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'''Druidic Hebrew''' is the stage of [[Xnánið]] after the split from Biblical Hebrew in the 6th century BC and before 9th century CE.
{{Infobox language
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|nativename = *hak-kana3nījō
|image =
|setting = [[Verse:Irta]]
|name = Ancient Knench
|pronunciation =
|region =
|states =
|speakers =
|date =
|familycolor=afroasiatic
|fam1=Afro-Asiatic
|fam2=Semitic
|fam3=Central Semitic
|fam4=Canaanite
}}


It was the liturgical language of Canaanite druidism.
'''Ancient Knench''', also called "Punic" in Irta (natively ''*hal-lašůn hak-kana3nījō'' 'the Canaanite language') is the earliest attested stage of [[Knench]], first attested in the era of Biblical Hebrew. Post-Christianity it underwent drastic changes in mere centuries, thus ushering in the era of modern [[Knench]]. Ancient Knench was spoken in Iberia. Its premise is "Phoenician or Punic but a bit more Proto-Germanic".
 
Ancient Knench developed in isolation from Hebrew and was influenced by Azalic languages and Latin. It is a separate lineage from the dialect of Canaanite that eventually gave rise to Mishnaic Hebrew and the Jewish Hebrew reading traditions in Irta.
 
==Todo==
*When should matres lectionis be used?
*some a-priori roots
*Vowel reduction:
**final originally unstressed long > short


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
Ancient Knench was written in an abjad descended from the Proto-Hebrew script. Vowels are attested in Latin and Greek transcriptions.
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
/m p b f v n t d th θ ð ts s tsʼ ʃ ɣ̃ ħ k g kh x ɣ h l w j r/ {{angbr|''m p b f v n t d ᴛ θ δ z s ts' š ȝ ħ k g ᴋ χ γ h l w y r''}}
Out of the 25 consonants of Proto-Canaanite, Ancient Knench merged:
* /x/ with /ħ/ into /χ/
* /ʕ/ and /ɣ/ into /ʁ̃/
* /ɬ/ and /{{š}}/ into /s{{ret}}/


/l/ allophonically velarized before C.
[m f b~>v p{{phar}}˭~>p˭ n t{{den}}{{asp}} d{{den}}~>ð t{{den}}{{phar}}˭~>t{{den}}˭ t͡sʰ~>s d͡z~>z t͡s{{phar}}˭~>t͡s˭ s{{ret}} ʁ̃ χ k{{asp}} g~>ɣ k{{ret}}˭~>k˭ l{{den}} w j r~>ɹ ʔ~Ø ɦ~h~Ø] '''m f b π n t d ṭ s z ṣ š ʕ ḥ k g q l w y r ʔ h'''
====Mutations====
Words can undergo initial mutation but the mutations are different from the begadkefat spirantization in Tiberian Hebrew.


===Vowels===
/pˁ/ '''π''' was a loan phoneme from Indo-European languages such as Latin, Greek, and Azalic.
Old Knánith had a rather simple vowel system:
 
Emphatic stops were distinguished by being pharyngealized and unaspirated; however, pharyngealization was slowly lost and the distinction became not being aspirated unlike '''t k s'''. Word-finally they could be released in one of three ways:
* ejective release: [p{{phar}}ʼ t{{den}}{{phar}}ʼ t͡s{{phar}}ʼ k{{ret}}ʼ]
* aspirated release: [p{{phar}}{{asp}} t{{den}}{{phar}}{{asp}} t͡s{{phar}}{{asp}} k{{ret}}{{asp}}]
* voiced release: [b{{phar}} d{{den}}{{phar}} d͡z{{phar}} g{{ret}}]
* Alternatively, '''π ṭ q''' could be unreleased word-finally: [p̚ˤ t̪̚ˤ k̠̚].


'''a e i o u ø á é í ó ú''' /a e i o u ə a: e: i: o: u:/
It is thought that Late Ancient Knench '''b d z g''' were in the process of fricativizing to /v ð z ɣ/.


/ə/ was a result of vowel reduction.
===Vowels===
Ancient Knench retained Proto-Canaanite vowel length and developed overlong vowels. It had the chain shift ''ā'' > ''ō'' (Seoul Korean ''eo'') > ''ů'' (Seoul Korean ''o''), similar to our timeline's Punic, and developed a new ''ā'' from compensatory lengthening.


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
Stress was penultimate for most words.
Stress tends to be final
 
====Intonation====
===Morphophonology===
==Grammar==
Still basically Hebrew (except with penultimate stress), with inflected verbs.


Syntax was retained as VSO under the influence of Celtic.
== Morphology ==
===Nouns===
=== Adjectives ===
===Verbs===
ṭůb, ṭůbṓ, ṭůbī́m, ṭůbů́t
All 7 binyanim of Biblical Hebrew were in use.


Verbs had the following forms:
[[Category:Semitic languages]]
*Past
[[Category:Languages]]
*Non-past
[[Category:Stem-Hebrew]]
*Imperative
*Infinitive

Latest revision as of 12:49, 17 May 2026

Ancient Knench
*hak-kana3nījō
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Irta
Afro-Asiatic
  • Semitic
    • Central Semitic
      • Canaanite
        • Ancient Knench

Ancient Knench, also called "Punic" in Irta (natively *hal-lašůn hak-kana3nījō 'the Canaanite language') is the earliest attested stage of Knench, first attested in the era of Biblical Hebrew. Post-Christianity it underwent drastic changes in mere centuries, thus ushering in the era of modern Knench. Ancient Knench was spoken in Iberia. Its premise is "Phoenician or Punic but a bit more Proto-Germanic".

Ancient Knench developed in isolation from Hebrew and was influenced by Azalic languages and Latin. It is a separate lineage from the dialect of Canaanite that eventually gave rise to Mishnaic Hebrew and the Jewish Hebrew reading traditions in Irta.

Todo

  • When should matres lectionis be used?
  • some a-priori roots
  • Vowel reduction:
    • final originally unstressed long > short

Phonology

Orthography

Ancient Knench was written in an abjad descended from the Proto-Hebrew script. Vowels are attested in Latin and Greek transcriptions.

Consonants

Out of the 25 consonants of Proto-Canaanite, Ancient Knench merged:

  • /x/ with /ħ/ into /χ/
  • /ʕ/ and /ɣ/ into /ʁ̃/
  • /ɬ/ and /ʃ/ into /s̠/

[m f b~>v pˁ˭~>p˭ n t̪ʰ d̪~>ð t̪ˁ˭~>t̪˭ t͡sʰ~>s d͡z~>z t͡sˁ˭~>t͡s˭ s̠ ʁ̃ χ kʰ g~>ɣ k̠˭~>k˭ l̪ w j r~>ɹ ʔ~Ø ɦ~h~Ø] m f b π n t d ṭ s z ṣ š ʕ ḥ k g q l w y r ʔ h

/pˁ/ π was a loan phoneme from Indo-European languages such as Latin, Greek, and Azalic.

Emphatic stops were distinguished by being pharyngealized and unaspirated; however, pharyngealization was slowly lost and the distinction became not being aspirated unlike t k s. Word-finally they could be released in one of three ways:

  • ejective release: [pˁʼ t̪ˁʼ t͡sˁʼ k̠ʼ]
  • aspirated release: [pˁʰ t̪ˁʰ t͡sˁʰ k̠ʰ]
  • voiced release: [bˁ d̪ˁ d͡zˁ g̠]
  • Alternatively, π ṭ q could be unreleased word-finally: [p̚ˤ t̪̚ˤ k̠̚].

It is thought that Late Ancient Knench b d z g were in the process of fricativizing to /v ð z ɣ/.

Vowels

Ancient Knench retained Proto-Canaanite vowel length and developed overlong vowels. It had the chain shift ā > ō (Seoul Korean eo) > ů (Seoul Korean o), similar to our timeline's Punic, and developed a new ā from compensatory lengthening.

Prosody

Stress

Stress tends to be final

Morphology

Adjectives

ṭůb, ṭůbṓ, ṭůbī́m, ṭůbů́t

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