Verse:Hmøøh/Society and politics: Difference between revisions

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==Phonology==
The phonology was inspired by Southeast Asian languages, and the orthography incorporates my desire to use ''ß'' for /s/ and ''s'' for something else
===Consonants===
ẞ
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="9"|Bơlơn consonants (Aesthetic Romanization)
|-
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Dental
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Uvular
!  |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
| '''nh''' /ɳ/
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! |<small>tenuis</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''z''' /c/
| '''k''' /k/
|
| '''ʼ''' /ʔ/
|-
! |<small>aspirated</small>
| '''ph''' /pʰ/
| '''th''' /tʰ/
| '''zh''' /cʰ/
| '''kh''' /kʰ/
|
|
|-
! |<small>breathy-voiced</small>
| '''b''' /bʱ/
| '''d''' /ɗʱ/
| '''ɟ''' /ɟʱ/
| '''g''' /gʱ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| '''v''' /f/
| '''ß''' /s/
| '''s''' /ç/
| '''ch''' /x/
|
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
|
| '''y''' /ð/
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''w''' /β̞/
|
| '''j''' /j~ʝ/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Liquid
|
| '''l''' /l/
|
|
| '''r''' /ʀ/
|
|}


Geminate /cc(ʰ)/ and /kk(ʰ)/ are written '''tz(h)''' and '''ck(h)''', and /kβ/ is written '''qu'''.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="9"|(Represents the way Talsmic-speaking scholars were likely to transliterate it)
|-
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Dental
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Uvular
!  |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
| '''ñ''' /ɳ/
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! |<small>tenuis</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''ŧ''' /c/
| '''c''' /k/
|
| '''ʼ''' /ʔ/
|-
! |<small>aspirated</small>
| '''pʰ''' /pʰ/
| '''tʰ''' /tʰ/
| '''ŧʰ''' /cʰ/
| '''cʰ''' /kʰ/
|
|
|-
! |<small>breathy-voiced</small>
| '''b''' /bʱ/
| '''d''' /ɗʱ/
| '''dŧ''' /ɟʱ/
| '''g''' /gʱ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| '''f''' /f/
| '''th''' /s/
| '''s''' /ç/
| '''ch''' /x/
|
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
|
| '''ð''' /ð/
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Affricate
! |<small>tenuis</small>
|
| '''s''' /ts/
|
|
|
|
|-
! |<small>aspirated</small>
|
| '''sh''' /tsʰ/
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''v''' /β̞/
|
| '''ı''' /j~ʝ/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Liquid
|
| '''l''' /l/
|
|
| '''ŗ''' /ʀ/
|
|}
====Allophony====
All plosives are pronounced unreleased / V_C, V_#.
Aspirated and breathy-voiced plosives may be affricated.
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="7" | Vowels (Aesthetic Romanization)
|-
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Back
|-
!colspan="2"|<small>unrounded</small>
!colspan="2"|<small>rounded</small>
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''í''' /iː/
| '''ư''' /ɯ/
| '''ứ''' /ɯː/
| '''u''' /u/
| '''ú''' /uː/
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
| '''e''' /e/
| '''é''' /eː/
| '''ơ''' /ɤ/
| '''ớ''' /ɤː/
| '''o''' /o/
| '''ó''' /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
| '''ê''' /ɛ/
| '''ế''' /ɛː/
|
|
| '''ô''' /ɔ/
| '''ố''' /ɔː/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
| '''á''' /aː/
|
|
|}
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="7" | Vowels (Talsmic-eye(or is it ear?)-view transliteration)
|-
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Back
|-
!colspan="2"|<small>unrounded</small>
!colspan="2"|<small>rounded</small>
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''í''' /iː/
| '''y''' /ɯ/
| '''ý''' /ɯː/
| '''u''' /u/
| '''ú''' /uː/
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
| '''e''' /e/
| '''é''' /eː/
| '''ơ''' /ɤ/
| '''ớ''' /ɤː/
| '''o''' /o/
| '''ó''' /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
| '''ê''' /ɛ/
| '''ế''' /ɛː/
|
|
| '''ô''' /ɔ/
| '''ố''' /ɔː/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
| '''á''' /aː/
|
|
|}
====Diphthongs====
Diphthongs often distinguish length.
'''ai, ei''' / '''ái, ếi''' /aːɪ̯/<br/>
'''ay, ey''' / '''ai, êi''' /aɪ̯/<br/>
'''ao''' / '''áu''' /aːʊ̯/<br/>
'''au''' / '''au''' /aʊ/<br/>
'''aa''' / '''áơ''' /aːɜ̯/<br/>
'''aư''' / '''ay''' /aɯ̯/<br/>
'''eư, êư''' / '''ớy'''  /ɤːɯ̯/<br/>
'''ơư''' / '''ơy''' /ɤɯ̯/<br/>
'''ee''' / '''éi''' /eːɪ̯/<br/>
'''ia''' / '''ie''' /iɜ̯/<br/>
'''ie''' / '''íe''' /iːɜ̯/<br/>
'''oo''' / '''óu''' /oːʊ̯/<br/>
'''ua''' / '''ua''' /uɜ̯/<br/>
'''uo''' / '''úa''' /uːɜ̯/<br/>
'''ưa''' / '''ya''' /ɯɜ̯/<br/>
'''ươ''' / '''ýa''' /ɯːɜ̯/<br/>
===Phonotactics===
C[r/l/j/β]VC is the max. syllable structure.
==Features==
*Marked absolutive
*Possessum and possessor are both marked
*Absolutive, ergative, etc.
*Spatial tenses/directionality
*Pluractionality requires the antipassive
*More prefixing than suffixing
*Non-reduced relative clauses
*<s>??? Polysynthesis ???</s>
*Suffixaufnahme? Präfixaufnahme?
==Grammar==
===Nouns===
All nouns are capitalized in the native orthography and in transliteration.
====Possession====
Possession is marked with a possessive suffix on the possessum and a case ending on the possessor.
===Verbs===
Bơlơn distinguishes declarative, subjunctive, imperative and interrogative verbs. Interrogative verbs are also used to build conditional clauses.
<!--===Sample text===
Hơ! Hee! Nu ẞíwesơn zôviêz nhey Yươstúlɟeng ʼơư Winthúnưtzeh mangchưanưmaß!-->

Latest revision as of 19:47, 25 January 2023

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