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| '''Pestonian''' (native name: ''Risened tangu'') is an Estonian-inspired descendant of [[Hivatish]]. | | '''Celtic Nurian''' (Old ''Nūratambās'', Modern ''Nüüretampur''; in-universe English: Nurian, in-universe Irish: ''an Núrais'') is a stem-Celtic language (called Celtic in Irta) spoken in Irta's North Africa. It evolved under strong Semitic, especially Arabic influence. It is inspired by [[Nurian]], a Talmic language with a similar premise. |
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| Numbers: ''õin, tua, tria, kidur, pik, huu, heht, õst, neu, tis''
| | "Proto-Hyper-Celtic Palified then Khmerized" |
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| ''Tepader!'' = an oath, like "Jesus" or "Christ" in our English
| | [[Category:Stem-Celtic]] |
| ==Phonology==
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| Consonants: p b v t d δ k g s z h m n ng w r l j /p b v t d ð k g s z h m n ŋ w ʀ l j/
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| Vowels: a e i u õ /a e i u ɤ/ + long vowels and diphthongs
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| ==Nouns==
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| no gender
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''valg'' 'wolf' (< ''valkuq'')
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''valg''||''valgar''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''valga''||''valgu''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''valge''||''valgav''
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| |-
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| !|Ablative-Locative
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| |''valged'' ||''valgav''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''wirδ'' 'word' (< ''wirdun'')
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''wirδ''||''werδar''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''werδa''||''wirδu''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''wirδe''||''wirδav''
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| |-
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| !|Ablative-Locative
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| |''wirδed'' ||''wirδav''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''võga'' 'city' (< ''vukaa'')
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''võga''||''võgar''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''võgar''||''võgu''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''võge''||''võgav''
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| |-
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| !|Ablative-Locative
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| |''võgad'' ||''võgav''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''inn'' 'fire'
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''inn''||''innir''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''innir''||''innu''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''inne''||''inniv''
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| |-
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| !|Ablative-Locative
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| |''innid'' ||''inniv''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''suht'' 'attempt'
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''suht''||''suhtur''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''suhter''||''suhtu''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''suhte''||''suhtuv''
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| |-
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| !|Ablative-Locative
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| |''suhtud'' ||''suhtuv''
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| |}
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| Athematic nouns are the most irregular:
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''ree'' 'king'
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''ree''||''reejer''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''reeja''||''reeju''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''rei''||''reejav''
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| |-
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| !|Ablative-Locative
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| |''reejed'' ||''reejav''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''igalu'' 'trout'
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''igalu''||''igalur''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''igaluja''||''igalu''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''igale''||''igalav''
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| |-
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| !|Ablative-Locative
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| |''igalud'' ||''igalav''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''anur'' 'storm'
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''anur''||''anuri''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''anurir, anura''||''anuri''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''anure''||''anuriv''
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| |-
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| !|Ablative-Locative
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| |''anurid'' ||''anuriv''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''em'' 'sea'
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''em''||''emar''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''imer''||''imu''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''eme''||''emav''
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| |-
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| !|Ablative-Locative
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| |''emad'' ||''emav''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''nõma'' 'name'
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''nõma''||''nõmana''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''nõmar''||''nõmanu''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''nõmane''||''nõmanav''
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| |-
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| !|Ablative-Locative
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| |''nõmaned'' ||''nõmanav''
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| |}
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| ==Adjectives==
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| Similar to noun declension classes; adjectives before nouns
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| *Nominative: ''tali wirδ'' 'long word', ''taljar werδar'' 'long words'
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| *Genitive: ''talja werδa'', ''talju wirδu''
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| *Dative: ''talje wirδe'', ''taljav wirδav''
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| *Abl-loc: ''taljad wirδed'', ''taljav wirδav''
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| ==Pronouns==
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
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| ! rowspan=2 | case || rowspan=2 | 1sg. || rowspan=2 | 2sg. (familiar) || colspan=3 | 3sg. || rowspan=2 | 1pl. || rowspan=2 | 2pl., polite || rowspan="2" | 3pl.
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| |-
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| ! m. || f. || n.
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| |-
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| ! nom.
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| | ''ja'' || ''tu'' || ''sid'' || ''sa'' || ''sud'' || ''am'' || ''ju'' || ''sir''
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| |-
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| ! acc.
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| | ''mi'' || ''ti'' || ''sun'' || ''san'' || ''sud'' || ''ang'' || ''jung'' || ''sur''
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| |-
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| ! gen.
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| | ''min'' || ''tiv'' || ''siv'' || ''sar'' || ''ta'' || ''angar'' || ''jungar'' || ''serar''
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| |-
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| ! dat.
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| | ''mõi'' || ''tõi'' || ''sõme'' || ''sõre'' || ''tõme'' || ''angav'' || ''jungav'' || ''siv, serav''
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| |-
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| ! abl.-loc.
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| | ''mined, med'' || ''tived, ted'' || ''sõmed'' || ''sõred'' || ''tõmed'' || ''angav'' || ''jungav'' || ''siv, serav''
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| |}
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| ==Verbs==
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| TODO: revamp tenses to get split-ergativity, add evidentiality
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| Unlike Qivattutannguaq, Pestonian is NOT pro-drop.
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| There is a 2x2 tense structure: {non-past, past} x {imperfective, perfective}.
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| Ergativity is used in perfect(ive) tenses. The verb agrees with the noun in the absolutive case, and the ergative subject is marked with ''tar'' 'through' plus the accusative case: ''Tar sin teisedõim.'' 'He will find me.'
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| As in Hebrew and Russian, some tenses are pro-drop but some tenses are not.
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| teised "he finds":
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| *Non-past imperfective: ja teisia, tu teiser, sid/sa/sud teised, am teisim, ju teisid, sir teisud
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| *Past imperfective: ja teiser, tu teiset, sid/sa/sud teiser, am teiseme, ju teisete, sir teiser
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| *Past perfective: teisedim, teiseder, teiseded, teisedime, teisedite, teisedud
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| *Future perfective: teisetõim, teisetõir, teisetõid, teisetõime, teisetõite, teisetõjud
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| vinned "he binds":
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| *Non-past imperfective: ja vinna, tu vinner, sid/sa/sud vinned, am vinnam, ju vinned, sir vinnud
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| *Past imperfective: ja vanner, tu vannet, sid/sa/sud vanner, am vanneme, ju vannete, sir vanner
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| *Past perfective: vandim, vander, vanded, vandime, vandite, vandud
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| *Future perfective: vantõim, vantõir, vantõid, vantõime, vantõite, vantõjud
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| teepudad "he rules":
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| *Non-past imperfective: ja teepuda, tu teepudar, sid teepudad, am teepudam, ju teepudad, sir teepudud
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| *Past imperfective: ja teepudar, tu teepudat, sid teepudar, am teepudame, ju teepudate, sir teepudar
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| *Past perfective: teepudadim, teepudader, teepudaded, teepudadime, teepudadite, teepudadud
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| *Future perfective: teepudatõim, teepudatõir, teepudatõid, teepudatõime, teepudatõite, teepudatõjud
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