Azalic: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
(Replaced content with "{{list subpages}} '''Azalic''' is a Hivantic language spoken in the country of Åzalaa in Verse:Ed Dynje. Category:Indo-European languages*Category:Ed Dynje")
Tag: Replaced
 
(145 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]
{{list subpages}}
'''Azalic''' is a Hivantic language spoken in the country of Åzalaa in [[Verse:Ed Dynje]].


'''Azalic''' is an imagined Indo-European branch, intended to serve as an alternate possible diachronics of the English language.
[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Azalic languages|*]][[Category:Ed Dynje]]
 
The name ''Azalic'' is a Persian cognate of Əngoil /ˈəngojl/, the legendary mother of the Azalic people (cognate of Ahalyā in Hindu mythology).
 
==Family tree==
*Azalic
**[[Time Traveler English]]
**[[Khuômiskh]]
**a living Proto-Azalic
 
==Phonology==
Inspirations: Vietnamese, Armenian, literally read Irish
 
'''m n bh dh gh ᵹh p t c q ph th ch qh ṗ ṫ ċ q̇ s ṡ h l r y v'''
 
/m n
bʰ dʰ gʰ gʷʰ
p t k kʷ
pʰ tʰ kʰ kʷʰ
f θ x xw
s z h
l r j w/
 
Vowels: '''e i o u ə é í ó ú oe aw eo ou ieu ia ua''' /e i o u ə e: i: o: u: oe əɨ eo əu iəu iə uə/ + offglides in -i; allophonic Open Syllable Lengthening
 
 
Reflexes:
*oi > uə
*iH > i:
*ei > oə, sometimes iə
*ē > e:
*e, i > e, i
*uH > u:
*u > u (needs umlaut)
*ou > əɨ
*eu > əɨ (iəu in some words)
*o > o (needs umlaut)
*oH, ô, eh2, eh3 > əu
 
*enC > oeC
*onC > əuC
*nC > eoC
 
h1oinos, dwoh1, treyes, kwetwores, penkwe, sweks, septm, oktōw, h₁néwn̥, deḱm
-> xuən, təu, tʰriə~tʰre:, pʰoþur, pʰoəxw, seks, sefn, oxʰtəu, nəɨn, texn~te:n
 
huon, tou, thré, phoṫur, phoeq̇, secs, seṗn, ohtou, nawn, teċn/tén
 
h₃nómṇ > *nomə > L-MidE ''name'' > ''name''
 
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
Proto-Azalic had a highly eroded case system. The notation (i) denotes "i-umlaut" or a j-offglide on the nucleus.
 
*dir. -0, (i)
*voc. (i), (i)
*obl. (i)~(i)-ə~ə, -su~-ṡu
*gen. -is, (i)-is~-ə
*lat. -ther, (no pl)
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''wəlqh'' 'wolf'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''wəlqh'' || ''wəilqh''
|-
! Vocative
| ''wəilqh'' || ''wəilqh''
|-
! Genitive
| ''wəlqhəis'' || ''wəilqhis, wəlqhə''
|-
! Oblique
| ''wəilqhə'' || ''wəilqhsu''
|-
! Lative
| ''wəlqhthir'' || ''-''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''qenə'' 'lady; wife'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''qenə'' || ''qenəh''
|-
! Vocative
| ''qenə'' || ''qenəh''
|-
! Genitive
| ''qenəis'' || ''qenə''
|-
! Oblique
| ''qenə'' || ''qenəṡu''
|-
! Lative
| ''qenəthir'' || ''-''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''ghous'' 'goose'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''ghous'' || ''ghouis''
|-
! Vocative
| ''ghouis'' || ''ghouis''
|-
! Genitive
| ''ghousəis'' || ''ghouisis, ghousə''
|-
! Oblique
| ''ghouis'' || ''ghoussu''
|-
! Lative
| ''ghousthir'' || ''-''
|}
 
===Adjectives===
Adjectives were uninflected, because they were split off from adjective-noun compounds.
===Pronouns===
The conjunctive pronouns were used as pronominal subjects in unmarked sentences. The disjunctive pronouns were used as direct, indirect or prepositional objects and as emphasis in sentences such as ''It est mé'' "It's me".
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
! rowspan=2 | case || rowspan=2 | 1sg. || rowspan=2 | 2sg. || colspan=3 | 3sg. proximal || rowspan=2 | 1pl. || rowspan=2 | 2pl. || rowspan="2" | 3pl, distal
|-
! 'he' || 'she' || 'it'
|-
! Conjunctive
| ''iċ'' || ''júh'' || ''cheh'' || ''sí'' || ''it'' || ''wia'' || ''júh'' || ''ṫoe''
|-
! Disjunctive
| ''mé'' || ''jú'' || ''chem'' || ''chéh'' || ''it'' || ''eos'' || ''jú'' || ''ṫem''
|-
! Possessive
| ''mínə'' || ''jurə'' || ''chessə'' || ''chéṡə'' || ''essə'' || ''eosərə'' || ''jurə'' || ''ṫoerə''
|}
 
===Verbs===
-eh2ti > -ə; -yeti, -eyeti > (i)-ə
 
Verb tenses were relatively complex, but the original PIE personal affixes were lost.
 
When the subject was nominal singular, "he", "she" or "it", the suffix ''-se'' (from PIE *swe) was required for verbal agreement. The 2sg and 3sg distal pronouns are number neutral so they didn't take ''-se''.
 
The different forms were:
*Imperative (source of English imperative and subjunctive): non-past without any endings
*Nonpast (the source of the English present): e-grade or otherwise the unmarked form of the verb
*Past: PIE reduplicated perfect or root aorist
*Irrealis (source of the English subjunctive ''were''): sigmatic future.
*Stative (the source of the English past): a tenseless form like the Akkadian stative. Originally a deverbal noun; formed with the o-grade (deriving nouns in PIE) for strongs, -d from -tús for weaks, (i)-ə from -ih2 for semistrongs. It was not a true finite verb form so it didn't take ''-se''.
**Modal verbs such as ''can, will, shall, may, must, ought'' are stative-present verbs.
*Active participle: -ənt
**''-ənt-qhe'' became the present progressive ''-ing'' in English.
*Passive participle (source of English past participle): zero-grade with -n from -nós, or -d from -tós
 
Proto-Azalic had at least three distinct verb paradigms:
*The weak verbs became the English weaks
*The strong verbs became the non-class 7 strongs in English (e.g. ''bind'')
*The semistrong verbs became the class 7 strongs such as ''fall, hold, grow, know''
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Verb conjugation
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Weak: ''luṗə'' 'love'
!  style="width: 100px;" | Strong: ''bhendh'' 'bind'
!  style="width: 100px;" | Semistrong: ''choldh'' 'grasp'
|-
! Imperative
| ''luṗə'' || ''bhendh'' || ''choldh''
|-
! Nonpast
| ''luṗə(-se)'' || ''bhendh(-se)'' || ''choldh(-se)''
|-
! Past
| ''leluṗə(-se)'' || ''bhəndh(-se)'' || ''cechəldh(-se)''
|-
! Irrealis
| ''luṗəṡə(-se), luṗəh(-se)'' || ''bhendhəṡə(-se), bhendhəh(-se)'' || ''choldhəṡə(-se), choldhəh(-se)''
|-
! Stative
| ''luṗəd'' || ''bhondh'' || ''choildhə''
|-
! Active part.
| ''luṗənt'' || ''bhəndhənt'' || ''choldhənt''
|-
! Passive part.
| ''luṗəd'' || ''bhəndhən'' || ''choldhən''
|}
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
*SVO, VSO in questions or for emphasis
*Prepositions over postpositions
*Adjectives and genitives before nouns; relative clauses after nouns.
[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Azalic languages|*]][[Category:Lõis]]

Latest revision as of 06:25, 4 May 2023

Pages with the prefix 'Azalic' in the and 'Talk' namespaces:

Talk:

Azalic is a Hivantic language spoken in the country of Åzalaa in Verse:Ed Dynje.

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Azalic&oldid=302883"