Řeuŋnie: Difference between revisions

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'''Ouřefr''' /ˈəʊr̝ɛfə/ (''Ouřefrnie cijtnr'' /əʊr̝ɛfəɲeː tsijʔtnɐ/) is an [[Idavic]] language belonging to the Nabŋaic branch. It is inspired by Czech, Dutch, Cantonese, Maltese and Japanese (but mainly by the first two). It is the second most widely spoken Nabŋaic language after [[Nabbrzé]], which is the Mandarin/Russian counterpart.
'''Řeuŋnie''' is an a priori conlang inspired by Czech, Dutch, and Cantonese.


Unlike Nabbrzé, Ouřefr has more loans from the clasiscal language [[Netagin]], a fellow Idavic language.
==todo==
==todo==
Oebek oebek chál etjewech 'we have a lot of mountains'
===Words===
* 1: mál, 2: sep, 3: gej, 4: ádoš, 5: woez, 6: veunt, 7: ilem, 8: leuč, 9: mutj, 10: báj
* ''euj'' = (literary) lo, behold
* ''čeudj'' 'town'
* oebek oebek = (ideo) plentiful
* uistř 'self'
* uistřeft  'independence'
* beukĺ 'to repeat on a smaller scale'
* čétijn 'always'
* wachop = to approach
* wach- = near
===Diachronics===
===Diachronics===
#OSL
#OSL
#Czech-like depalatalization and hard/soft vowel splits
#Czech-like depalatalization and hard/soft vowel splits
#Palatalization-dependent GVS, then another depalatalization?
#Palatalization-dependent GVS, then another depalatalization?
#Old Řeuŋnie ć dź ś ź merge into c z s z
#n- > l- (unless assimilating)
#n- > l- (unless assimilating)


==Test==
==Test==
''Woeŋanieš uistřibt melouk lo vahrádyvijŋ, ar mezryž woþmyce bačirňr řeunie aš ŋávej těmzánišie. Evloedr wie doežanejne hář, po ryhoteuŋ.''
''Woeŋanies uistřeft melouk lo vahrádyvijŋ, ar mezryz wodmyce bacirnje řeunie aš ŋávej tjemzánisie. Evloedr wie doezanejne hář, po ryhoteuŋ.''


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
"Czech with more vowels and simpler phonotactics" or "Play up the Dutch in Czech"
"Czech with more vowels and simpler phonotactics" or "Play up the Dutch in Czech"
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
'''p b t d ť ď c (dz) č dž k g f þ s š ch w v z ž gh m n ň ŋ l r ř j''' /p b t d c ɟ ts dz tʃ dʒ k g f θ s ʃ x w v z ʒ ɣ h m n ɲ ŋ l~ɫ r r̝ j/
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2" scope="row"|
! colspan="2" scope="col"|Labial
! colspan="2" scope="col"|Alveolar
! colspan="2"  scope="col"|Palatal(ized)
! colspan="2" scope="col"|Velar
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Nasal
| colspan="2"|'''m''' /m/
| colspan="2"|'''n''' /n/
| colspan="2"|'''nj''' /ɲ/
|colspan="2"|'''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Plosive
|'''p''' /p/
|'''b''' /b/
|'''t''' /t/
|'''d''' /d/
|'''tj''' /c/
|'''dj''' /ɟ/
|'''k''' /k/
|
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Fricative
|'''f''' /f/
|'''v''' /v/
|'''s, š''' /s/
|'''z, ž''' /z/
| ||
|'''ch''' /x/
|'''g''' /{{gh}}/
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Affricate
| colspan="2"|
|'''c, č''' /ts/
|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Flap
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|'''r''' /ɾ/
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Trill
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|'''ř''' /r~r̥/
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Approximant
| colspan="2"|'''w''' /(Dutch w)/
| colspan="2"|'''l''' /l~ɫ/
| colspan="2"|'''j''' /j/, '''lj''' /ʎ/
|
|
|}
'''m n ŋ l r''' can be syllabic; when syllabic they are written '''ḿ ń ŋ́ ĺ ŕ''' and have the same length as long vowels.
 
Voiceless stops are unaspirated as in Dutch and Czech.


'''m n ŋ''' can be syllabic, and have long versions '''ḿ ń ŋ́'''.
Obstruent voicing assimilation as in Slavic.


Glottal reinforcement, but no gemination
Glottal reinforcement, but no gemination


l~ɫ allophony as in RP; vocalization of dark L possible
/l/ has the same l~ɫ allophony as in RP; vocalization of dark L to [w] possible
 
In the Oeljanian accent, '''r''' is always a tap [ɾ]. In the Lo'edjeuan accent, '''r''' can be uvular.


Realizing /c ɟ ɳ/ as [tʲ dʲ nʲ] is a feature of sung Ouřefr.
In the Oeljanian accent, '''ř''' is realized as a voiceless trill [r̥] in voiceless environments (word-finally and adjacent to a voiceless consonant). In the Lo'edjeuan accent, '''ř''' is always voiceless [r̥]. In dialects, '''ř''' is variously pronounced like [r̝] (the Czech ''ř''), [ʐ], [ʂ], [ʒ], [ʃ], or [ð], or merges with '''r'''.
====Notes on consonant diachronics====
Řeuŋnie shows debuccalization of Proto-Idavic *g to '''h''' /ʕ/; compare Dutch, Czech and Ukrainian. Proto-Nabŋaic *b has shifted to '''v'''. /p b g/ are loan phonemes.
 
Proto-Idavic *ť ď has shifted to '''*č dž''' > '''c z'''.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
'''a e/ě i/y o u á é ij/ei ó ú eu/ui ie oe ou r ŕ''' /ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ɵ aː(ɹ) ɛː(ɹ) ɛɪ~ɪj ɔː ʉː œː ɪː oː~uː əʊ~əʏ ə ɜː/
The spelling of Řeuŋnie vowels reflects a shift similar to the Great Vowel Shift (cf. Common Czech and Dutch), which also affects loanwords borrowed before the shift, such as most Netagin loans in Řeuŋnie.
 
'''a e/je i/y o u á é ij/ei ó ú eu/ui ie oe ou''' /ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ɵ aː ɛː ɛɪ~ɪj aː yː~ʉː œː ɪː oː~uː əʊ~əʏ/


Closer allophones [ɪj~eɪ] of /ɛɪ/ are more common after palatals /c ɟ ɲ j ʃ tʃ ʒ dʒ r̝/.
Closer allophones [ɪj~eɪ] of /ɛɪ/ are more common after palatals /c ɟ ɲ/.


*'''ě i ie ij eu''' are palatalizing; all other orthographic vowels are nonpalatalizing.
*'''je i ie í eu''' are palatalizing; all other orthographic vowels are nonpalatalizing.
**For C = '''b p v f''', '''Cě Ceu Cij''' denote /Cjɛ Cjœː Cjɛɪ/; '''mě meu mij''' denotes /mɲɛ mɲœː mɲɛɪ/.
**For C = '''b p v f''', '''Cje Ceu Cí''' denote /Cjɛ Cjœː Cjɛɪ/; '''mje meu mij''' denotes /mɲɛ mɲœː mɲɛɪ/.
**For C = '''d t n''', '''Cě Ci Cie Cij Ceu''' denote /ɟ c ɲ/ + vowel.
**For C = '''d t n''', '''Cje Ci Cie Cí Ceu''' denote /ɟ c ɲ/ + vowel.
*'''ó''' mostly occurs in loanwords from [[Netagin]].
*'''ó''' mostly occurs in loanwords from [[Netagin]].


====Notes on vowel diachronics====
====Notes on vowel diachronics====
Ouřefr has lost Proto-Nabŋaic vowel length. Pre-Proto-Nabŋaic i u e a ī ū ē ā has become e o e a i y ě o when not lengthened; Unlike in Nabbrzé, some devoicing of short i and u has occurred (cf. Japanese), which gave Ouřefr more consonant clusters.
Řeuŋnie has lost Proto-Nabŋaic vowel length. Pre-Proto-Nabŋaic i u e a ī ū ē ā become e o e a i y ě o when not lengthened. Some vowel devoicing has occurred (cf. Japanese), which gave Řeuŋnie more consonant clusters.


Long vowels result from open-syllable lengthening (OSL): **čettijn > *četijn; **četijn > *čétijn. OSL occurred before the devoicing, making the Ourefr distribution of long vowels somewhat similar to Czech.
Long vowels result from open-syllable lengthening (OSL): **čettijn > *četijn; **četijn > *čétijn. OSL occurred before the devoicing, making the Ourefr distribution of long vowels somewhat similar to Czech.


Modern '''ie ei/ij oe ú''' result from older 'ää ý/í ó ú. Old Ouřefr u, ú has shifted to i, ij after soft consonants ''j č ž š ň *ľ ř''.
Modern '''ie ý/í oe ú''' result from older 'ää ý/í ó ú. Old Řeuŋnie u, ú has shifted to i, ij after soft consonants ''j č ž š ň *ľ ř''.


Palatalizing '''eu''' /œː/ is common in native words. Common sources are:
Palatalizing '''eu''' /œː/ is common in native words. Common sources are:
*Old Ouřefr /æː/ before velars or /l/: for example, ''řeuŋ'' /r̝œːŋ/ 'wind' comes from Old Ouřefr ''řa̋ŋ'' < PNab ''*reiŋu'' < PId ''*reyŋu''.
*Old Řeuŋnie /æː/ before velars or /l/: for example, ''řeuŋ'' /rœːŋ/ 'wind' comes from Old Řeuŋnie ''řa̋ŋ'' < PNab ''*rěŋu'' < PId ''*renwi''.
*Old Ouřefr long /juː/, coming from PId /ew/ or /iw/.
*Old Řeuŋnie long /juː/, coming from PId /ew/ or /iw/.
Non-palatalizing '''ui''' /œː/ comes mostly from historical ''*ujV'' or loanwords.
Non-palatalizing '''ui''' /œː/ comes mostly from historical ''*ujV'' or loanwords.


Most speakers today are in the process of merging '''ŕ''' /ɜː/ into '''á''' /aː/.
Most speakers today are in the process of merging /ɜː/ into '''á''' /aː/.
 
As suggested by the spelling, '''r ŕ''' come from syllabic ''r''; they are cognate to Nabbrzé ''-arz/-árz''.
 
===Suprasegmentals===
Long vowels take two morae; downstep as in Japanese
 
*baàk = /baꜜ.ak/ 'basil'
*bàak = /ba.akꜜ/ 'feather'
*baak = /ba.ak/ 'stump'


Accent is not distinguished in the native orthography except in dictionaries; hence all three words above will be transliterated ''bák'', unless disambiguation is needed.
As suggested by the spelling, '''ŕ''' /ɜː/ comes from syllabic ''r''.


===Historically hard-soft vowel pairs===
===Historically hard-soft vowel pairs===
Line 65: Line 138:
*hard a ~ soft ě
*hard a ~ soft ě
*hard ei ~ soft ij
*hard ei ~ soft ij
*hard á ~ soft eu
*hard á ~ soft ie/eu
*hard ou ~ soft eu
*hard ou ~ soft eu
*hard ui ~ soft eu
*hard ui ~ soft eu
Line 71: Line 144:
*hard ú ~ soft ij
*hard ú ~ soft ij


Long vowels result from OSL čettijn > četijn; četijn > čeetijn
Long vowels result from OSL ćettijn > cetijn; ćetijn > cétijn
 
==Syntax==
Lifted from Korean and Japanese; completely head-final except in poetry.
 
==Poetry==
Piyyut-like rhyming (i.e. last syllables agree) is the most common way to rhyme two words.
 
==Sample text==
===UDHR===
''Tkanje beušij na giečti kfa botsijné vo, oedḿŋo'il ze wakŕvil páčta navŕsijnéc. Beušij na toudžḿnil rachúbinil ze mačijdil sfášijm vo, iezoer oŋužeuv lama dŕmi ŋ́ku-teuzimi wášil wecsáš goezách mienic.''


==Morphology==
[[Category:Languages]]
Inflectional morphology is Slavic and Germanic-inspired; clitics and syntax are Japanese-inspired
[[Category:Conlangs]]
===Nouns===
===Verbs and adjectives===
===Clitics===
===Numerals===
===Derivational morphology===

Latest revision as of 20:30, 6 June 2024

Řeuŋnie is an a priori conlang inspired by Czech, Dutch, and Cantonese.

todo

Oebek oebek chál etjewech 'we have a lot of mountains'

Words

  • 1: mál, 2: sep, 3: gej, 4: ádoš, 5: woez, 6: veunt, 7: ilem, 8: leuč, 9: mutj, 10: báj
  • euj = (literary) lo, behold
  • čeudj 'town'
  • oebek oebek = (ideo) plentiful
  • uistř 'self'
  • uistřeft 'independence'
  • beukĺ 'to repeat on a smaller scale'
  • čétijn 'always'
  • wachop = to approach
  • wach- = near

Diachronics

  1. OSL
  2. Czech-like depalatalization and hard/soft vowel splits
  3. Palatalization-dependent GVS, then another depalatalization?
  4. Old Řeuŋnie ć dź ś ź merge into c z s z
  5. n- > l- (unless assimilating)

Test

Woeŋanies uistřeft melouk lo vahrádyvijŋ, ar mezryz wodmyce bacirnje řeunie aš ŋávej tjemzánisie. Evloedr wie doezanejne hář, po ryhoteuŋ.

Phonology

"Czech with more vowels and simpler phonotactics" or "Play up the Dutch in Czech"

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal(ized) Velar
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ nj /ɲ/ ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive p /p/ b /b/ t /t/ d /d/ tj /c/ dj /ɟ/ k /k/
Fricative f /f/ v /v/ s, š /s/ z, ž /z/ ch /x/ g /ɣ/
Affricate c, č /ts/
Flap r /ɾ/
Trill ř /r~r̥/
Approximant w /(Dutch w)/ l /l~ɫ/ j /j/, lj /ʎ/

m n ŋ l r can be syllabic; when syllabic they are written ḿ ń ŋ́ ĺ ŕ and have the same length as long vowels.

Voiceless stops are unaspirated as in Dutch and Czech.

Obstruent voicing assimilation as in Slavic.

Glottal reinforcement, but no gemination

/l/ has the same l~ɫ allophony as in RP; vocalization of dark L to [w] possible

In the Oeljanian accent, r is always a tap [ɾ]. In the Lo'edjeuan accent, r can be uvular.

In the Oeljanian accent, ř is realized as a voiceless trill [r̥] in voiceless environments (word-finally and adjacent to a voiceless consonant). In the Lo'edjeuan accent, ř is always voiceless [r̥]. In dialects, ř is variously pronounced like [r̝] (the Czech ř), [ʐ], [ʂ], [ʒ], [ʃ], or [ð], or merges with r.

Notes on consonant diachronics

Řeuŋnie shows debuccalization of Proto-Idavic *g to h /ʕ/; compare Dutch, Czech and Ukrainian. Proto-Nabŋaic *b has shifted to v. /p b g/ are loan phonemes.

Proto-Idavic *ť ď has shifted to *č dž > c z.

Vowels

The spelling of Řeuŋnie vowels reflects a shift similar to the Great Vowel Shift (cf. Common Czech and Dutch), which also affects loanwords borrowed before the shift, such as most Netagin loans in Řeuŋnie.

a e/je i/y o u á é ij/ei ó ú eu/ui ie oe ou /ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ɵ aː ɛː ɛɪ~ɪj aː yː~ʉː œː ɪː oː~uː əʊ~əʏ/

Closer allophones [ɪj~eɪ] of /ɛɪ/ are more common after palatals /c ɟ ɲ/.

  • je i ie í eu are palatalizing; all other orthographic vowels are nonpalatalizing.
    • For C = b p v f, Cje Ceu Cí denote /Cjɛ Cjœː Cjɛɪ/; mje meu mij denotes /mɲɛ mɲœː mɲɛɪ/.
    • For C = d t n, Cje Ci Cie Cí Ceu denote /ɟ c ɲ/ + vowel.
  • ó mostly occurs in loanwords from Netagin.

Notes on vowel diachronics

Řeuŋnie has lost Proto-Nabŋaic vowel length. Pre-Proto-Nabŋaic i u e a ī ū ē ā become e o e a i y ě o when not lengthened. Some vowel devoicing has occurred (cf. Japanese), which gave Řeuŋnie more consonant clusters.

Long vowels result from open-syllable lengthening (OSL): **čettijn > *četijn; **četijn > *čétijn. OSL occurred before the devoicing, making the Ourefr distribution of long vowels somewhat similar to Czech.

Modern ie ý/í oe ú result from older 'ää ý/í ó ú. Old Řeuŋnie u, ú has shifted to i, ij after soft consonants j č ž š ň *ľ ř.

Palatalizing eu /œː/ is common in native words. Common sources are:

  • Old Řeuŋnie /æː/ before velars or /l/: for example, řeuŋ /rœːŋ/ 'wind' comes from Old Řeuŋnie řa̋ŋ < PNab *rěŋu < PId *renwi.
  • Old Řeuŋnie long /juː/, coming from PId /ew/ or /iw/.

Non-palatalizing ui /œː/ comes mostly from historical *ujV or loanwords.

Most speakers today are in the process of merging /ɜː/ into á /aː/.

As suggested by the spelling, ŕ /ɜː/ comes from syllabic r.

Historically hard-soft vowel pairs

  • hard y ~ soft i
  • hard u ~ soft i
  • hard a ~ soft ě
  • hard ei ~ soft ij
  • hard á ~ soft ie/eu
  • hard ou ~ soft eu
  • hard ui ~ soft eu
  • hard oe ~ soft ie
  • hard ú ~ soft ij

Long vowels result from OSL ćettijn > cetijn; ćetijn > cétijn

Syntax

Lifted from Korean and Japanese; completely head-final except in poetry.

Poetry

Piyyut-like rhyming (i.e. last syllables agree) is the most common way to rhyme two words.

Sample text

UDHR

Tkanje beušij na giečti kfa botsijné vo, oedḿŋo'il ze wakŕvil páčta navŕsijnéc. Beušij na toudžḿnil rachúbinil ze mačijdil sfášijm vo, iezoer oŋužeuv lama dŕmi ŋ́ku-teuzimi wášil wecsáš goezách mienic.

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