Proto-Hlou-Shum: Difference between revisions

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==Proto-Talsmic phonology==
#redirect [[Hlou-Shum languages]]
===Consonant inventory===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="9"|Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants
|-
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Alveolar
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Uvular
!  |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| *m
| *n
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| *p
| *t
| *c
| *k
| *q
| *ʔ
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| *b
| *d
| *ɟ
| *g
|
|
|-
! |<small>aspirated</small>
| *pʰ
| *tʰ
| *cʰ
| *kʰ
| *qʰ
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>voiceless</small>
|
| *s
| *ç
|
|
| *h
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
|
| *z
| *ƶ
|
|rowspan="2"| *ʁ
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| *w
|
| *j
|
 
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|
| *r
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Lateral app.
|
| *l
|
|
|
|
|}
 
/qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ].
 
===Vocalic inventory===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| *i *ī
|
| *u *ū
|-
! style="" |Mid
| *e *ē
|
| *o *ō
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| *a *ā
|
|}
 
==Sound changes==
#''*qʰ'' > ''*χ''
#''*ʔ=ʔ'' > ''*ʔ''
#''*kʰ *cʰ *tʰ *pʰ'' > ''*x *ç *θ *ɸ''
#''*ēj'' > ''*ie''
#''Pronominal grammaticalization begins''
#''*ie'' often > ''*i'' / _#
#''*c'' > ''*ŧ''
#''*ç *ƶ''
#*> (laminal fricatives) > ''*θ *ð''
#*> ''*x'' _C[+coronal +plosive/affricate]
#''*k'' > ''*x'' / _{''d'', ''t'', ''ŧ''}
#''*tk'', ''*ck'' ''*tkʰ/kʰ'' > ''*xt'', ''*xŧ'', ''*kθ''
#''*ɟ'' > ''*ʎ''
#''Themsaran rhotacization 1:'' ''*z'' > ''*r'' / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
#coronal obstruent + sibilant<sub>i</sub> > sibilant<sub>i</sub>sibilant<sub>i</sub>
#''*oi *ui'' > ''*ȳ''
#''*ou'' > ''*ū''
#''Tonogenesis event:'' ''*=ʔ'' > word-final tonic syllable
#''*tl *dl''
#*> ''*kl *gl'' / #_
#*> ''*tl *rl'' / V_
#''*u, *w'' > ''*y'' / C_#
#''*''CC[+resonant]{C, #} > ''*''CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
#*Cyı{C, #} > Ci{C, #}
#CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
#''*ıy[ː]'' > ''i[ː]''
#''*mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ'' > ''*mp, *nt, *lt, *rt''; ''*mh, *nh, *lh, *rh'' > ''*mɸ, *nθ, *lθ, *rθ''
#''*nr'' > ''*ndr'', ''*lr'' > ''*ldr''
#''Verbal tone patterns are established''
#''*h''
#*> [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
#*> [~ː] / _#
#''*ʔ''
#*> [ː~] / _C
#*> [~ː] / _#
#''*q *χ'' > ''*ʡ *ħ''
#''*ʁ'' > ''*ʕ'' / unless _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
#''*w, *ʁ'' > ''*v''
#''*ʕ'' > ''*ħ''
#*> 0 / otherwise
#''*ʡ''
#*> ''ħ'' / _{''*t'', ''*ŧ''}
#C[+radical] > ''a'' / _#
 
===Diphthongs===
Note: ~ denotes ''*ʔ'' or ''*h''
 
*''*a~'' > ''ā''
*''*a~[e/i]'' > ''ae''
*''*aj, *ajV, a~ī'' > ''ai'''
*''*a~[o/u]'' > ''ao''
*''*aw, *awV'' > ''au''' (sometimes)
*''*ej, *e~ī'' > ''ei''
*''*ēj'' > ''ie''
*''*ē~'' > ''ie'' (sometimes)
*''*i~'' > ''ie''
*''*u~'' > ''uo''
 
[[Category:Diachronics]]

Latest revision as of 21:48, 1 January 2019

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