Eadlan/Older draft/Netagic: Difference between revisions

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PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a
PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
*Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k q s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j
*Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j
*Vowels: i/ɪ, e/ɛ, æ/a, ɨ/ə, o/ɔ, u/ʊ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a u i o ɨ; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR)
*Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə ə̣ o ọ u ụ /i ɪ e ɛ æ ɑ ɨ ɤ~ʌ o ɔ u ʊ/ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a u i o ɨ; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR like glottalization > uvularization in arabic)
**PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə
**PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə
*ATR/RTR harmony
*ATR/RTR harmony; ATR i e a ə o u vs RTR ị ẹ ạ ə̣ ọ ụ
*Initial stress modulo prefixes
 
q forces RTR harmony in roots and merges with k


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Netagic lost the Proto-Idavic antisegolate CCVC ablaut grade.
===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender.
Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender.
====Cases====
====Cases====
Netagic merged the dative with the genitive.
Netagic merged the four Proto-Idavic cases to three:
*nominative
*nominative
*accusative
*accusative
*genitive
*genitive
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
ATR animates:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
|+ ''šulla'' 'horse'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
! style="width: 100px;" | Dual
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
!| Nominative
| ''šulla'' || ''šullandə'' || ''šullon''
|-
!| Accusative
| ''šullaj'' || ''šullandə'' || ''šullis''
|-
!| Genitive
| ''šullat'' || ''šullandəmak'' || ''šullok''
|}
ATR inanimates:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
|+ ''šarmə'' 'stone'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
! style="width: 100px;" | Dual
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
!| Nominative
| ''šarmə'' || ''šarməndə'' || ''šarmot''
|-
!| Accusative
| ''šarmən'' || ''šarməndə'' || ''šarmis''
|-
!| Genitive
| ''šarmət'' || ''šarməndəmak'' || ''šarmok''
|}
{{col-break}}
RTR animates:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
|+ ''rə̣sạ'' 'dog'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
! style="width: 100px;" | Dual
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
!| Nominative
| ''rə̣sạ'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣'' || ''rə̣sọn''
|-
!| Accusative
| ''rə̣sạj'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣'' || ''rə̣sịs''
|-
!| Genitive
| ''rə̣sạt'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣mạk'' || ''rə̣sọk''
|}
RTR inanimates:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
|+ ''ẹpŋə̣'' 'tree'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
! style="width: 100px;" | Dual
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
!| Nominative
| ''ẹpŋə̣'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣'' || ''ẹpŋọt''
|-
!| Accusative
| ''ẹpŋə̣n'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣'' || ''ẹpŋịs''
|-
!| Genitive
| ''ẹpŋə̣t'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣mạk'' || ''ẹpŋọk''
|}
{{col-end}}


====Pronominal suffixes====
====Pronominal suffixes====
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Weak paradigm:
Weak paradigm:
(animate/inanimate; sg, du, pl)
(animate/inanimate; sg, du, pl)
*nom: ŋɪda/ŋɪdə, ŋɪdanda/ŋɪdənda, ŋɪdɔnə/ŋɪdɔ
*nom: ŋidæ/ŋidɨ, ŋidændæ/ŋidɨndæ, ŋidonɨ/ŋido
*gen: ŋɪdɛ/ŋɪdak, (nom du)=gid ŋɪdɪ/ŋɪdɔk
*gen: ŋide/ŋidæk, (nom du)=gid ŋidi/ŋidok
Strong paradigm (rare):
Strong paradigm (rare):


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
====Paradigms====
====Paradigms====
Tenses: present, past, future, imperative, conditional, potential
Each verb has three principal parts: the imperative, the present tense stem, and the past tense stem.


Auxiliaries become new tense suffixes via SOV syntax in subordinate clauses
TODO: use impersonal instead of passive
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! !! weak-unprefixed !! weak-prefixed !! strong-unprefixed !! strong-prefixed
|+ Conjugation of ''akə'' 'give'
|-
! infinitive
|colspan=10| ''aktə''
|-
! action noun
|colspan=10| ''akipə''
|-
! active participle
|colspan=10| ''akəška''
|-
! passive participle
|colspan=10| ''ukča''
|-
! Tense
! 1st sg.
! 2nd sg.
! 3rd sg.
! 1st du.
! 2nd du.
! 3rd du.
! 1st pl.
! 2nd pl.
! 3rd pl.
! impersonal
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''kadī́r! ''||'' kadī́r dal! ''||'' ʔakʷ! ''||'' ʔakʷ nuš!''
| ''-''
| ''akə''
| ''-''
| ''akabi''
| ''akənabi''
| ''-''
| ''akəka''
| ''akəna''
| ''-''
| ''-''
|-
! present
| ''akəlli''
| ''akəddi''
| ''akək''
| ''akəkkabi''
| ''akənnabi''
| ''akəbi''
| ''akəkka''
| ''akənna''
| ''akəšum''
| ''akiłok''
|-
|-
! imperfect
! recent past
| ''kadī́rik ''||'' dal·kadī́r ''||'' ʔákʷik ''||'' nuš·ʔákʷ''
| ''ukili''
| ''ukidi''
| ''ukis''
| ''ukikabi''
| ''ukinabi''
| ''ukibi''
| ''ukika''
| ''ukina''
| ''ukim''
| ''ukiłas''
|-
! remote past
| ''ukčali''
| ''ukčadi''
| ''ukčas''
| ''ukčakabi''
| ''ukčanabi''
| ''ukčabi''
| ''ukčaka''
| ''ukčana''
| ''ukčam''
| ''ukiłča''
|-
! future-irrealis
| ''aktiłoli''
| ''aktiłodi''
| ''aktiłok''
| ''aktiłokabi''
| ''aktiłonabi''
| ''aktiłobi''
| ''aktiłoka''
| ''aktiłona''
| ''aktiłošum''
| ''aktiba''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Conjugation of ''kẹdbə̣'' 'believe'
|-
! infinitive
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbị''
|-
! action noun
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbịpə̣''
|-
|-
! active participle
! active participle
| ''kadī́riškʷ- ''||'' dal·kadī́riškʷ- ''||'' ʔákʷiškʷ- ''||'' nuš·ʔákʷiškʷ-''
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbə̣škạ''
|-
|-
! passive participle
! passive participle
| ''ʔa·kadirī́n- ''||'' dálʔa·kadirī́n- ''||''ʔa·ʔúkʷč- ''||''núšʔa·ʔúkʷč-''
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbịčạ''
|-
|-
! infinitive
! Tense
| ''kadī́rti ''||'' dálkadirti ''||'' ʔā́kʷi~ʔãkʷi~ʔā̃kʷi~ʔíkʷi  ''||'' núšʔakʷi, núšʔəkʷi, etc.''
! 1st sg.
! 2nd sg.
! 3rd sg.
! 1st du.
! 2nd du.
! 3rd du.
! 1st pl.
! 2nd pl.
! 3rd pl.
! impersonal
|-
! imperative
| ''-''
| ''kẹdbə̣''
| ''-''
| ''kẹdbạbị''
| ''kẹdbə̣nạbị''
| ''-''
| ''kẹdbə̣kạ''
| ''kẹdbə̣nạ''
| ''-''
| ''-''
|-
! present
| ''kẹdbə̣llị''
| ''kẹdbə̣ddị''
| ''kẹdbə̣k''
| ''kẹdbə̣kkạbị''
| ''kẹdbə̣nnạbị''
| ''kẹdbə̣bị''
| ''kẹdbə̣kkạ''
| ''kẹdbə̣nnạ''
| ''kẹdbə̣šụm''
| ''kẹdbịłọk''
|-
! recent past
| ''kẹdbịlị''
| ''kẹdbịdị''
| ''kẹdbịs''
| ''kẹdbịkạbị''
| ''kẹdbịnạbị''
| ''kẹdbịbị''
| ''kẹdbịkạ''
| ''kẹdbịnạ''
| ''kẹdbịm''
| ''kẹdbịłạs''
|-
|-
! zu-infinitive
! remote past
| ''mi·kadī́rti ''||'' dálmikadirti ''||'' mi·ʔā́kʷi~mi·ʔãkʷi~mi·ʔā̃kʷi ''||'' núšmiʔakʷi, núšʔəkʷi, etc.''
| ''kẹdbịčạlị''
| ''kẹdbịčạdị''
| ''kẹdbịčạs''
| ''kẹdbịčạkạbị''
| ''kẹdbịčạnạbị''
| ''kẹdbịčạbị''
| ''kẹdbịčạkạ''
| ''kẹdbịčạkạbị''
| ''kẹdbịčạm''
| ''kẹdbịłčạ''
|-
|-
! zu-participle
! future-irrealis
| ''mi·kadī́riškʷ- ''||'' dálmikadiriškʷ- ''||''mi·ʔákʷiškʷ- ''||'' núšmiʔakʷiškʷ-''
| ''kẹdbịłọlị''
| ''kẹdbịłọdị''
| ''kẹdbịłọk''
| ''kẹdbịłọkạbị''
| ''kẹdbịłọnạbị''
| ''kẹdbịłọbị''
| ''kẹdbịłọkạ''
| ''kẹdbịłọnạ''
| ''kẹdbịłọšụm''
| ''kẹdbịbạ''
|}
|}


Line 62: Line 298:


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
SOV
SOV with prepositions


==Lexicon==
==Lexicon==

Latest revision as of 06:21, 9 May 2023

The Netagic languages are a subbranch of the Idavic family that includes Netagin. They are inspired by Uralic.

PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a

Phonology

  • Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j
  • Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə ə̣ o ọ u ụ /i ɪ e ɛ æ ɑ ɨ ɤ~ʌ o ɔ u ʊ/ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a u i o ɨ; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR like glottalization > uvularization in arabic)
    • PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə
  • ATR/RTR harmony; ATR i e a ə o u vs RTR ị ẹ ạ ə̣ ọ ụ
  • Initial stress modulo prefixes

q forces RTR harmony in roots and merges with k

Morphology

Netagic lost the Proto-Idavic antisegolate CCVC ablaut grade.

Pronouns

Nouns

Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender.

Cases

Netagic merged the four Proto-Idavic cases to three:

  • nominative
  • accusative
  • genitive

ATR animates:

šulla 'horse'
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative šulla šullandə šullon
Accusative šullaj šullandə šullis
Genitive šullat šullandəmak šullok

ATR inanimates:

šarmə 'stone'
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative šarmə šarməndə šarmot
Accusative šarmən šarməndə šarmis
Genitive šarmət šarməndəmak šarmok

RTR animates:

rə̣sạ 'dog'
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative rə̣sạ rə̣sạndə̣ rə̣sọn
Accusative rə̣sạj rə̣sạndə̣ rə̣sịs
Genitive rə̣sạt rə̣sạndə̣mạk rə̣sọk

RTR inanimates:

ẹpŋə̣ 'tree'
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ẹpŋə̣ ẹpŋə̣ndə̣ ẹpŋọt
Accusative ẹpŋə̣n ẹpŋə̣ndə̣ ẹpŋịs
Genitive ẹpŋə̣t ẹpŋə̣ndə̣mạk ẹpŋọk


Pronominal suffixes

Adjectives

Paradigms

Weak paradigm: (animate/inanimate; sg, du, pl)

  • nom: ŋidæ/ŋidɨ, ŋidændæ/ŋidɨndæ, ŋidonɨ/ŋido
  • gen: ŋide/ŋidæk, (nom du)=gid ŋidi/ŋidok

Strong paradigm (rare):

Verbs

Paradigms

Each verb has three principal parts: the imperative, the present tense stem, and the past tense stem.

TODO: use impersonal instead of passive

Conjugation of akə 'give'
infinitive aktə
action noun akipə
active participle akəška
passive participle ukča
Tense 1st sg. 2nd sg. 3rd sg. 1st du. 2nd du. 3rd du. 1st pl. 2nd pl. 3rd pl. impersonal
imperative - akə - akabi akənabi - akəka akəna - -
present akəlli akəddi akək akəkkabi akənnabi akəbi akəkka akənna akəšum akiłok
recent past ukili ukidi ukis ukikabi ukinabi ukibi ukika ukina ukim ukiłas
remote past ukčali ukčadi ukčas ukčakabi ukčanabi ukčabi ukčaka ukčana ukčam ukiłča
future-irrealis aktiłoli aktiłodi aktiłok aktiłokabi aktiłonabi aktiłobi aktiłoka aktiłona aktiłošum aktiba


Conjugation of kẹdbə̣ 'believe'
infinitive kẹdbị
action noun kẹdbịpə̣
active participle kẹdbə̣škạ
passive participle kẹdbịčạ
Tense 1st sg. 2nd sg. 3rd sg. 1st du. 2nd du. 3rd du. 1st pl. 2nd pl. 3rd pl. impersonal
imperative - kẹdbə̣ - kẹdbạbị kẹdbə̣nạbị - kẹdbə̣kạ kẹdbə̣nạ - -
present kẹdbə̣llị kẹdbə̣ddị kẹdbə̣k kẹdbə̣kkạbị kẹdbə̣nnạbị kẹdbə̣bị kẹdbə̣kkạ kẹdbə̣nnạ kẹdbə̣šụm kẹdbịłọk
recent past kẹdbịlị kẹdbịdị kẹdbịs kẹdbịkạbị kẹdbịnạbị kẹdbịbị kẹdbịkạ kẹdbịnạ kẹdbịm kẹdbịłạs
remote past kẹdbịčạlị kẹdbịčạdị kẹdbịčạs kẹdbịčạkạbị kẹdbịčạnạbị kẹdbịčạbị kẹdbịčạkạ kẹdbịčạkạbị kẹdbịčạm kẹdbịłčạ
future-irrealis kẹdbịłọlị kẹdbịłọdị kẹdbịłọk kẹdbịłọkạbị kẹdbịłọnạbị kẹdbịłọbị kẹdbịłọkạ kẹdbịłọnạ kẹdbịłọšụm kẹdbịbạ

Prepositions

Derivation

Syntax

SOV with prepositions

Lexicon

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