm'''<br>[[Contionary:смяһр#Dãterške|смяһр]]
|'''Pu'''<br>[[Contionary:пъӹхң#Dãterške|пъӹхң]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F6]]
|'''Eu'''<br>[[Contionary:пяб#Dãterške|пяб]]
|'''Am'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑӹмь#Dãterške|ӑӹмь]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F7]]
|'''Gd'''<br>[[Contionary:дяҗ#Dãterške|дяҗ]]/гяҗ
|'''Cm'''<br>[[Contionary:кӹрҝ#Dãterške|кӹрҝ]]
|-
|-
!style="text-align:left;"|{{small|[[:w:Group (periodic table)|Group]] →}}
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F8]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#e8e8e8;"|[[:w:Alkali metal|1]]
|'''Tb'''<br>[[Contionary:тярб#Dãterške|тярб]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#e8e8e8;"|[[:w:Alkaline earth metal|2]]
|'''Bk'''<br>[[Contionary:вкӹԇҝ#Dãterške|вкӹԇҝ]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#e8e8e8;"|[[:w:Group 3 element|3]]
!rowspan=2|[[:w:Group 4 element|4]]
!rowspan=2|[[:w:Group 5 element|5]]
!rowspan=2|[[:w:Group 6 element|6]]
!rowspan=2|[[:w:Group 7 element|7]]
!rowspan=2|[[:w:Group 8 element|8]]
!rowspan=2|[[:w:Group 9 element|9]]
!rowspan=2|[[:w:Group 10 element|10]]
!rowspan=2|[[:w:Group 11 element|11]]
!rowspan=2|[[:w:Group 12 element|12]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#e8e8e8;"|[[:w:Boron group|13]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#f0f0f0;"|[[:w:Carbon group|14]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;"|[[:w:Pnictogen|15]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;"|[[:w:Chalcogen|16]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;"|[[:w:Halogen|17]]
!rowspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;"|[[:w:Noble gas|18]]
|-
|-
!style="text-align:left;"|{{small|[[:w:Period (periodic table)|Period]] ↓}}
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F9]]
|'''Dy'''<br>[[Contionary:рдясп#Dãterške|рдясп]]
|'''Cf'''<br>[[Contionary:пфӹњҝ#Dãterške|пфӹњҝ]]
|-
|-
![[:w:Period 1 element|1]]
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F10]]
|{{right|1}}<br>{{large|'''H'''}}<br>һыд/'ыд
|'''Ho'''<br>[[Contionary:һял#Dãterške|һял]]
|colspan=16|
|'''Es'''<br>[[Contionary:йӹнст#Dãterške|йӹнст]]
|{{right|2}}<br>{{large|'''He'''}}<br>һұл
|-
|-
![[:w:Period 2 element|2]]
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F11]]
|{{right|3}}<br>{{large|'''Li'''}}<br>лиц
|'''Er'''<br>[[Contionary:һряц#Dãterške|һряц]]
|{{right|4}}<br>{{large|'''Be'''}}<br>бірљ
|'''Fm'''<br>[[Contionary:фмӹрь#Dãterške|фмӹрь]]
|colspan=10 rowspan=2|
|{{right|5}}<br>{{large|'''B'''}}<br>бөд
|{{right|6}}<br>{{large|'''C'''}}<br>гсъарб
|{{right|7}}<br>{{large|'''N'''}}<br>нхлетң
|{{right|8}}<br>{{large|'''O'''}}<br>һок
|{{right|9}}<br>{{large|'''F'''}}<br>фюңл
|{{right|10}}<br>{{large|'''Ne'''}}<br>ғњӥд
|-
|-
![[:w:Period 3 element|3]]
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F12]]
|{{right|11}}<br>{{large|'''Na'''}}<br>нҍид
|'''Tm'''<br>[[Contionary:цялм#Dãterške|цялм]]
|{{right|12}}<br>{{large|'''Mg'''}}<br>міџ
|'''Md'''<br>[[Contionary:мдңӹл#Dãterške|мдңӹл]]
|{{right|13}}<br>{{large|'''Al'''}}<br>ӑљөм
|{{right|14}}<br>{{large|'''Si'''}}<br>саљ
|{{right|15}}<br>{{large|'''P'''}}<br>пресң
|{{right|16}}<br>{{large|'''S'''}}<br>сњоб
|{{right|17}}<br>{{large|'''Cl'''}}<br>хюңл
|{{right|18}}<br>{{large|'''Ar'''}}<br>хрёђ
|-
|-
![[:w:Period 4 element|4]]
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F13]]
|{{right|19}}<br>{{large|'''K'''}}<br>кчил
|'''Yb'''<br>[[Contionary:йят#Dãterške|йят]]
|{{right|20}}<br>{{large|'''Ca'''}}<br>гҍілс
|'''No'''<br>[[Contionary:њӹбҝ#Dãterške|њӹбҝ]]
|{{right|21}}<br>{{large|'''Sc'''}}<br>щӀэй
|{{right|22}}<br>{{large|'''Ti'''}}<br>тэпӀ
|{{right|23}}<br>{{large|'''V'''}}<br>внэлб
|{{right|24}}<br>{{large|'''Cr'''}}<br>хрьэлм
|{{right|25}}<br>{{large|'''Mn'''}}<br>мнэг/њэмг
|{{right|26}}<br>{{large|'''Fe'''}}<br>фэҗ
|{{right|27}}<br>{{large|'''Co'''}}<br>ҝэҗ
|{{right|28}}<br>{{large|'''Ni'''}}<br>њэҗ
|{{right|29}}<br>{{large|'''Cu'''}}<br>гэп
|{{right|30}}<br>{{large|'''Zn'''}}<br>ԇэн
|{{right|31}}<br>{{large|'''Ga'''}}<br>гҍөљ
|{{right|32}}<br>{{large|'''Ge'''}}<br>дач
|{{right|33}}<br>{{large|'''As'''}}<br>сбехңт
|{{right|34}}<br>{{large|'''Se'''}}<br>срол
|{{right|35}}<br>{{large|'''Br'''}}<br>люңб
|{{right|36}}<br>{{large|'''Kr'''}}<br>крєћң
|-
|-
![[:w:Period 5 element|5]]
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"| [[:w:F-block|F14]]
|{{right|37}}<br>{{large|'''Rb'''}}<br>дриб
|'''Lu'''<br>[[Contionary:ляӑт#Dãterške|ляӑт]]
|{{right|38}}<br>{{large|'''Sr'''}}<br>щӀіһ
|'''Lr'''<br>[[Contionary:лрӹнџ#Dãterške|лрӹнџ]]
|{{right|39}}<br>{{large|'''Y'''}}<br>йэт
|{{right|40}}<br>{{large|'''Zr'''}}<br>крэз
|{{right|41}}<br>{{large|'''Nb'''}}<br>њэў
|{{right|42}}<br>{{large|'''Mo'''}}<br>љэйдт
|{{right|43}}<br>{{large|'''Tc'''}}<br>йтэхц
|{{right|44}}<br>{{large|'''Ru'''}}<br>рэԇ
|{{right|45}}<br>{{large|'''Rh'''}}<br>рһэд
|{{right|46}}<br>{{large|'''Pd'''}}<br>спэљ
|{{right|47}}<br>{{large|'''Ag'''}}<br>сэп
|{{right|48}}<br>{{large|'''Ag'''}}<br>хэд
|{{right|49}}<br>{{large|'''In'''}}<br>ӵөдң
|{{right|50}}<br>{{large|'''Sn'''}}<br>тсан
|{{right|51}}<br>{{large|'''Sb'''}}<br>њхңет
|{{right|52}}<br>{{large|'''Te'''}}<br>тољ
|{{right|53}}<br>{{large|'''I'''}}<br>йюңдь
|{{right|54}}<br>{{large|'''Xe'''}}<br>хсьәм
|-
|-
![[:w:Period 6 element|6]]
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 4 element|4]]
|{{right|55}}<br>{{large|'''Cs'''}}<br>ҝиԇ
|'''Ti'''<br>[[Contionary:тэпӀ#Dãterške|тэпӀ]]
|{{right|56}}<br>{{large|'''Ba'''}}<br>бірь
|'''Zr'''<br>[[Contionary:крэз#Dãterške|крэз]]
|rowspan=2|{{right|57}}<br>{{large|'''La'''}}<br>лңҍяп
|'''Hf'''<br>[[Contionary:хӭфң#Dãterške|хӭфң]]
|{{right|72}}<br>{{large|'''Hf'''}}<br>хӭфң
|'''Rf'''<br>[[Contionary:рфӭдь#Dãterške|рфӭдь]]
|{{right|73}}<br>{{large|'''Ta'''}}<br>тӀӭп
|{{right|74}}<br>{{large|'''W'''}}<br>ўӭлӵ
|{{right|75}}<br>{{large|'''Re'''}}<br>рңӭщц
|{{right|76}}<br>{{large|'''Os'''}}<br>ӑӭљш
|{{right|77}}<br>{{large|'''Ir'''}}<br>ӑӭрд
|{{right|78}}<br>{{large|'''Pt'''}}<br>ӑӭп
|{{right|79}}<br>{{large|'''Au'''}}<br>ӑӭўж
|{{right|80}}<br>{{large|'''Hg'''}}<br>ғмӭлһ
|{{right|81}}<br>{{large|'''Tl'''}}<br>цөл
|{{right|82}}<br>{{large|'''Pb'''}}<br>пћаџб
|{{right|83}}<br>{{large|'''Bi'''}}<br>ԇңелғ
|{{right|84}}<br>{{large|'''Po'''}}<br>ҝпор
|{{right|85}}<br>{{large|'''At'''}}<br>ҝюңӵ
|{{right|85}}<br>{{large|'''Rn'''}}<br>ҝрӕун
|-
|-
![[:w:Lanthanide|6.5]]
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 5 element|5]]
|colspan=2|
|'''V'''<br>[[Contionary:внэлб#Dãterške|внэлб]]
|{{right|58}}<br>{{large|'''Ce'''}}<br>сярп
|'''Nb'''<br>[[Contionary:њэў#Dãterške|њэў]]
|{{right|59}}<br>{{large|'''Pr'''}}<br>прязд
|'''Ta'''<br>[[Contionary:тӀӭп#Dãterške|тӀӭп]]
|{{right|60}}<br>{{large|'''Nd'''}}<br>лњяд
|'''Db'''<br>[[Contionary:дбӭўн#Dãterške|дбӭўн]]
|{{right|61}}<br>{{large|'''Pm'''}}<br>пяһ
|-
|{{right|62}}<br>{{large|'''Sm'''}}<br>смяһр
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 6 element|6]]
|{{right|63}}<br>{{large|'''Eu'''}}<br>пяб
|'''Cr'''<br>[[Contionary:хрьэлм#Dãterške|хрьэлм]]
|{{right|64}}<br>{{large|'''Gd'''}}<br>дяҗ/гяҗ
|'''Mo'''<br>[[Contionary:љэйд#Dãterške|љэйд]]
|{{right|65}}<br>{{large|'''Tb'''}}<br>тярб
|'''W'''<br>[[Contionary:ўӭлӵ#Dãterške|ўӭлӵ]]
|{{right|66}}<br>{{large|'''Dy'''}}<br>рдясп
|'''Sg'''<br>[[Contionary:сгӭӵ#Dãterške|сгӭӵ]]
|{{right|67}}<br>{{large|'''Ho'''}}<br>һял
|-
|{{right|68}}<br>{{large|'''Er'''}}<br>һряц
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 7 element|7]]
|{{right|69}}<br>{{large|'''Tm'''}}<br>цялм
|'''Mn'''<br>[[Contionary:мнэг#Dãterške|мнэг]]/њэмг
|{{right|70}}<br>{{large|'''Yb'''}}<br>йят
|'''Tc'''<br>[[Contionary:йтэхц#Dãterške|йтэхц]]
|{{right|71}}<br>{{large|'''Lu'''}}<br>ляӑт
|'''Re'''<br>[[Contionary:рңӭщц#Dãterške|рңӭщц]]
|
|'''Bh'''<br>[[Contionary:бһӭр#Dãterške|бһӭр]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 8 element|8]]
|'''Fe'''<br>[[Contionary:фэҗ#Dãterške|фэҗ]]
|'''Ru'''<br>[[Contionary:рэԇ#Dãterške|рэԇ]]
|'''Os'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑӭљш#Dãterške|ӑӭљш]]
|'''Hs'''<br>[[Contionary:һсӭӑ#Dãterške|һсӭӑ]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 9 element|9]]
|'''Co'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝэҗ#Dãterške|ҝэҗ]]
|'''Rh'''<br>[[Contionary:рһэд#Dãterške|рһэд]]
|'''Ir'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑӭрд#Dãterške|ӑӭрд]]
|'''Mt'''<br>[[Contionary:мтӭрң#Dãterške|мтӭрң]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 10 element|10]]
|'''Ni'''<br>[[Contionary:њэҗ#Dãterške|њэҗ]]
|'''Pd'''<br>[[Contionary:спэљ#Dãterške|спэљ]]
|'''Pt'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑӭп#Dãterške|ӑӭп]]
|'''Ds'''<br>[[Contionary:дшӭғм#Dãterške|дшӭғм]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 11 element|11]]
|'''Cu'''<br>[[Contionary:гэп#Dãterške|гэп]]
|'''Ag'''<br>[[Contionary:сэп#Dãterške|сэп]]
|'''Au'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑӭўж#Dãterške|ӑӭўж]]
|'''Rg'''<br>[[Contionary:ргӭөт#Dãterške|ргӭт]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="font-size:100%;"|[[:w:Group 12 element|12]]
|'''Zn'''<br>[[Contionary:ԇэн#Dãterške|ԇэн]]
|'''Cd'''<br>[[Contionary:хэд#Dãterške|хэд]]
|'''Hg'''<br>[[Contionary:ғмӭлһ#Dãterške|ғмӭлһ]]
|'''Cn'''<br>[[Contionary:цнӭрп#Dãterške|цнӭрп]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="background:#e8e8e8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Boron group|13]]
|'''B'''<br>[[Contionary:бөд#Dãterške|бөд]]
|'''Al'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑљөм#Dãterške|ӑљөм]]
|'''Ga'''<br>[[Contionary:гҍөљ#Dãterške|гҍөљ]]
|'''In'''<br>[[Contionary:ӵөдң#Dãterške|ӵөдң]]
|'''Tl'''<br> [[Contionary:цөл#Dãterške|цөл]]
|'''Nh'''<br>[[Contionary:нһөџң#Dãterške|нһөџң]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="background:#f0f0f0;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Carbon group|14]]
|'''C'''<br>[[Contionary:гсъарб#Dãterške|гсъарб]]
|'''Si'''<br>[[Contionary:саљ#Dãterške|саљ]]
|'''Ge'''/'''Esi'''<br>[[Contionary:дач#Dãterške|дач]]
|'''Sn'''<br>[[Contionary:тсан#Dãterške|тсан]]
|'''Pb'''<br>[[Contionary:пћаџб#Dãterške|пћаџб]]
|'''Fl'''<br>[[Contionary:фларв#Dãterške|фларв]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Pnictogen|15]]
|'''N'''<br>[[Contionary:нхлет#Dãterške|нхлет]]
|'''P'''<br>[[Contionary:пресң#Dãterške|пресң]]
|'''As'''<br>[[Contionary:сбехңт#Dãterške|сбехңт]]
|'''Sb'''<br>[[Contionary:њхңет#Dãterške|њхңет]]
|'''Bi'''<br>[[Contionary:ԇңелғ#Dãterške|ԇңелғ]]
|'''Mc'''<br>[[Contionary:мскевң#Dãterške|мскевң]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Chalcogen|16]]
|'''O'''<br>[[Contionary:һок#Dãterške|һок]]
|'''S'''<br>[[Contionary:сњоб#Dãterške|сњоб]]
|'''Se'''<br>[[Contionary:срол#Dãterške|срол]]
|'''Te'''<br>[[Contionary:тољ#Dãterške|тољ]]
|'''Po'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝпор#Dãterške|ҝпор]]
|'''Lv'''<br>[[Contionary:лворҝ#Dãterške|лворҝ]]
|-
!colspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Halogen|17]]
|'''F'''<br>[[Contionary:фюңл#Dãterške|фюңл]]
|'''Cl'''<br>[[Contionary:хюңл#Dãterške|хюңл]]
|'''Br'''<br>[[Contionary:люңб#Dãterške|люңб]]
|'''I'''<br>[[Contionary:йюңдь#Dãterške|йюңдь]]
|'''At'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝюңӵ#Dãterške|ҝюңӵ]]
|'''Ts'''<br>[[Contionary:тсюңԇ#Dãterške|тсюңԇ]]
|-
|-
![[:w:Period 7 element|7]]
!colspan=2 style="background:#f8f8f8;font-size:100%"|[[:w:Noble gas|18]]
|{{right|87}}<br>{{large|'''Fr'''}}<br>фғинћ
|'''He'''<br>[[Contionary:һұл#Dãterške|һұл]]
|{{right|88}}<br>{{large|'''Ra'''}}<br>ҝрішд
|'''Ne'''<br>[[Contionary:ғњӥд#Dãterške|ғњӥд]]
|rowspan=2|{{right|89}}<br>{{large|'''Ac'''}}<br>'ӹџҍ
|'''Ar'''<br>[[Contionary:хрёђ#Dãterške|хрёђ]]
|{{right|104}}<br>{{large|'''Rf'''}}<br>рфӭдь
|'''Kr'''<br>[[Contionary:крєћ#Dãterške|крєћ]]
|{{right|105}}<br>{{large|'''Db'''}}<br>дбӭўн
|'''Xe'''<br>[[Contionary:хсьәм#Dãterške|хсьәм]]
|{{right|106}}<br>{{large|'''Sg'''}}<br>сгӭӵ
|'''Rn'''<br>[[Contionary:ҝрӕун#Dãterške|ҝрӕун]]
|{{right|107}}<br>{{large|'''Bh'''}}<br>бһӭр
|'''Og'''<br>[[Contionary:ӑгӧњ#Dãterške|ӑгӧњ]]
|{{right|108}}<br>{{large|'''Hs'''}}<br>һсӭӑ
|{{right|109}}<br>{{large|'''Mt'''}}<br>мтӭрң
|{{right|110}}<br>{{large|'''Ds'''}}<br>дшӭғм
|{{right|111}}<br>{{large|'''Rg'''}}<br>ргӭөтң
|{{right|112}}<br>{{large|'''Cn'''}}<br>цнӭрп
|{{right|113}}<br>{{large|'''Nh'''}}<br>нһөџң
|{{right|114}}<br>{{large|'''Fl'''}}<br>фларв
|{{right|115}}<br>{{large|'''Mc'''}}<br>мскевң
|{{right|116}}<br>{{large|'''Lv'''}}<br>лворҝ
|{{right|117}}<br>{{large|'''Ts'''}}<br>тсюңԇ
|{{right|118}}<br>{{large|'''Og'''}}<br>гӧњ
|-
|-
![[:w:Actinide|7.5]]
|colspan=2|
|{{right|90}}<br>{{large|'''Th'''}}<br>цӹрь
|{{right|91}}<br>{{large|'''Pa'''}}<br>прӹђъ
|{{right|92}}<br>{{large|'''U'''}}<br>ўӹрңҝ
|{{right|93}}<br>{{large|'''Np'''}}<br>нпӹгҝ
|{{right|94}}<br>{{large|'''Pu'''}}<br>пъӹхң
|{{right|95}}<br>{{large|'''Am'''}}<br>ӑӹмь
|{{right|96}}<br>{{large|'''Cm'''}}<br>кӹрҝ
|{{right|97}}<br>{{large|'''Bk'''}}<br>вкӹԇҝ
|{{right|98}}<br>{{large|'''Cf'''}}<br>пфӹњҝ
|{{right|99}}<br>{{large|'''Es'''}}<br>йӹнст
|{{right|100}}<br>{{large|'''Fm'''}}<br>фмӹрь
|{{right|101}}<br>{{large|'''Md'''}}<br>мдңӹл
|{{right|102}}<br>{{large|'''No'''}}<br>њӹбҝ
|{{right|103}}<br>{{large|'''Lr'''}}<br>лрӹнџ
|
|}
|}
==Lexicon==
{{main|:Category:Dãterške words}}


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
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[[Category:Dãterške]]
[[Category:Dãterške]]
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[[Category:Ergative-absolutive languages]]
[[Category:Ergative-absolutive languages]]
[[Category:A priori]]
[[Category:A priori]]
[[Category:Altaic languages]]
[[Category:Auxlangs]]

Latest revision as of 07:04, 18 September 2024


Danterske
Даңтэршкэ
Progress: 95%
Type
Agglutinative
Alignment
Ergative-absolutive
Head direction
Initial Mixed Final
Primary word order
Subject-object-verb
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
1
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect
Danterian
Dãterške, Danterske
Даңтэршкэ
Даңтэрскэ атӕҗӀұец
Flag of Danterlĕxan.png
The official flag of the Scientific Nation of Danterlokhan.
Pronunciation[t̬ãtʰɛrʃkʰɛ
t̬ãtʰɛrskʰɛ atʰəʒd͡ʒyjet͡n̥]
Created byElliott Wheeler
SettingVerse:Danterlokhan
Official status
Official language in
Danterlokhan
Language codes
CLCRqdt

Dãterške (Даңтэршкэ, Даңтэрскэ атӕҗӀұец), also known as Danterian (English calque) and Danterske, is an auxillary and attempted logical language created by Elliott Wheeler originally designed to be a common language for the scientific community.

Its original purpose was for a significant portion of its morphology was to be comprised of native terms and grammar for scientific terms, technical jargon, and physical processes. It's also designed to lack synonyms as much as possible for inherent goal of disambiguation, which albeit made it relatively difficult to use colloquially. Nevertheless, since then I have been trying to adapt it as a more naturalistic language with an actual constructed culture.

Due to several drastic changes during the course of its development, along with being the first language I created, the language is loosely based off of a variety of sources, such as Proto-Altaic, the Slavic languages, the Northwest-Caucasian languages, a tad bit of German, and my native idiolect of English, but is ultimately a priori.

Introduction

Creation history

The exact date of the language's inspiration remains unknown, but the project probably began on 26-9-12015 (September 26, 2015) with a document titled "Danterian Language", which featured an abecedarium of a bicameral Cyrillic-, Armenian-, & Latin-based alphabetic script, what appears to be an English approximation for the sound each represented, and a set of orthographic conventions. Featured below is the alphabet copied verbatim from the document.

Æ E A B C Д Њ F G H N J K L M I O ♇ Ꝗ R S Ð T U V Щ Ж ß Y Z
æ є a Б/ƃ c Δ ђ f դ h и j k l m ն o ꝑ ꝗ r s þ t μ v щ ж β y ƶ
(ae) (e) (a) (b) (c) (d) (ny) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) (q) (r) (s) (th) (t) (u) (v) (w) (zh) (sz) (y) (z)

More letters were almost certainly added later. This was probably an attempt of an English spelling reform that I decided to create as I was learning linguistics, but this project then evolved into an entirely separate language that I decided to develop as my interest in linguistics and conlangs grew. This was when the language started to deviate from its goal, the language became something of a sketchbook for developing ideas I came up with as I was learning.

As the language grew, the document where I stored the language's lexicon was named after its first proper word, кражңа, literally translating as "The Index of the Frontier" (Кљіха ды Кражңа). At the time of writing this, the index lists approximately 967 morphemes. This is probably enough of the language to derive a dictionary from such, but it should be noted that various crucial notes and sketches are recorded elsewhere.

Phonology

Orthography

The orthography of Dãterške is a monocase Russian-inspired Cyrillic alphabet, and is mostly phonemic, in that each letter corresponds directly to a single sound or modification on a sound (such as [◌ʼ], [◌ˤ], [◌̃], etC). It's important to note that, unlike many languages, certain modifications (besides nasalization, ң) represent phonemes to themselves and not merely modifiers for a grapheme or phoneme. However, an exception to both prior exceptions stated here is the usage of the digraphs «щӀ» & «җӀ» to represent the consonantal sequences /ʃt͡ʃ/ & /ʒd͡ʒ/, respectively.

Because of its relatively large phonemic inventory, the language had to use relatively unconventional uses and extensions for the letters in modern Cyrillic. This, combined with its monocase typography & usage of circum-sentence punctuation in a manner standardized from Spanish, makes a uniquely recognizable written language. Listed below are all of the characters in the alphabet, associated values, and letter names in IPA and Latin, in no particular order due to the lack of any strict alphabetical order for the language.

Letter IPA Sound Letter Name IPA Letter Name Latin transliteration
Ӏ /◌ʼ/, /ʡ/~[ʔ] пӀалєчһа /pʼalot͡ʃħa/ '
' нруцӕфих пӀалєчһа /nrut͡n̥əfɪx pʼalot͡ʃħa/
і /ʲi/ пӀалєчһих і /pʼalot͡ʃħɪx iː/ İ i
а /a/ а /a/ A a
ӑ /ʕ/ нруцӕфих ӑа /nrut͡n̥əfɪx ʕa/ ʕ ʿ
я /ʲɒ/ я /ɒː/ Â â
ә /æ/ ә /æ/ Æ æ
ӕ /ə/ ӕ /ə/ Ə ə
э /ɛ/ э /ɛ/ E e
ӭ /ɘ/ ӭ' or птрђих ӭ /ɘʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ɘ/ Ë ë
ө /ɞ/ ө /ɞ/ Œ œ
є /ʲo/ є /oː/ Ô ô
е /ʲe/ е /eː/ Ê ê
ё /ʲø/~[ʲɵ] ё' or птрђих ё /øːʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx øː/ Ø ø
и /ɪ/ и /ɪ/ I ı
ӥ /i/ ӥ' or птрђих ӥ /iʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx i/ Ï ï
й /j/ нруцӕфих йи /nrut͡n̥əfɪx jɪ/ J j
о /ʌ/ омь /ʌɱʲ/ O o
ӧ /ɤ/ ӧ' or птрђих ӧ /ɤʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ɤ/ Ö ö
у /u/ у /u/ U u
ў /w/ нруцӕфих ўу /nrut͡n̥əfɪx wu/ W w
ұ /y/ ұ or пӀ'алєчһих ұ /y/ or /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx y/ Ü ü
ю /ʲɯ/ ю /ɯː/ Û û
ы /ɨ/ ы /ɨ/ Y y
ӹ /ʉ/ ӹ' or птрђих ӹ /ʉʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ʉ/ Ÿ ÿ
м /ɱ/ эм /ɛɱ/ M m
н /n/ эн /ɛn/ N n
ң /◌̃/ р'ьәњӕы эң or пӀалєчһих эң /rʡʲæɲəɨ ɛ̃/ or /pʼalot͡ʃħɪx ɛ̃/ ˜ ◌̃
ц /t͡n̥/~[θ] цөд /t͡n̥ɞt̬/ C c
њ /ɲ/ њэ /ɲɛ/ Ñ ñ
б /p̬/~[b̪] эб /ɛp̬/ B b
п /pʰ/ пэ /p̪ʰɛ/ P p
д /t̬/~[d̟] эд /ɛt̬/ D d
т /tʰ/~[t̟ʰ] тэ /tʰɛ/ T t
џ /d͡ʒ/ эџ /ɛd͡ʒ/ Đ đ
ч /t͡ʃ/ чэ /t͡ʃɛ/ Č č
ђ /c̬/~[ɟ] эђ /ɛc̬/ Ĝ ĝ
ћ /cʰ/ эћ /cʰɛ/ Ć ć
ҹ /c͡ç/ ҹэ /c͡çɛ/ Ĉ ĉ
г /k̬/~[g] эг /ɛk̬/ G g
к /kʰ/ клєм /kʰlʲoɱ/ K k
ҝ /q͡χ/ ҝэ /q͡χɛ/ Q q
в /v/ витҍ /vɪtˤʰ/ V v
ф /f/ еф /eːf/ F f
з /z/ зе /zʲe/ Z z
с /s/ ес /eːs/ S s
ж /ʒ/ же /ʒʲe/ Ž ž
ш /ʃ/ еш /eːʃ/ Š š
җ /ʝ/ җе /ʝeː/ Ẑ ẑ
щ /ç/ ещ /eːç/ Ŝ ŝ
ғ /ɣ/ ғе /ɣʲe/ Ƣ ƣ
х /x/ ех /eːx/ X x
һ /ħ/~[h] шһа /ʃħa/ H h
р /r/~[ɹ] ер /eːr/ R r
ь /j/~/◌ʲ/ йэрь /jɛrʲ/ j
ъ /w/~/◌ʷ/ ўэръ /wɛrʷ/ w
ҍ /ʕ/~/◌ˤ/ ӑэрҍ /ʕɛrˤ/ ʿ
л /l/~[ɮ] ел /eːl/ L l
љ /ʎ/ љер /ʎeːr/ Ł ł

Consonants

Danterške consonant phonemes
Labiodental Denti-alveolar Palato-alveolar Palatal Velar Guttural
Nasal ɱ (м) n (н) ɲ (њ)
Plosive lenis p̬ (б) t̬ (д) c̬ (ђ) k̬ (г) ʡ (Ӏ,')
ejective[note 1] pʼ (пӀ) tʼ (тӀ) t͡ʃʼ (чӀ) cʼ (ћӀ) kʼ (кӀ) qʼ (ҝӀ)
aspirated pʰ (п) tʰ (т) cʰ (ћ) kʰ (к) qʰ~q͡χ (ҝ)
Affricate voiceless p͡f [note 2] (пф) t͡n̥~t͡θ[note 3] (ц) t͡ʃ (ч) c͡ç (ҹ)
ʃt͡ʃ (щӀ)
voiced d͡ʒ (џ)
ʒd͡ʒ (җӀ)
nasal release dⁿ~nˑ (дң) d͡ʒ̃ (џң) ɟⁿ~ɲˑ (ђң) g̊ⁿ~ŋ (кң,гң)
Fricative voiceless f (ф) s[note 4] (с) ʃ (ш) ç (щ) x (х) ħ (һ)
voiced v (в) z[note 4] (з) ʒ (ж) ʝ (җ) ɣ (ғ)
nasalized ṽ (вң) z̃[note 4] (зң) ʒ̃ (жң) ʝ̃ (җң) ɣ̃ (ғң)
Approximant r~ɹ (р) ɹ̃ (рң) j (ь,й) w (ъ,ў) ʕ (ҍ,ӑ)
Lateral oral l~ɮ (л) ʎ (љ)
nasalized l̃ (лң) ʎ̃ (љң)
  1. ^ Ejectives are phonemically and graphically considered sequences of Cʡ, however they are listed here to demonstrate all permissible sequences
  2. ^ Mainly attested as a single phoneme in loanwords from German, but this analysis may be extended to native words as well
  3. ^ Though /t͡θ/ may be used as an allophone in any context, it naturally occurs in codas, especially word-finally.
  4. ^ a b c No hissing sibilants technically occur in this language's phonology, these symbols are meant to be interpreted as shorthand for their non-sibilant equivalents and to distinguish from their dental equivalents

Vowels

Dãterške vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close oral i (ӥ) ʲi(ː) (і) y (ұ) ɨ (ы) ʉ (ӹ) u (у)
nasal ĩ (ің/ӥң) ỹ (ұң) ɨ̃ (ың) ʉ̃ (ӹң) ũ (уң)
Near-close oral ɪ (и) ʲɯ (ю)
nasal ɪ̃ (иң) ɯ̃ (юң)
Close-mid oral ʲe (е) ɘ (ӭ) ʲø~ʲɵ (ё) ɤ (ӧ) ʲo (є)
nasal ẽ (ең) ɘ̃ (ӭң) ø̃~ɵ̃ (ёң) ɤ̃ (ӧң) õ (єң)
Open-mid oral ɛ (э) ə (ӕ) ɞ (ө) ʌ~ɔ (о)
nasal ɛ̃ (эң) ə̃ (ӕң) ɞ̃ (өң) ʌ̃~ɔ̃ (оң)
Near-open oral æ (ә)
nasal
Open oral a (а) ʲɒ (я)
nasal ã (аң) ɒ̃ (яң)

Prosody

The only hard rule of prosody in this language pertains to syllables containing an ава (rough) vowel, which are stressed by default. However, in casual speech, primary stress usually occurs in a somewhat similar manner to English, and is often placed on the initial syllable of a word, and secondary stress is often trochaic (placed in repeating patterns of stressed-unstressed) from the beginning of the word

Phonotactics

Syllable Structure: (W/N)(C)6(W)2V/-P2(W)2(C)4(W/N)
Where:

  • C = Consonant
  • N = Nasal consonant
  • -P = Non-plosive
  • V = Vowel
  • W = Semivowel
  1. /r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/ cannot immediately follow a palato-alveolar consonant.
  2. Unstressed /ʲi/, /ʲe/, /ʲø/, /ʲɒ/, /ʲo/, /ʲɯ/ cannot precede liquids and will become lengthened /ː/ and/or undergo ава-ућу mutation.
  3. Lenis Stops are not released syllable-finally or preceding other Stops.
  4. Complex consonant clusters with non-plosives >C6 become syllabic.
  5. /j/, /w/, /ʕ/ become devoiced after aspirated Stops and assimilate with the plosive.
  6. Fortis and lenis equivalents of a given consonant cannot be adjacent unless at a syllable boundary.
  7. /t͡n̥l/ cannot occur.
  8. /ʡ/ cannot immediately follow a voiceless plosive or affricate, forcing the consonant in question to become an ejective

Ава-ућу vowel correspondence

Dãterške vowel mutation
Series # Ава Ућу
1 А Е
2 Ә Ӭ
3 И Ӕ
4 Э Ө
5 О У
6 Є І
7 Ӥ Ы
8 Ӧ Ұ
9 Ю Ӹ
10 Я Ё
11 аў,ӑу єұ
12 Р Л

Morphophonology

Due to the language being a semi-agglutinative language, little purely morphophonological processes take place other than the aforementioned vowel mutation. Because of this process alone, one could either analyze the language’s morphological typology as an agglutinative language with ablauting morphemes, or as a minor fusional language without sandhi.

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

The constituent order of the language is relatively straightforward, being almost exclusively SOV in almost all instances. Other word-orders (commonly SVO) may be used occasionally for poetic effect, but such must be clearly marked with affices denoting their grammatical role, often merely to avoid ambiguity.

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Main page: :Category:Dãterške literature

Swadesh list



No. English Dãterške
0DãterškeДаңтэршкэ
1Iхж
2you (singular)хи
3heэсі
4weмыр
5you (plural)хи'с
6theyэсі'с
7thisэхі
8thatэхі
9hereлєх ды хж
10thereлєх ды эхі
11whoўла'у
12whatўлэцћ
13whereўлэзђ
14whenўлатҝ
15howўлих
16notњэд
17allсфэх
18manyбвиӑҗӕы
19someу
20fewлэхмындопӀӕы
21otherщԇөмтӕы
22oneінэ
23twoџвћ
24threeнрій
25fourхԇрф
26fiveвпіђ
27bigбољщевӕы
28longбоюхӕы
29wideбољщевӕы
30thickдлекӕы
31heavyщрьєхӕы
32smallлэхӕы
33shortльыхӕы
34narrowлэхӕы
35thinблӕнзӕы
36womanфрау
37man (adult male)
38human beingйёй'
39childльыхфрау
40wifeебщаюңһа
41husbandебщаюңһа
42motherмам
43fatherмам
44animal
45fishғєчӥ
46birdфљећһа
47dog
48louse
49snake
50worm
51tree
52forest
53stickпӀалєчһа
54fruitџябрућөй
55seedбул
56leaf
57root
58bark
59flower
60grass
61ropeумукңәту
62skin
63meat-ишмалж
64bloodершы
65bone
66fatнрійпфӭӑшєл
67egg
68horn
69tail
70feather
71hairграӑюлш
72headњђәмӹнец
73earаўрӥс
74eyeӑәйн
75noseњђәмӹнец
76mouth
77tooth
78tongue
79fingernail
80foot
81legєӑөпӀһа
82kneeгену
83hand
84wing
85belly
86guts
87neck
88back
89breast
90heart
91liver
92drink
93eat
94bite
95suck
96spit
97vomit
98blow
99breathe
100laugh
101see
102hear
103know
104think
105smell
106fear
107sleep
108live
109die
110kill
111fight
112hunt
113hit
114cut
115split
116stab
117scratch
118dig
119swim
120fly
121walk
122come
123lie
124sit
125stand
126turn
127fall
128give
129hold
130squeeze
131rub
132wash
133wipe
134pull
135push
136throw
137tie
138sew
139count
140say
141sing
142play
143float
144flow
145freeze
146swell
147sun
148moon
149star
150water
151rain
152river
153lake
154sea
155salt
156stone
157sand
158dust
159earth
160cloud
161fog
162sky
163wind
164snow
165ice
166smoke
167fire
168ash
169burn
170road
171mountain
172red
173green
174yellow
175white
176black
177night
178day
179year
180warm
181cold
182full
183new
184old
185good
186bad
187rotten
188dirty
189straight
190round
191sharp
192dull
193smooth
194wet
195dry
196correctљәһвкӕы
197nearблъю
198farҝаһ
199rightжљэфң
200leftтљэфң
201atпрьи
202inдре
203withтсъу
204andи
205ifҝелф
206becauseжерг
207nameім'ьяћљ


Chemistry

Dãterške Periodic table of the Elements
Group ↓ Period → 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 H
һыд/'ыд 		Li
лиц 		Na
нҍид 		K
кчил 		Rb
дриб 		Cs
ҝиԇ 		Fr
фғинћ
2 Be
бірљ 		Mg
міџ 		Ca
гҍілс 		Sr
щӀіһ 		Ba
бірь 		Ra
ҝрішд
3 Sc
щӀэй 		Y
йэт 		La
лңҍяп 		Ac
'ӹџҍ
F1 Ce
сярп 		Th
цӹрь
F2 Pr
прязд 		Pa
прӹђъ
F3 Nd
лњяд 		U
ўӹрңҝ
F4 Pm
пяһ 		Np
нпӹгҝ
F5 Sm
смяһр 		Pu
пъӹхң
F6 Eu
пяб 		Am
ӑӹмь
F7 Gd
дяҗ/гяҗ 		Cm
кӹрҝ
F8 Tb
тярб 		Bk
вкӹԇҝ
F9 Dy
рдясп 		Cf
пфӹњҝ
F10 Ho
һял 		Es
йӹнст
F11 Er
һряц 		Fm
фмӹрь
F12 Tm
цялм 		Md
мдңӹл
F13 Yb
йят 		No
њӹбҝ
F14 Lu
ляӑт 		Lr
лрӹнџ
4 Ti
тэпӀ 		Zr
крэз 		Hf
хӭфң 		Rf
рфӭдь
5 V
внэлб 		Nb
њэў 		Ta
тӀӭп 		Db
дбӭўн
6 Cr
хрьэлм 		Mo
љэйд 		W
ўӭлӵ 		Sg
сгӭӵ
7 Mn
мнэг/њэмг 		Tc
йтэхц 		Re
рңӭщц 		Bh
бһӭр
8 Fe
фэҗ 		Ru
рэԇ 		Os
ӑӭљш 		Hs
һсӭӑ
9 Co
ҝэҗ 		Rh
рһэд 		Ir
ӑӭрд 		Mt
мтӭрң
10 Ni
њэҗ 		Pd
спэљ 		Pt
ӑӭп 		Ds
дшӭғм
11 Cu
гэп 		Ag
сэп 		Au
ӑӭўж 		Rg
ргӭт
12 Zn
ԇэн 		Cd
хэд 		Hg
ғмӭлһ 		Cn
цнӭрп
13 B
бөд 		Al
ӑљөм 		Ga
гҍөљ 		In
ӵөдң 		Tl
цөл 		Nh
нһөџң
14 C
гсъарб 		Si
саљ 		Ge/Esi
дач 		Sn
тсан 		Pb
пћаџб 		Fl
фларв
15 N
нхлет 		P
пресң 		As
сбехңт 		Sb
њхңет 		Bi
ԇңелғ 		Mc
мскевң
16 O
һок 		S
сњоб 		Se
срол 		Te
тољ 		Po
ҝпор 		Lv
лворҝ
17 F
фюңл 		Cl
хюңл 		Br
люңб 		I
йюңдь 		At
ҝюңӵ 		Ts
тсюңԇ
18 He
һұл 		Ne
ғњӥд 		Ar
хрёђ 		Kr
крєћ 		Xe
хсьәм 		Rn
ҝрӕун 		Og
ӑгӧњ

Lexicon

Main page: :Category:Dãterške words

Other resources

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