Flei/Old draft: Difference between revisions

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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''nə rhọb {{PAGENAME}}'' from ''*nàh ròpàh qéqèpàh'') is a classical language of ___. It's inspired by Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, and Vietnamese.


'''Ciêng''' (''KEE-əng''; natively: /kīəŋ/, [[Windermere]]: ''Cieng'') is a tonal [[Ashanic languages|Ashanic]] language spoken in Tumhan, inspired by Vietnamese and Welsh. ("What if Vietnamese were rhotic?") It is closely related to [[Windermere/Classical|Classical Windermere]] but is not a direct descendant of it.
== Phonology ==
b d g għ q = /p t k {{qeth}} ʔ/;


==Diachronics==
aspirated stops p t c k kħ;
TODO: cluster reflexes


Waaay before Grimm's law, thus b p were still voiced and tenuis stops > p + low resp. high tone classes
Spirants f θ x xħ ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/


Khmmerization BEFORE tone split
m n ŋ; ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ = /m n ŋ; v{{nas}} (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/


Numbers: thon, rhã, ziêu, chôi, mượr, tảy
x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/


whếp = light
b ƀ đ d y g ǥ = /v b(impl) d(impl) ð j ɣ (Eevo L)/


whì = dust
r l rh /r l (flap)/


Rhìa whươn mì Whền Whết = I live in Whehli (means something different with different tones)
hm hn hng hr voiceless resonants


lieb "to put" ~ lliệm
i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; iê uô


dưan tlẹ = to thank in Ciêng?
Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones


tlẹ could be cognate to tănlea "to refuse", dưan is cognate to Windermere şän
tones: a á à ả ã ạ (mid~falling high low rising~dipping nga nang)
=== Mutations ===
# Lenition: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ b d y g għ h 0 l rh
# L-coloring: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> m l ŋ ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
# Aspiration: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> hm hn hŋ ph th ch kh ħ s ph x hr


chổi = reflexive pronoun
== Proto-language ==
5 vowels: i e a o u; each mora had high and low tones


thỏi = learn (~ snoach)
allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVh, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)


rêng = net
Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs


truồng = long
Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q{{adv}} q{{ret}} ʔ ʃ w l r j/


==Phonology==
Tone reflexes (' denotes stress):
===Consonants===
(these occur by moras with long vowels counting as 2 moras): 'á > á; 'à > à; 'á.á > ã; 'á.à > a; 'à.á > ả; 'à.à > ạ (This occurs before syncope)
'''m n nr ng''' /m n (retro n) ŋ/


'''p t tr tl c qu''' /p t tʂ tl k kw ʔ/ (/ʔ/ not written)
umlaut like in OIr


'''ph th ch wh''' /f θ χ χw/
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns ===
Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and inflect for number (sg, du, pl) and case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms. The appropriate 3rd person possessed forms are used like construct state forms in possessive constructions.


'''z s rh ll h''' /s ʃ ʂ~r̥ ɬ h/
The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".


'''tz ts''' /ts tʃ/
article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)
==== Possessive prefixes ====
===== Type 1 possession =====
Type 1 possession is somewhat like inalienable possession. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''dependent'' form of the noun.
* sèmpèŋàrán > sệpŋă-N 'body'
* hísèmpèŋàrán > ispŋăr-N 'my body'
* ŋusèmpèŋàrán > ŋùspŋăr-N 'thy body'
* àsèmpèŋàrán > àspŋăr-N (animate)
* ànsèmpèŋàrán > àspŋăr-N (inanimate)
* láhisèmpèŋàrán > lispŋăr-N 'our body'
* númasèmpèŋàrán > nospŋăr-N 'your body'
* àlsèmpèŋàrán > àxpŋăr-N '3pl's body'
===== Type 2 posssession =====
Type 2 possession is the default possessive strategy. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''independent'' form of the noun.


'''w r l j''' /w r l j/
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)


===Vowels===
=== Verbs ===
'''ă a â e ê i o ô u ư ao eo êu aư ai oi ôi ia/iê iêu ua/uô uôi ươi ăr ar er ir or ur âr''' /a ɑ: ɜ ɛ e~ɪ~ɛɪ i~ɪj ɔ o~əʏ u: ɨ: aʊ ɛʊ eʊ aʏ aɪ ɔɪ oɪ iə iəw uə uəj æɹ ɒɹ eɹ iɹ oɹ oɹ əɹ/
Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes


===Tones===
P{{PAGENAME}} rò.mátse, láh.ràmátse '3sg saves, 3sg does not save' --> ră:más, la:hrảmhăs
6 tones of Viet
==Sample text==


'''''Tsor croth fa ășeal pluam te thür mis hăltsăbas tes imłin. Ănam hac răfongüe yas hălpăthin tes hălslith'a, te pdar thușnoa e nam tănse fidoan măceaf nătha mis șăgor hălchăsräf.'''''
productive redup
==== Inflection ====
Present tense forms of ''să·kumʰa'' '3sg remembers':
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Person  !! Primitive {{PAGENAME}} !! Underlying form !! {{PAGENAME}} surface form
|-
| 1SG || ''so.kúmpa-sa-t(í), .sòkúmpa-sa-t(í)'' || ''să·kommpṡẻ, ·sủgmbẻ'' || ''să·kumʰẻ, ·sủmmẻ''
|-
| 2SG || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ŋ(u), ·sòkúmpa-sa-ŋ(u)'' || ''să·kommpṡəŋ, ·sủgmbəŋ'' || ''să·kumʰụ, ·sủmmụ''
|-
| 3SG || ''so·kúmpa-sáse, ·sòkúmpa-sáse'' || ''să·kommpṡa, ·sủgmba'' || ''să·kumʰa, ·sủmma''
|-
| 1PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-lehi, ·sòkúmpa-sa-lehi'' || ''să·kommpṡlə̣j, ·sủgmblə̣j'' || ''să·kumʰlị, ·sủmlị''
|-
| 2PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-numa, ·sòkúmpa-sa-numa'' || ''să·kommpṡnăm, ·sủgmbnăm'' || ''să·kumʰnăm, ·sủmnăm''
|-
| 3PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ro, ·sòkúmpa-sa-ro'' || ''să·kommpṡər, ·sủgmbər'' || ''să·kumʰăr, ·sủmmăr''
|}


all human PERF be_born free and equal in-SPEC dignity and-SPEC PL-right. 3PL PASS endow with-SPEC reason and-SPEC conscience, and NOM 3PL one towards other in-SPEC spirit ABST-fellow
== Syntax ==
VOS, head-initial


(''Mategian; Bjeheondian'') [ts̠or̥ kʰr̥oð vä ʔɘˈʂeəl pʰluəm tʰe ðyr mis hlˈtsəbäs tʰes ʔimˈɬin ‖ ʔɘnäm häk rɘvoˈŋyə jäs̠ hlpɘˈðin tʰes̠ hls̠liθˈʔa, tʰe pʰɘdar ðuʃˈnoə ʔe näm tʰnze viˈdoən mɘˈkʰeəv nɘˈðä mis̠ ʂəˈɣor̥ hlxɘzˈræf]
question particle să-L
 
(''Wen Dămea'') [tso̞:r kʰr̥o̞:ð fä əˈʃeːɤˁ pʰχˁuəm tʰe̞ θy:r mis hɤˁˈtsɑ:z tʰe̞s imˈɬi:n ‖ ənä:m häk rəvo̞ˈŋyə jäs hɤˁpəˈðin tʰe̞s hɤˁsʁˁiθˈʔa, tʰe̞ pʰta:r θuʃˈnoə ʔe̞ nä:m tʰənse̞: fiˈdoən məˈkʰeəv nəˈðä: mis ʃko̞:r  hɤˁxəzˈre:v]
 
 
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Lakovic languages]]

Latest revision as of 23:28, 30 October 2024

Pages with the prefix 'Flei/Old draft' in the and 'Talk' namespaces:

Talk:

Flei/Old draft (nə rhọb Flei/Old draft from *nàh ròpàh qéqèpàh) is a classical language of ___. It's inspired by Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, and Vietnamese.

Phonology

b d g għ q = /p t k ʡ ʔ/;

aspirated stops p t c k kħ;

Spirants f θ x xħ ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/

m n ŋ; ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ = /m n ŋ; ṽ (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/

x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/

b ƀ đ d y g ǥ = /v b(impl) d(impl) ð j ɣ (Eevo L)/

r l rh /r l (flap)/

hm hn hng hr voiceless resonants

i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; iê uô

Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones

tones: a á à ả ã ạ (mid~falling high low rising~dipping nga nang)

Mutations

  1. Lenition: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ b d y g għ h 0 l rh
  2. L-coloring: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> m l ŋ ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
  3. Aspiration: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> hm hn hŋ ph th ch kh ħ s ph x hr

Proto-language

5 vowels: i e a o u; each mora had high and low tones

allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVh, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)

Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs

Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q̟ q̠ ʔ ʃ w l r j/

Tone reflexes (' denotes stress): (these occur by moras with long vowels counting as 2 moras): 'á > á; 'à > à; 'á.á > ã; 'á.à > a; 'à.á > ả; 'à.à > ạ (This occurs before syncope)

umlaut like in OIr

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and inflect for number (sg, du, pl) and case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms. The appropriate 3rd person possessed forms are used like construct state forms in possessive constructions.

The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".

article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)

Possessive prefixes

Type 1 possession

Type 1 possession is somewhat like inalienable possession. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the dependent form of the noun.

  • sèmpèŋàrán > sệpŋă-N 'body'
  • hísèmpèŋàrán > ispŋăr-N 'my body'
  • ŋusèmpèŋàrán > ŋùspŋăr-N 'thy body'
  • àsèmpèŋàrán > àspŋăr-N (animate)
  • ànsèmpèŋàrán > àspŋăr-N (inanimate)
  • láhisèmpèŋàrán > lispŋăr-N 'our body'
  • númasèmpèŋàrán > nospŋăr-N 'your body'
  • àlsèmpèŋàrán > àxpŋăr-N '3pl's body'
Type 2 posssession

Type 2 possession is the default possessive strategy. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the independent form of the noun.

Adjectives

Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)

Verbs

Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes

PFlei/Old draft rò.mátse, láh.ràmátse '3sg saves, 3sg does not save' --> ră:más, la:hrảmhăs

productive redup

Inflection

Present tense forms of să·kumʰa '3sg remembers':

Person Primitive Flei/Old draft Underlying form Flei/Old draft surface form
1SG so.kúmpa-sa-t(í), .sòkúmpa-sa-t(í) să·kommpṡẻ, ·sủgmbẻ să·kumʰẻ, ·sủmmẻ
2SG so·kúmpa-sa-ŋ(u), ·sòkúmpa-sa-ŋ(u) să·kommpṡəŋ, ·sủgmbəŋ să·kumʰụ, ·sủmmụ
3SG so·kúmpa-sáse, ·sòkúmpa-sáse să·kommpṡa, ·sủgmba să·kumʰa, ·sủmma
1PL so·kúmpa-sa-lehi, ·sòkúmpa-sa-lehi să·kommpṡlə̣j, ·sủgmblə̣j să·kumʰlị, ·sủmlị
2PL so·kúmpa-sa-numa, ·sòkúmpa-sa-numa să·kommpṡnăm, ·sủgmbnăm să·kumʰnăm, ·sủmnăm
3PL so·kúmpa-sa-ro, ·sòkúmpa-sa-ro să·kommpṡər, ·sủgmbər să·kumʰăr, ·sủmmăr

Syntax

VOS, head-initial

question particle să-L

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