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'''A-Arabic''' (called Arabic in-universe) is a Semitic language inspired by Welsh. A-Arabic has a lexicon similar to Arabic and is the source of "Arabic" loans in English, but it uses | '''A-Arabic''' (''al-għarefi''; called Arabic in-universe) is a Semitic language inspired by Welsh and Estonian. A-Arabic has a lexicon similar to our Arabic and is the source of "Arabic" loans in English, but it uses a Sami- and Icelandic-inspired phonology. | ||
*Def. article is al- like in our Arabic | *Def. article is al- like in our Arabic | ||
*Unconditional shifts: PSem p s z ts' tθ' ł tł' > ff | *Unconditional shifts: PSem p s z ts' tθ' ł tł' > ff s z ts th ŝ tŝ | ||
**θ δ gh > t d g? | **θ δ gh > t d g? | ||
*initial or geminated l r > ll rh | *initial or geminated l r > ll rh | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
**ts > z, tŝ > ẑ | **ts > z, tŝ > ẑ | ||
**ll > l, rh > r | **ll > l, rh > r | ||
*More Estonian vowels? | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Welsh + ü ö ä | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
indep. pronouns: naw, ant, hu/hi/hoddo, nan, antyf, hyf/hoddi | |||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Modern L-Arabic lost grammatical gender. | |||
The definite article ''al'' turns to ''a'' before ''ll'' and ''rh''. | |||
*''chaff'' = coffee | |||
*''al-chaff'' = the coffee | |||
Animate plural nouns usually end in -i or display i-affection: | |||
*waladd, welydd 'boy' | |||
*mwddarhys, mydderhis 'teacher' | |||
However, there are many broken plurals: | |||
* cydof, pl. cwdwf 'book' | |||
* ħarff, pl. ħyruff 'letter (character)' | |||
* calf, pl. cylof 'dog' | |||
Some plurals end in −ad, e.g. ai, ajad 'sign'. | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
Adjectives do not inflect. | |||
===Verbs and auxiliaries=== | ===Verbs and auxiliaries=== | ||
A-Arabic lost productive triconsonantal morphology and thus inflected verbs. The combination of auxiliaries and prepositions are used to mark tense, as in Colloquial Welsh. | A-Arabic lost productive triconsonantal morphology and thus inflected verbs. The combination of auxiliaries and prepositions are used to mark tense, as in Colloquial Welsh. | ||
===Prepositions=== | ===Prepositions=== | ||
*ly = dative | |||
*by = instrumental | |||
*''ffi'' = locative | |||
*magh = comitative | |||
*ghale = "on" | |||
===Conjunctions=== | ===Conjunctions=== | ||
===Preverbs=== | ===Preverbs=== | ||
Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023
A-Arabic (al-għarefi; called Arabic in-universe) is a Semitic language inspired by Welsh and Estonian. A-Arabic has a lexicon similar to our Arabic and is the source of "Arabic" loans in English, but it uses a Sami- and Icelandic-inspired phonology.
- Def. article is al- like in our Arabic
- Unconditional shifts: PSem p s z ts' tθ' ł tł' > ff s z ts th ŝ tŝ
- θ δ gh > t d g?
- initial or geminated l r > ll rh
- Emphatics and geminates spirantize: t'/tt, k'/kk > th ch
- soft mutation:
- m, b > v
- t > d, d > dd
- c > g, g > 0
- ts > z, tŝ > ẑ
- ll > l, rh > r
- More Estonian vowels?
Phonology
Welsh + ü ö ä
Morphology
Pronouns
indep. pronouns: naw, ant, hu/hi/hoddo, nan, antyf, hyf/hoddi
Nouns
Modern L-Arabic lost grammatical gender.
The definite article al turns to a before ll and rh.
- chaff = coffee
- al-chaff = the coffee
Animate plural nouns usually end in -i or display i-affection:
- waladd, welydd 'boy'
- mwddarhys, mydderhis 'teacher'
However, there are many broken plurals:
- cydof, pl. cwdwf 'book'
- ħarff, pl. ħyruff 'letter (character)'
- calf, pl. cylof 'dog'
Some plurals end in −ad, e.g. ai, ajad 'sign'.
Adjectives
Adjectives do not inflect.
Verbs and auxiliaries
A-Arabic lost productive triconsonantal morphology and thus inflected verbs. The combination of auxiliaries and prepositions are used to mark tense, as in Colloquial Welsh.
Prepositions
- ly = dative
- by = instrumental
- ffi = locative
- magh = comitative
- ghale = "on"