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| '''Corsican Arabic''' is the Irish-influenced Arabic variety spoken in [[Verse:Irta|Irta]], in our Corsica (natively ''əl-KoRSəKə'' [ɜ̟l̪ˈqʰɔɾˁsˁʌqʰʌ], Irta Irish ''an Chorsac''). In Irta it's called Corsican (natively ''əl-KoRSəKí'' [ɜ̟l̪qʰɔɾˁsˁʌˈqʰɪː] or ''ət-taNGə KoRSəKíjə'' [ɜ̟t̪ˈt̪ʰæɴɢʌ qʰɔɾˁsˁʌˈqʰɪːjɜ̟] (''taNGə'' is from Irish ''teanga''); in Irish ''an Chorsacais''). Its speakers are predominantly Catholic. | | {{List subpages}} |
| | | '''Qwbmwdqwg''' /ʔə˥mə˨˩˨ʔə˧˩̤/ is a tritonal root language. |
| "Maltese but with Irish (and secondarily French and Sardinian) instead of Italian" --- the only Irtan Semlang that evolved naturally under Celtic influence (Crannish is more Azalic, and Irta Modern Hebrew was revived by Celtic speakers), and the only Irtan Semitic language written in the Latin script (it underwent a spelling reform after using a heavily Irish-based spelling for a long period).
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| : ''dia Γit/Γíw; sláM alékəm'' - greeting
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| : ''diaS Murə Γit/Γíw; alékəm sláM'' -reply
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| == History ==
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| Corsica was ruled by Arabs, then by the Irish, then the French, then the Azalic English
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| == Phonology == | | == Phonology == |
| Corsican Arabic has an almost complete set of emphatic-nonemphatic pairs:
| | * vowels: {{angbr|''w oo''}} /ə ã/ |
| | | * consonants: {{angbr|''q m k''}} /ʔ m k~h/ |
| B '''b''' '''G''' '''g''' '''D''' '''d''' H '''h''' W '''w''' '''Z''' '''z''' T '''t''' '''Γ''' '''j''' K '''k''' '''X''' x L '''l''' M '''m''' N '''n''' '''S''' '''s''' F '''f''' P p '''R''' '''r''' '''š''' (bold = inherited as underlying consonant)
| | * tone letters are used at the end of syllables: {{angbr|''-b -0 -x -s -t -j -v -g -d -z -l''}} /˥ ˧ ˩˧ ˩ ˨˩ˀ ˥˧ ˨˦ ˧˩̤ ˨˩˨ ˧˦˧ ˧˩/ |
| | | The -0 tone only occurs in function words and affixes. |
| voicing distinction in stops is realized like in Irish; G is usually [q⁼], W = [wˁ], w = [w(compressed)], [β] before vowels
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| t d T D n l N L are dental | |
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| word-final nonemphatic consonants are slightly palatalized
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| Clusters may not follow bwb sws in native words or with Irish words put into Arabic patterns. Irish broad and slender consonants are borrowed as emphatic and nonemphatic consonants, respectively.
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| has a similar vowel inventory to Irish, with short /u/ (retained from Classical Arabic) realized as [y] after nonemphatic consonants and with more vowels from lost ayin
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| a i o u ə á é í ó ú əj əw aj aw ea oa ia ua
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| a is [æ] after nonemphatics, [ɑ] after emphatics
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| i is [i] after nonemphatics, [ɪ] after emphatics
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| u is [ʏ] after nonemphatics, [ʊ] after emphatics
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| unstressed a is [ɐ], unstressed ə is [ʌ] after an emphatic and [ɜ̟] after a nonemphatic
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| == Morphology == | | == Morphology == |
| should extract consonantal roots from Irish words
| | Most Qwbmwdqwg roots are tritonal. Some roots in the qwT<sub>1</sub>mwT<sub>2</sub>kwT<sub>3</sub> verb stem: |
| === Pronouns === | | * ''qw'''l'''mw'''b'''kw'''j''''' = to preside |
| * inə, int, hu(wə), hi(jə), nahnə, intum, hum | | * ''qw'''b'''mw'''d'''kw'''g''''' = to speak |
| | * ''qw'''x'''mw'''b'''kw'''b''''' = to hear |
| | * ''qw'''j'''mw'''g'''kw'''d''''' = to see |
| | * ''qw'''b'''mw'''x'''kw'''s''''' = to eat |
| | * ''qw'''z'''mw'''x'''kw'''v''''' = to drink |
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| | Some roots are bitonal: |
| | * ''qw'''x'''kw'''j''''' 'to stand' |
| | * ''qw'''s'''kw'''s''''' 'to go, to walk' |
| | * ''qw'''b'''kw'''x''''' 'to fly' |
| === Nouns === | | === Nouns === |
| sound plurals: m. -0 > -ín, f. -ə > -áh;
| | The plural marker is ''-qoob'': ''mw'''b'''kw'''x''''' 'bird', ''mw'''b'''kw'''x'''qoob'' 'birds'. |
| | ==== Patterns ==== |
| | (b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root) |
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| m. pl. const. -é
| | === Verbs === |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | |+ ''qwlmwlkwd'' 'to sleep' |
| | |- |
| | ! Person !! Non-past !! Past/Stative |
| | |- |
| | ! 1sg |
| | || ''qoolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqoodqoox'' |
| | |- |
| | ! 2sg |
| | || ''koolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqoodkwt'' |
| | |- |
| | ! 3sg |
| | || ''moolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqood'' |
| | |- |
| | ! 1pl |
| | || ''qoolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodqoov'' |
| | |- |
| | ! 2pl |
| | || ''koolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodkoov'' |
| | |- |
| | ! 3pl |
| | || ''moolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodmooj'' |
| | |- |
| | ! Participle |
| | |colspan=2| ''moolqwlqwd'' |
| | |- |
| | ! Verbal noun |
| | |colspan=2| ''qwlmwlkwd'' |
| | |} |
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| f. sg. const. -ət/-t (''Gijə'' 'prayer' -> ''Gijət'' 'prayer of', ''Gijəti'' 'my prayer'); f. pl. const. -át
| | ==== Patterns ==== |
| | (b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root) |
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| emphasis spreading to the syllables after a posttonic emphatic
| | Need nif3al and hif3il |
| * Gijə 'prayer', Gijəti 'my prayer'; Gijətuh 'his prayer'
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| * taNGə 'language', taNGəTi 'my language'; taNGəTuh 'his language'
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| * baNəXT 'blessing; to bless', bəNáXiT 'blessings'?
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| todo: broken plurals
| | === Pronouns === |
| | No subject pronouns |
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| article əl- (moon) or əC- (sun); sun letters D d Z z T t L l N n S s R r š
| | Pronominal affixes: todo |
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| sg and sound pl fem possessives: -i -ək -uh -hə -nə -kum -hum
| | == Syntax == |
| | === Word order === |
| | Stolen from Lushootseed: predicate-first clauses and determiner-based noun phrases |
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| sound pl masc possessives: -ejjə -ék -éh -éhə -énə -ékum -éhum
| | === Noun phrases === |
| | Noun phrases acting as constituents rather than as predicates need the determiner ''qw'': |
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| irish -ə nouns are borrowed as feminine -ə
| | : Compare: |
| | :''Qw'''d'''kw'''l'''qw'''b''' qw qw'''b'''mw'''d'''qw'''g'''.'' |
| | : Qwbmwdqwg is easy. |
| | :''Qw'''b'''mw'''d'''qw'''g''' kwt. Qoo Kwskwskwskws kwt.'' |
| | : This is Qwbmwdqwg. And this is Quququqquq. |
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| head-marked (house.CONST DEF-king, house-3SG.M DEF-king) or double-marked possessives (house-SG.M DAT DEF-king)
| | === Emphasis === |
| | The emphatic pronoun is ''koo'' in all persons and numbers. It serves the same role as Irish emphatic forms. |
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| === Adjectives ===
| | * ''qoo'''s'''mw'''s''''' 'I go' |
| all adjectives have the same declension: -0 -ə -ín -áh. Inanimate plurals are treated as sg fem
| | * ''qoo'''s'''mw'''s''' koo'' / ''koo qoo'''s'''mw'''s''''' '<i>I</i> go' |
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| === Verbs ===
| | [[Category:Conlangs]] |
| retain passive binyanim as impersonal; maSdars work like Irish verbnouns
| | [[Category:Angai]] |
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| === Prepositions ===
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| fré = against? frejjə, frék, fréh, fréhə, frénə, frékum, fréhum
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| alá = on; alejjə, alék, ...
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| mijejn 'about' (~ Scottish Gaelic mu dheidhinn): mijejni, mijejnək, mijejnih, mijejnhə, mijejnnə, mijejnkum, mijejnhum
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| fí is matched to faoi sometimes
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| === Numerals ===
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| wáhəd, tnén, tlátə, aRBa, hamsə, sittə, saba, tmánijə, disa, ášRə
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| == Syntax ==
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| Irish/Gàidhlig relex; VSO and verbnouns whose poessessors are direct objects. Even more Irishy than Irta Modern Hebrew
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| == Texts ==
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| === The Lord's Prayer ===
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| called ''əl-Pádir'' or ''əl-misérnə''
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