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| ==Phonology==
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| Grimm's law
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| Also Verner's law?
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| get hon. sg. (nouns) -er ~ hon. sg. (verbs) -s, s- with Verner
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| ==Morphology==
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| Verner results in affix allomorphy
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| ===The auxiliary===
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| Should be as far from cartesian product as possible. Justify with analytic constructions; relex Welsh
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| *direct imperfect: ''vor'' ← *bō ʕar = mae e'n, ''mar'' ← *bō mad ʕar = dydy e ddim yn
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| *direct perfect: ''lōkh'' ← *li ʔōkʷ = mi naeth e, ''vizha'' ← *bō hašgā = mae e heb
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| *direct irrealis: ''zhar't'' ← *jar kʷãtʼ = lit. stands before
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
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| |+ '''Proto-Shalaian TAM markers'''
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| !rowspan="2"|
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| !colspan="2"| imperfect
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| !colspan="2"| perfect
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| !colspan="2"| irrealis
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| |-
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| ! <small>pos.</small></small> || <small>neg.</small> || <small>pos.</small> || <small>neg.</small> || <small>pos.</small> || <small>neg.</small>
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| |-
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| ! direct (verbal)
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| | ''bō ʕar''
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| | ''bō mad ʕar''
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| | ''li ʔōkʷ''
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| | ''bō ašgā''
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| | ''jar kʷãt''
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| | ''bãy''
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| |-
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| ! question
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| | ''ʔam''
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| | ''ʔam yankʷid''
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| | ''ʔōkʷ''
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| | ''ʔōkʷ rāk''
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| | ''ʔam nayd''
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| | ''ʔam tuhar nayd''
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| |-
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| ! relativizer (direct)
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| | ''bī''
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| | ''dō bī''
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| | ''bī ʔōkʷ''
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| | ''dō bī ʔōkʷ rāk''
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| | ''bī kʷãt''
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| | ''dō bī kʷãt''
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| |-
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| ! relativizer (indirect)
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| | ''čʼã''
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| | ''dō čʼã''
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| | ''čʼã ʔōkʷ''
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| | ''dō čʼã ʔōkʷ rāk''
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| | ''čʼã jar kʷãt''
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| | ''dō čʼã jar kʷãt''
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| |-
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| ! complementizer
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| | ''ʔit''
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| | ''dō rāk ʔikʷ''
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| | ''ʔit hin''
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| | ''dō rāk hin''
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| | ''napā''
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| | ''dō jar rā ʔikʷ''
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| |-
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| ! if (real)
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| | ''čīr''
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| | ''čīr rāk ʔikʷ''
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| | ''čīr hin''
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| | ''čīr rāk hin''
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| | ''(ʔam) kʷid ʔit''
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| | ''yankʷid rā ʔikʷ''
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| |-
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| ! if (irreal or less vivid)
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| | ''rū ʕar ʔit''
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| | ''rū ʕar rāk ʔikʷ''
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| | ''rū ʕar bō hin ʔit''
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| | ''rū ʕar rāk hin''
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| | ''rū ʕar kʷid rā ʔit''
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| | ''rū ʕar yankʷid rā ʔikʷ''
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| |}
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| ==Syntax==
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| Proto-Shalaian syntax was AuxVOS:
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| *Stative verbs (eventually all intransitives): Aux_i prep VN-w_i S_i (abs/erg in Shal.)
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| *Dynamic verbs (eventually transitives): Aux_i prep s_j-VN-w_i O_j S_i (abs/erg in Shal.)
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| *Infinitive clauses: prep VN.INF-w_i S_i O ... (nom/acc in Shal.)
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| :[[Shalaic|Proto-Shalaic]]
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