Flei/Old draft: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:28, 30 October 2024

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Flei/Old draft (nə rhọb Flei/Old draft from *nàh ròpàh qéqèpàh) is a classical language of ___. It's inspired by Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, and Vietnamese.

Phonology

b d g għ q = /p t k ʡ ʔ/;

aspirated stops p t c k kħ;

Spirants f θ x xħ ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/

m n ŋ; ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ = /m n ŋ; ṽ (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/

x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/

b ƀ đ d y g ǥ = /v b(impl) d(impl) ð j ɣ (Eevo L)/

r l rh /r l (flap)/

hm hn hng hr voiceless resonants

i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; iê uô

Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones

tones: a á à ả ã ạ (mid~falling high low rising~dipping nga nang)

Mutations

Lenition: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ b d y g għ h 0 l rh
L-coloring: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> m l ŋ ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
Aspiration: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> hm hn hŋ ph th ch kh ħ s ph x hr

Proto-language

5 vowels: i e a o u; each mora had high and low tones

allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVh, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)

Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs

Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q̟ q̠ ʔ ʃ w l r j/

Tone reflexes (' denotes stress): (these occur by moras with long vowels counting as 2 moras): 'á > á; 'à > à; 'á.á > ã; 'á.à > a; 'à.á > ả; 'à.à > ạ (This occurs before syncope)

umlaut like in OIr

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and inflect for number (sg, du, pl) and case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms. The appropriate 3rd person possessed forms are used like construct state forms in possessive constructions.

The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".

article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)

Possessive prefixes

Type 1 possession

Type 1 possession is somewhat like inalienable possession. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the dependent form of the noun.

sèmpèŋàrán > sệpŋă-N 'body'
hísèmpèŋàrán > ispŋăr-N 'my body'
ŋusèmpèŋàrán > ŋùspŋăr-N 'thy body'
àsèmpèŋàrán > àspŋăr-N (animate)
ànsèmpèŋàrán > àspŋăr-N (inanimate)
láhisèmpèŋàrán > lispŋăr-N 'our body'
númasèmpèŋàrán > nospŋăr-N 'your body'
àlsèmpèŋàrán > àxpŋăr-N '3pl's body'

Type 2 posssession

Type 2 possession is the default possessive strategy. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the independent form of the noun.

Adjectives

Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)

Verbs

Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes

PFlei/Old draft rò.mátse, láh.ràmátse '3sg saves, 3sg does not save' --> ră:más, la:hrảmhăs

productive redup

Inflection

Present tense forms of să·kumʰa '3sg remembers':

Person	Primitive Flei/Old draft	Underlying form	Flei/Old draft surface form
1SG	so.kúmpa-sa-t(í), .sòkúmpa-sa-t(í)	să·kommpṡẻ, ·sủgmbẻ	să·kumʰẻ, ·sủmmẻ
2SG	so·kúmpa-sa-ŋ(u), ·sòkúmpa-sa-ŋ(u)	să·kommpṡəŋ, ·sủgmbəŋ	să·kumʰụ, ·sủmmụ
3SG	so·kúmpa-sáse, ·sòkúmpa-sáse	să·kommpṡa, ·sủgmba	să·kumʰa, ·sủmma
1PL	so·kúmpa-sa-lehi, ·sòkúmpa-sa-lehi	să·kommpṡlə̣j, ·sủgmblə̣j	să·kumʰlị, ·sủmlị
2PL	so·kúmpa-sa-numa, ·sòkúmpa-sa-numa	să·kommpṡnăm, ·sủgmbnăm	să·kumʰnăm, ·sủmnăm
3PL	so·kúmpa-sa-ro, ·sòkúmpa-sa-ro	să·kommpṡər, ·sủgmbər	să·kumʰăr, ·sủmmăr

Syntax

VOS, head-initial

question particle să-L

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-:[[Ciêng/Lexicon]]
+{{list subpages}}
-:[[Ciêng/Swadesh list]]
+'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''nə rhọb {{PAGENAME}}'' from ''*nàh ròpàh qéqèpàh'') is a classical language of ___. It's inspired by Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, and Vietnamese.
+== Phonology ==
+b d g għ q = /p t k {{qeth}} ʔ/;
-{{Infobox language
+aspirated stops p t c k kħ;
-|image =
-|imagesize =
-|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]], [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
-|name = Ciêng
-|nativename = jươn Ciêng
-|pronunciation=/jɨən kiəŋ/
-|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
-|region = Bjeheond
-|speakers= 270 million
-|date=13b0dd
-|familycolor=tergetic
-|fam1=[[Lakovic]]
-|fam2=[[Ashanic]]
-|fam3=[[Windermere]]
-|script=Windermere script
-|iso3=
-|notice=IPA
-}}
-'''Ciêng''' (''KEE-əng''; natively: /kīəŋ/, [[Windermere]]: ''Cieng'') is a tonal [[Ashanic languages|Ashanic]] language spoken in Tumhan, inspired by Vietnamese and Welsh. ("What if Vietnamese were rhotic?") It is closely related to [[Windermere/Classical|Classical Windermere]] but is not a direct descendant of it.
+Spirants f θ x xħ ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/
-==Diachronics==
+m n ŋ; ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ = /m n ŋ; v{{nas}} (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/
-TODO: cluster reflexes
-Waaay before Grimm's law, thus b p were still voiced and tenuis stops > p + low resp. high tone classes
+x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/
-Khmmerization BEFORE tone split
+b ƀ đ d y g ǥ = /v b(impl) d(impl) ð j ɣ (Eevo L)/
-Numbers: thon, rhã, ziêu, chôi, mượr, tảy
+r l rh /r l (flap)/
-whếp = light
+hm hn hng hr voiceless resonants
-whì = dust
+i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; iê uô
-Rhìa whươn mì Whền Whết = I live in Whehli (means something different with different tones)
+Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones
-lieb "to put" ~ lliệm
+tones: a á à ả ã ạ (mid~falling high low rising~dipping nga nang)
+=== Mutations ===
+# Lenition: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ b d y g għ h 0 l rh
+# L-coloring: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> m l ŋ ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
+# Aspiration: m n ŋ p t c k kħ s v l r -> hm hn hŋ ph th ch kh ħ s ph x hr
-dưan tlẹ = to thank in Ciêng?
+== Proto-language ==
+vowels: i e a o u; each mora had high and low tones
-tlẹ could be cognate to tănlea "to refuse", dưan is cognate to Windermere şän
+allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVh, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)
-chổi = reflexive pronoun
+Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs
-thỏi = learn (~ snoach)
+Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q{{adv}} q{{ret}} ʔ ʃ w l r j/
-rêng = net
+Tone reflexes (' denotes stress):
+(these occur by moras with long vowels counting as 2 moras): 'á > á; 'à > à; 'á.á > ã; 'á.à > a; 'à.á > ả; 'à.à > ạ (This occurs before syncope)
-truồng = long
+umlaut like in OIr
-==Phonology==
+== Morphology ==
-===Consonants===
+=== Nouns ===
-'''m n nr ng''' /m n (retro n) ŋ/
+Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and inflect for number (sg, du, pl) and case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms. The appropriate 3rd person possessed forms are used like construct state forms in possessive constructions.
-'''p t tr tl c qu''' /p t tʂ tl k kw ʔ/ (/ʔ/ not written)
+The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".
-'''ph th ch wh''' /f θ χ χw/
+article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)
+==== Possessive prefixes ====
+===== Type 1 possession =====
+Type 1 possession is somewhat like inalienable possession. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''dependent'' form of the noun.
+* sèmpèŋàrán > sệpŋă-N 'body'
+* hísèmpèŋàrán > ispŋăr-N 'my body'
+* ŋusèmpèŋàrán > ŋùspŋăr-N 'thy body'
+* àsèmpèŋàrán > àspŋăr-N (animate)
+* ànsèmpèŋàrán > àspŋăr-N (inanimate)
+* láhisèmpèŋàrán > lispŋăr-N 'our body'
+* númasèmpèŋàrán > nospŋăr-N 'your body'
+* àlsèmpèŋàrán > àxpŋăr-N '3pl's body'
+===== Type 2 posssession =====
+Type 2 possession is the default possessive strategy. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''independent'' form of the noun.
-'''z s rh ll h''' /s ʃ ʂ~r̥ ɬ h/
+=== Adjectives ===
+Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)
-'''tz ts''' /ts tʃ/
+=== Verbs ===
+Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes
-'''w r l j''' /w r l j/
+P{{PAGENAME}} rò.mátse, láh.ràmátse '3sg saves, 3sg does not save' --> ră:más, la:hrảmhăs
--w- is an onglide
+productive redup
+==== Inflection ====
+Present tense forms of ''să·kumʰa'' '3sg remembers':
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Person  !! Primitive {{PAGENAME}} !! Underlying form !! {{PAGENAME}} surface form
+|-
+| 1SG || ''so.kúmpa-sa-t(í), .sòkúmpa-sa-t(í)'' || ''să·kommpṡẻ, ·sủgmbẻ'' || ''să·kumʰẻ, ·sủmmẻ''
+|-
+| 2SG || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ŋ(u), ·sòkúmpa-sa-ŋ(u)'' || ''să·kommpṡəŋ, ·sủgmbəŋ'' || ''să·kumʰụ, ·sủmmụ''
+|-
+| 3SG || ''so·kúmpa-sáse, ·sòkúmpa-sáse'' || ''să·kommpṡa, ·sủgmba'' || ''să·kumʰa, ·sủmma''
+|-
+| 1PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-lehi, ·sòkúmpa-sa-lehi'' || ''să·kommpṡlə̣j, ·sủgmblə̣j'' || ''să·kumʰlị, ·sủmlị''
+|-
+| 2PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-numa, ·sòkúmpa-sa-numa'' || ''să·kommpṡnăm, ·sủgmbnăm'' || ''să·kumʰnăm, ·sủmnăm''
+|-
+| 3PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ro, ·sòkúmpa-sa-ro'' || ''să·kommpṡər, ·sủgmbər'' || ''să·kumʰăr, ·sủmmăr''
+|}
-===Vowels===
+== Syntax ==
-'''ă a â e ê i o ô u ư ao eo êu aư ai oi ôi ia/iê iêu ua/uô uôi ươi ăr ar er ir or ur âr''' /a ɑ: ɜ ɛ e~ɪ~ɛɪ i~ɪj ɔ o~əʏ u: ɨ: aʊ ɛʊ eʊ aʏ aɪ ɔɪ oɪ iə iəw uə uəj æɹ ɒɹ eɹ iɹ oɹ oɹ əɹ/
+VOS, head-initial
-===Tones===
+question particle să-L
-tones of Viet
-==Sample text==
-===UDHR===
-{{col-begin}}
-{{col-break}}
-Ciêng
-Sôn khổ sây àng khen whồi tề tưr thết mì pòi rhành tề mốc sin. Tzôr jánh llao ngá phuộng tề pòi mông lla, àng thoàr nạt tzôr tsó thon sa mảy mì rhuỗr dàư khung teng.
-{{col-break}}
-Ciêng Gloss
-all person are_born then free and equal in state dignity and get right. they receive down ability reason and state think back, and must SUBJ they work act one to other in heart of love brother
-{{col-break}}
-[[Windermere|Modern Wdm.]]
-Tsor croth fa ășeal pluam te thür mis hăltsăbas tes imłin. Ănam hac răfongüe yas hălpăthin tes hălslith'a, te pdar thușnoa e nam tănse fidoan măceaf nătha mis șăgor hălchăsräf.
-{{col-break}}
-English
-All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
-{{col-end}}
-[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Lakovic languages]]

Flei/Old draft: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:28, 30 October 2024

Contents

Phonology

Mutations

Proto-language

Morphology

Nouns

Possessive prefixes

Type 1 possession

Type 2 posssession

Adjectives

Verbs

Inflection

Syntax

Navigation menu

Flei/Old draft: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:28, 30 October 2024

Phonology

Mutations

Proto-language

Morphology

Nouns

Possessive prefixes

Type 1 possession

Type 2 posssession

Adjectives

Verbs

Inflection

Syntax

Navigation menu

Search