User:IlL/Togarmite: Difference between revisions

{{Infobox language

|name = {{PAGENAME}}

|image =  

|setting = Irta

*loss of grammatical gender

*loss of the passive binyanim

*the use of the ''w-form'' (inherited from the Old Togarmite waw-consecutive) for the present progressive, mirroring [[Time Traveler English|English]] ''-ing'' < PIE *-nd-kwe

*the development of a productive concatenative verb paradigm used to form verbs from other words, analogous to Germanic weak verbs

* Dalet tet tav > ð d t (d = /d~t/, t aspirated); more of a Hivantish/Spanish/Tsarfati Hebrew aesthetic and gives a Welsh aesthetic to Greek loans

* Should have initial w- > j- like Hebrew and Aramaic

*A few verbs derived from historical passive binyanim, analogized so they're weak verbs

*Gzarot

*Declensions

*Lots of triconsonantified Greek words

*Much less of an English relex: more consistent do-support, progressive forms used for imperfectives and VSO as in Welsh? Most "Englishy" bits should be literal translations of idioms, phrasal verbs and pragmatics, loss of grammatical gender, intense dialectal mixing in the early modern period with what appears to be occasional random unpredictable changes, and some vocabulary and affixes

*Relex Modern Greek in places where it differs grammatically from English: ''yn'' before proper names?

Modern Togarmite has 9 vowels in stressed syllables.

''ei au'' /ɛi ɔu/

|-

! indefinite

|}

==Verbs==

**The ''y-'' prefix is only used when the verb directly follows the subject pronoun: ''nėk yktøv'' 'I wrote', ''nėk lė ktøv'' 'I didn't write'.

*Present = from the bare w-form

|-

! present

|-

! present subjunctive

|-

! future

|-

! perfect

|-

! present

|-

! present progressive

|-

! present subjunctive

|-

! imperative

|-

! active participle

|-

! w-form

|-

! infinitive

|-

! present

|-

! present progressive

|-

! present subjunctive

|}

===''fe'' 'to be'===

The verb ''fe'' 'to be' is perhaps the most irregular verb of the language; it uses the Proto-Semitic suffix conjugation in the past tense.

|-

! past; conditional

| ''hu/hi kel''

| ''nan kel''

|-

! present subjunctive

| ''hu/hi kelan''

| ''nan kelan''

===''høvė'' 'should; ought'===

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"

! style="width: 75px; "| → Person<br/>↓ Tense

! style="width: 75px; " | 1sg

|-

! past

|-

! present

|}

* ''Yn γalt lu vė fytuh'' = The door is opening (being opened)

* ''Yn γalt vu fytuh'' = The door (was) opened

* ''Yn γalt fytuh'' = The door is open (lit. opened)

** ''vė'' is not repeated for future + passive: both 'The door opens' and 'The door will open' are ''Yn γalt vė fytuh''.

** ini, inak, inek, inau, ina, inė, inkøm, inaum

*''ly'' (''l' '' before V) 'of (possessive)'

*''šyðe'' 'out of' (from *śadiy-ah 'to the field')

*''me'' (''men'' before V) 'from'

** ''meni, menak, menek, menau, mena, menė, mekøm, menaum''

*''ȝem'' 'with (comitative)'

*''ȝal'' 'on'; with definite article ''ȝlėn/ȝlėm''  

** ''3lei, 3lėk, 3lėk, 3lėju, 3lėja, 3lėnė, 3lėkøm, 3lėjøm''

*''løv'' 'into, in' (from ''*la-libb'')

**''Nėk wamen løv žinė'' - I believe in this

*''ȝvar'' 'over'

*''tat'' 'under'

*''ðarkyn'' 'along'

*''vlėš'' 'without'

*''maCCeCt'' = causative version of ''myCCeC(t)''  

*''tyCCuC'', ''tyCCiC'', ''tyCCėC'' = action or process

*''CaCėC'' = agentive

** ''katėv'' 'writer'

*''CaCCan'' = agentive; ''-an'' is an agentive

*''CaCCėn'', ''CeCCėn'', and ''CøCCėn'' = nouns, often an augmentative

I: An object stays at rest, or at a constant speed, unless a force acts on it.

II: The change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force applied to the body; and the change occurs along the straight line on which that force is applied.

''Šaver in demaša zydarder!''

''Ym mγilut lym malk ȝlėn trøn lau''

''Atøm, žė watė mancavta hė,''

''Ȝavry hen yn Ylėh lawani ȝlėn arž.''