User:IlL/Spare pages 1/66: Difference between revisions

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'''A-Arabic''' (called Arabic in-universe) is a Semitic language inspired by Welsh. A-Arabic has a lexicon similar to Arabic and is the source of "Arabic" loans in English, but it uses Welsh-inspired mutations and syntax.
'''A-Arabic''' (''al-għarefi''; called Arabic in-universe) is a Semitic language inspired by Welsh and Estonian. A-Arabic has a lexicon similar to our Arabic and is the source of "Arabic" loans in English, but it uses a Sami- and Icelandic-inspired phonology.


*Def. article is al- like in our Arabic
*Def. article is al- like in our Arabic
*Unconditional shifts: PSem p s z ts' tθ' ł tł' > ff ts s z tŝ ŝ tŝ
*Unconditional shifts: PSem p s z ts' tθ' ł tł' > ff s z ts th ŝ tŝ
**θ δ gh > t d g?
**θ δ gh > t d g?
*initial or geminated l r > ll rh
*initial or geminated l r > ll rh
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**ts > z, tŝ > ẑ
**ts > z, tŝ > ẑ
**ll > l, rh > r
**ll > l, rh > r
*More Estonian vowels?


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Welsh + ü ö ä
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
no, ant, hu/hi/hoddo, nan, antyf, hyf/hoddi
indep. pronouns: naw, ant, hu/hi/hoddo, nan, antyf, hyf/hoddi


===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Modern L-Arabic lost grammatical gender.
Modern L-Arabic lost grammatical gender.


The definite article ''al'' is invariable, as in Old Hijazi Arabic.
The definite article ''al'' turns to ''a'' before ''ll'' and ''rh''.
 
*''chaff'' = coffee
*''al-chaff'' = the coffee
 
Animate plural nouns usually end in -i or display i-affection:
*waladd, welydd 'boy'
*mwddarhys, mydderhis 'teacher'


*''chaffy'' = coffee
However, there are many broken plurals:
*''al-chaffy'' = the coffee
* cydof, pl. cwdwf 'book'
* ħarff, pl. ħyruff 'letter (character)'
* calf, pl. cylof 'dog'


Animate plural nouns usually end in -i. There are many broken plurals, and some plurals end in −od, e.g. ajy, ajod 'letter (character)'.
Some plurals end in −ad, e.g. ai, ajad 'sign'.


===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
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===Prepositions===
===Prepositions===
*ly = dative
*by = instrumental
*''ffi'' = locative
*magh = comitative
*ghale = "on"
===Conjunctions===
===Conjunctions===
===Preverbs===
===Preverbs===

Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023

A-Arabic (al-għarefi; called Arabic in-universe) is a Semitic language inspired by Welsh and Estonian. A-Arabic has a lexicon similar to our Arabic and is the source of "Arabic" loans in English, but it uses a Sami- and Icelandic-inspired phonology.

  • Def. article is al- like in our Arabic
  • Unconditional shifts: PSem p s z ts' tθ' ł tł' > ff s z ts th ŝ tŝ
    • θ δ gh > t d g?
  • initial or geminated l r > ll rh
  • Emphatics and geminates spirantize: t'/tt, k'/kk > th ch
  • soft mutation:
    • m, b > v
    • t > d, d > dd
    • c > g, g > 0
    • ts > z, tŝ > ẑ
    • ll > l, rh > r
  • More Estonian vowels?

Phonology

Welsh + ü ö ä

Morphology

Pronouns

indep. pronouns: naw, ant, hu/hi/hoddo, nan, antyf, hyf/hoddi

Nouns

Modern L-Arabic lost grammatical gender.

The definite article al turns to a before ll and rh.

  • chaff = coffee
  • al-chaff = the coffee

Animate plural nouns usually end in -i or display i-affection:

  • waladd, welydd 'boy'
  • mwddarhys, mydderhis 'teacher'

However, there are many broken plurals:

  • cydof, pl. cwdwf 'book'
  • ħarff, pl. ħyruff 'letter (character)'
  • calf, pl. cylof 'dog'

Some plurals end in −ad, e.g. ai, ajad 'sign'.

Adjectives

Adjectives do not inflect.

Verbs and auxiliaries

A-Arabic lost productive triconsonantal morphology and thus inflected verbs. The combination of auxiliaries and prepositions are used to mark tense, as in Colloquial Welsh.

Prepositions

  • ly = dative
  • by = instrumental
  • ffi = locative
  • magh = comitative
  • ghale = "on"

Conjunctions

Preverbs

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