Paang: Difference between revisions

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'''Cuam''' (''CuamR'' /khuəm/ with rising tone) is an [[Verse:Irta|Irtan]] Southern Chinese/SEA language in the Cuamic family; it has influenced the Scandinavian-inspired Irtan Chinese lect.
'''Paang''' (''rhư nténg Pa{{cvla}}ng'') is a classical language of Hmøøhian author Tsayfuan's fantasy world. It is a monosyllabic tonal language with initial consonant mutations. It is inspired in-universe by Talmic and Æ, and I was actually inspired by Insular Celtic and Southeast Asian languages.


Cuam is inspired by Irish, Thai and Hmong.
Paang poetry uses the Vietnamese lục bát meter, which Tsayfuan took from Æ poetry.


==Phonology==
== Todo ==
Initials: all Irish single consonants plus prenasalized stops and sh(n/l/r)-; allow br dr gr fr cr tr bl dl gl fl cl tl; p- only occurs in borrowings; stops are +asp/-asp like in Scottish Gaelic
* May liberally steal vocab from Celtic
** ''miền'' 'to desire'
** ''riêmh'' 'never'
** ''ciên'' 'old; distant'
** ''ciến'' (clf. ''ô{{cvla}}gh<sup>L</sup>'') 'age; distance'
** ''fiển'' (clf. ''lló<sup>L</sup>'') 'soldier'
** ''téng'' (clf. ''rhư''<sup>N</sup>)  'language'
** ''biêdh'' 'food'
** ''rhiền'' (clf. ''ngiềbh'') 'path'
** ''rhiên'' (clf. ''lló<sup>L</sup>'') 'maiden'
** ''gần''<sup>L</sup> 'without'
* ''Tol Kiền'': the creator god


shm- is only used in so-called ''shm''-reduplication
== Phonology ==
Initials: /k kʰ χ ŋ ŋ{{v-}} ŋʰ ɣ
t tʰ θ n n{{v-}} nʰ ð
p φ f m m{{v-}} mʰ v
j r r{{v-}} l ɬ w ʍ s h ʔ/


Séimhiú should have different outcomes from Irish
Nuclei: /i e ɛ a ɨ ə u o ɔ iə ɨə uə/


In unmutated words, all Irish unmutated initials + séimhiúed initials are permissible
Finals: /{{ng}}{{tiebar}}m n {{ng}} r k{{tiebar}}p t k j ð ɨ{{nsyll}} w/


séimhiúed words can't séimhiú again, but when they get urúed it manifests as prenasalization:
Tones: a à a{{cvla}} á ả = mid low fall high rise


* ''**CV-(initial) > (lexically séimhiúed initial)''
<g c ch ng hng nc gh
* ''**-n CV-(initial) > n:(initial) > nC (prenasalized initial)''
d t th n hn nt dh
b p f m hm mp bh
j r rh l lh w wh s h 0
i ê e a ư ơ/â a u ô o ia/iê ưa/ươ ua/uô
mh n ng r b d g i dh gh u>


Vowels: all combos of +-pal x vowel allowed in Irish (assuming broad final)
My romanization spells /kʰ/ as ''k'' in certain names.
 
Allowed finals: -b -d -g -idh (-j) -imh (nasalization + -j) -bh (-w) -mh (nasalization + -w) -m -n -il -r
 
Tones are essentially the same as in Thai:
* "Dead syllables" (checked):
** short vowel: a¹ a² (low high)
** long vowel; á¹ á² (low falling)
* "Live syllables" (non-checked): long: áM áL áF áH áR (mid low falling high rising, as in Thai)
 
entering tone syllables (open short vowel, or d/g final)  can only take a and à tones
 
forbids shm- like Irish but unlike Tigolic
 
== Grammar ==
absolute state is sometimes a floating mutating morpheme that marks gender (marks absolute state, construct state doesn't mutate). Sometimes absolute state manifests as a separate preposed word or syllable which may or may not mutate the word itself. (absolute state comes from a preceding classifier)
 
1-10: leidh¹, nán², feó¹, tlud¹, daimh⁵, án², ciúr³, shnán², shleidh¹, faoil²
==Diachronics ==
Some "possible" syllables should be disallowed bc of historical sound change, like unasp stop initial + nasal coda + 2nd tone syllables in Mandarin
 
Before having mutations, Cuam had long, short and ultrashort vowels. Mutations come from preceding ultrashort syllables that are lost.
 
After Cuam gained mutations, it underwent the medieval Sinosphere register/tone split like most other languages in the Sinosphere, resulting in mutation depending on tone. Early Modern Cuam had a very complex system of mutations and tonal ablaut, which Modern Cuam simplified to a finite set of noun genders by analogy.
 
==== Orthography ====
A Far East Semitic based abugida
==== Tone diachronics ====
Middle Cuam (before the tone split) had 3 tones, like Middle Chinese, marked in the native script as unmarked, tone 1 and tone 2.
 
Consonant classes (séimhiú didn't change the consonant class while urú did)
* Mid: *k- series, glottal stop
* High: *kh- series, voiceless fricatives, shR-
* Low: *g series, voiced fricatives, resonants
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tone chart
!class
!ending
!none
!-่
!-้
!-๊
!-๋
|-
|mid
|dead
| style="background: #fa4" |low
| -
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
| style="background: #cfa" |high
| -
|-
|mid
|alive
| style="background: #f66" |mid
| style="background: #fa4" |low
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
| style="background: #cfa" |high
| style="background: #6fc" |rise
|-
|high
|dead
| style="background: #fa4" |low
| -
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
|-
|high
|alive
| style="background: #6fc" |rise
| style="background: #fa4" |low
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
|-
|low
|dead (short vowel)
| style="background: #cfa" |high
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
| -
|-
|low
|dead (long vowel)
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
| -
| style="background: #cfa" |high
|-
|low
|alive
| style="background: #f66" |mid
| style="background: #ff3" |fall
| style="background: #cfa" |high
|-
|}

Latest revision as of 16:29, 2 May 2023

Paang (rhư nténg Pa̍ng) is a classical language of Hmøøhian author Tsayfuan's fantasy world. It is a monosyllabic tonal language with initial consonant mutations. It is inspired in-universe by Talmic and Æ, and I was actually inspired by Insular Celtic and Southeast Asian languages.

Paang poetry uses the Vietnamese lục bát meter, which Tsayfuan took from Æ poetry.

Todo

  • May liberally steal vocab from Celtic
    • miền 'to desire'
    • riêmh 'never'
    • ciên 'old; distant'
    • ciến (clf. ô̍ghL) 'age; distance'
    • fiển (clf. llóL) 'soldier'
    • téng (clf. rhưN) 'language'
    • biêdh 'food'
    • rhiền (clf. ngiềbh) 'path'
    • rhiên (clf. llóL) 'maiden'
    • gầnL 'without'
  • Tol Kiền: the creator god

Phonology

Initials: /k kʰ χ ŋ ŋ̊ ŋʰ ɣ t tʰ θ n n̊ nʰ ð p φ f m m̊ mʰ v j r r̊ l ɬ w ʍ s h ʔ/

Nuclei: /i e ɛ a ɨ ə u o ɔ iə ɨə uə/

Finals: /ŋ͡m n ŋ r k͡p t k j ð ɨ̯ w/

Tones: a à a̍ á ả = mid low fall high rise

<g c ch ng hng nc gh d t th n hn nt dh b p f m hm mp bh j r rh l lh w wh s h 0 i ê e a ư ơ/â a u ô o ia/iê ưa/ươ ua/uô mh n ng r b d g i dh gh u>

My romanization spells /kʰ/ as k in certain names.

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