Verse:Tdūrzů/Hebrew: Difference between revisions

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ŋ'''Modern Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית חדשה}}, ''ivris chadosho''), also known as '''Israeli Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית ישראלית}} ''ivris yisre'eilis'')...
== Comparison text (D'ror yiqrå) ==
<poem>
דְּרוֹר יִקְרָא לְבֵן עִם בַּת
וְיִנְצָרְכֶם כְּמוֹ בָבַת
נְעִים שִׁמְכֶם וְלֹא יֻשְׁבַּת
שְׁבוּ נוּחוּ בְּיוֹם שַׁבָּת


==Phonology==
דְּרוֹשׁ נָוִי וְאוּלָמִי
===Consonants===
וְאוֹת יֶשַׁע עֲשֵׂה עִמִּי
The Hebrew word for consonants is ''‘itzurį́'' ({{lang|he|עיצורים}}). The following table lists the Hebrew consonants and their pronunciation in [[IPA]] transcription:
נְטַע שׂוֹרֵק בְּתוֹךְ כַּרְמִי
שְׁעֵה שַׁוְעַת בְּנֵי עַמִּי


{| class="wikitable"
דְּרוֹךְ פּוּרָה בְּתוֹךְ בָּצְרָה
|+Consonants
וְגַם בָּבֶל אֲשֶׁר גָּבְרָה
|-
נְתוֹץ צָרַי בְּאַף עֶבְרָה
!
שְׁמַע קוֹלִי בְּיוֹם אֶקְרָא
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br />alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
!colspan=2|[[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-align=center
![[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|n}}
|
|
|
|colspan=2|
|
|-align=center
![[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
|{{IPA|p}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|b}}
|{{IPA|t}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|d}}
|
|
|{{IPA|k}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ɡ}}
| colspan=2|
| {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-align=center
![[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
| {{IPA|ts}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| {{IPA|tʃ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|dʒ}}
|
|
|colspan=2|
|
|-align=center
![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| {{IPA|f}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|v}}
| {{IPA|s}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ʒ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|χ}} || rowspan=2|{{IPA|ʁ}}
| {{IPA|h}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-align=center
![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|{{IPA|l}}
|
|{{IPA|j}}
|{{IPA|w}}
|
|
|}
===Vowels===
Israeli Hebrew has 6 oral vowels and just as many nasal vowels. Vowels tend to reduce in unstressed syllables.


{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
אֱלֹקים תֵּן בַּמִּדְבָּר הַר
![[Phoneme]]
הֲדַס שִׁטָּה בְּרוֹשׁ תִּדְהָר
! colspan=3|Example
וְלַמַּזְהִיר וְלַנִּזְהָר
|-
שְׁלוֹמִים תֵּן כְּמֵי נָהָר
|{{IPA|/a/}}
 
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔädø̃]}}</span>
הֲדוֹךְ קָמַי חַי אֵל קַנָּא
| {{heb|אדון}}
בְּמוֹג לֵבָב וּבִמְגִנָּה
|'lord, sir'
וְנַרְחִיב פֶּה וּנְמַלֶּאנָּה
|-
לְשׁוֹנֵנוּ לְךָ רִנָּה
|{{IPA|/ã/}}
 
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔãˑtsi]}}</span>
דְּעֵה חָכְמָה לְנַפְשֶׁךָ
| {{heb|אמציא}}
וְהִיא כֶתֶר לְרֹאשֶׁךָ
|'I will invent'
נְצוֹר מִצְוַת קְדֹשֶׁךָ
|-
שְׁמוֹר שַׁבָּת קָדְשֶׁךָ
|{{IPA|/e/}}
</poem>
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔevẽ]}}</span>
 
| {{heb|אבן}}
== East Asian readings ==
|'stone'
Qamatz gadol usually stays distinct from pataḥ; liberal use of epenthesis (shva naḥ -> shva na3) to avoid finals merging into final unreleased stops
|-
=== Mandarin Hebrew ===
|{{IPA|/ẽ/}}
=== Korean Hebrew ===
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔẽ]}}</span>
Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva) ă ĕ ŏ/ = [i e{{lowered}} e{{lowered}} a ʌ ʌ o u ɯ a e{{lowered}} o/
| {{heb|אין}}
 
|'there is no'
Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˤ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˤ q r ʃ t θ/ = /ʔ ㅂ ㅂ ㄱ ㄱ ㄷ ㄷ h w~(u after V) ㅈ h ㄸ j~(i after V) ㅋ ㅋ ㄹ m n ㅆ ʔ ㅍ ㅍ ㅉ ㄲ ㄹ ㅅ ㅌ ㅌ/
|-
 
|{{IPA|/i/}}
Only /m n l r/ are geminated by dagesh forte
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔiʃ]}}</span>
 
| {{heb|איש}}
=== Japanese Hebrew ===
|'man'
Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva) ă ĕ ŏ/ = [iː e̞ː e̞ː aː aː o{{lowered}}ː o{{lowered}}ː ɯː ɯ a e̞ o{{lowered}}]
|-
 
|{{IPA|/ɪ̃/}}
Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˤ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˤ q r ʃ t θ/ = /ʔ~0 b b g g d d h w~(ɯ after V) z h t j~(i after V) k k r m n s ʔ~0 p~ɸ p~ɸ s k r {{ś}} t t/
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔɪ̃]}}</span>
| {{heb|אם}}
|'if'
|-
|{{IPA|/o/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔov]}}</span>
| {{heb|אב}}
|'father'
|-
|{{IPA|/ɔ̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔɔ̃]}}</span>
| {{heb|עם}}
|'people, nation'
|-
|{{IPA|/ø/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔøʁ]}}</span>
| {{heb|אור}}
|'light'
|-
|{{IPA|/ø̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔosø̃]}}</span>
| {{heb|אתון}}
|'she-donkey'
|-
|{{IPA|/u/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔäduˈmo]}}</span>
| {{heb|אדומה}}
|'red' (f)
|-
|{{IPA|/ʊ̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔʊ̃ˈnɔ̃]}}</span>
| {{heb|אומנם}}
|'indeed' (f)
|}

Latest revision as of 18:54, 21 February 2026

Comparison text (D'ror yiqrå)

דְּרוֹר יִקְרָא לְבֵן עִם בַּת
וְיִנְצָרְכֶם כְּמוֹ בָבַת
נְעִים שִׁמְכֶם וְלֹא יֻשְׁבַּת
שְׁבוּ נוּחוּ בְּיוֹם שַׁבָּת

דְּרוֹשׁ נָוִי וְאוּלָמִי
וְאוֹת יֶשַׁע עֲשֵׂה עִמִּי
נְטַע שׂוֹרֵק בְּתוֹךְ כַּרְמִי
שְׁעֵה שַׁוְעַת בְּנֵי עַמִּי

דְּרוֹךְ פּוּרָה בְּתוֹךְ בָּצְרָה
וְגַם בָּבֶל אֲשֶׁר גָּבְרָה
נְתוֹץ צָרַי בְּאַף עֶבְרָה
שְׁמַע קוֹלִי בְּיוֹם אֶקְרָא

אֱלֹקים תֵּן בַּמִּדְבָּר הַר
הֲדַס שִׁטָּה בְּרוֹשׁ תִּדְהָר
וְלַמַּזְהִיר וְלַנִּזְהָר
שְׁלוֹמִים תֵּן כְּמֵי נָהָר

הֲדוֹךְ קָמַי חַי אֵל קַנָּא
בְּמוֹג לֵבָב וּבִמְגִנָּה
וְנַרְחִיב פֶּה וּנְמַלֶּאנָּה
לְשׁוֹנֵנוּ לְךָ רִנָּה

דְּעֵה חָכְמָה לְנַפְשֶׁךָ
וְהִיא כֶתֶר לְרֹאשֶׁךָ
נְצוֹר מִצְוַת קְדֹשֶׁךָ
שְׁמוֹר שַׁבָּת קָדְשֶׁךָ

East Asian readings

Qamatz gadol usually stays distinct from pataḥ; liberal use of epenthesis (shva naḥ -> shva na3) to avoid finals merging into final unreleased stops

Mandarin Hebrew

Korean Hebrew

Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva) ă ĕ ŏ/ = [i e̞ e̞ a ʌ ʌ o u ɯ a e̞ o/

Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˤ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˤ q r ʃ t θ/ = /ʔ ㅂ ㅂ ㄱ ㄱ ㄷ ㄷ h w~(u after V) ㅈ h ㄸ j~(i after V) ㅋ ㅋ ㄹ m n ㅆ ʔ ㅍ ㅍ ㅉ ㄲ ㄹ ㅅ ㅌ ㅌ/

Only /m n l r/ are geminated by dagesh forte

Japanese Hebrew

Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva) ă ĕ ŏ/ = [iː e̞ː e̞ː aː aː o̞ː o̞ː ɯː ɯ a e̞ o̞]

Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˤ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˤ q r ʃ t θ/ = /ʔ~0 b b g g d d h w~(ɯ after V) z h t j~(i after V) k k r m n s ʔ~0 p~ɸ p~ɸ s k r ɕ t t/

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