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| {{Infobox language | | {{list subpages}} |
| |creator = [[User:IlL|Inthar]]
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| |name = {{SUBPAGENAME}}
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| |image =
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| |setting = [[Verse:Méich Bhaonnáiqh]]
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| |nativename =
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| |pronunciation =
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| |region = Europe; North America
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| |states =
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| |speakers =
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| |date =
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| |familycolor=Indo-European
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| |fam1=Indo-European
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| |fam2=Celtic
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| }} | |
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| '''Shemroghian''', natively ''hid thabbåthå Šemrăghåkhå'' (< PCel sindā tangwāts swemrogākā 'own region's language') is a vernacular in Méich Bhaonnáiqh belonging to the Celtic family. It's inspired by Aramaic and also has Greek and Latin loans that look like Greco-Latin loans in Mishnaic Hebrew and Aramaic. It's the native language of the player character Ăvišyå (from *Awiswiyā, [[Verse:Aoife|Aoife]]'s Proto-Celtic interpretation of her own name). It's a fairly typical IE language. | | '''Flei''' (exonym?) is the most morphologically conservative extant Akya-Woms language. |
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| ''πăraqliτ'' = advocate, attorney, etc.
| | Premise: What if a syllable-timed tonal language |
| | | * syncoped and became an Old Irish-esque liturgical language |
| ''askolå, asτråτeghyå, ukhlusin''
| | * it develops a Tiberian Hebrew-like reading tradition which changes the original phonology a lot |
| | | * and gets revived from a secondary reading derived from that |
| borrow ''Mabinogion'' as ''Mabhnoghin''?
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| borrow -ium/-ion as -in: opsarion > uπsărin 'culinary fish', -in is also a diminutive which is used a lot
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| sP sT sq -> asP asT asq (skhole > askola)
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| change o to a? bodhi > badhi
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| == Phonology ==
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| Consonants: same as Aramaic but no pharyngeals and no ts and added emphatic p; emphatic stops written π τ (capital Ʈ) q.
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| v = bh
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| Coronal stops/spirants are dental.
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| Native words only use bgdkpt stops which lenite like in Aramaic; φ > h
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| Vowels: i e a å o u ă /i e æ A o u ä/
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| Ultimate stress
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| | Use for some sort of critique |
| == Morphology == | | == Morphology == |
| === Nouns === | | === Nouns === |
| Nouns have 3 genders (m, f, n), 2 numbers (sg, pl) and 3 cases (nom, gen, prep/dat). The dative is used for indirect objects, and sometimes for prepositional objects. When a preposition can use both the dative and the accusative, the dative denotes being at the location and the nominative denotes motion towards the location. | | Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and inflect for number (sg, du, pl) and case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms. The appropriate 3rd person possessed forms are used like construct state forms in possessive constructions. |
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| turn pl acc to pl nom (happened to Irish definite articles)
| | The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from". |
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| The pl gen of nouns declines as an -o/-ā adjective.
| | article nă + various mutations (also relativizer) |
| | ==== Possessive prefixes ==== |
| | ===== Type 1 possession ===== |
| | Type 1 possession is somewhat like inalienable possession. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''dependent'' form of the noun. |
| | * sèmpèlàrán > sệplă-N 'body' |
| | * hísèmpèlàrán > isplăr-N 'my body' |
| | * lusèmpèlàrán > lùsplăr-N 'thy body' |
| | * àsèmpèlàrán > àsplăr-N (animate) |
| | * ànsèmpèlàrán > àsplăr-N (inanimate) |
| | * láhisèmpèlàrán > lisplăr-N 'our body' |
| | * númasèmpèlàrán > nosplăr-N 'your body' |
| | * àlsèmpèlàrán > àlsplăr-N '3pl's body' |
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| The definite article is invariably ''hid'' (from PCel ''sindos'').
| | ===== Type 2 posssession ===== |
| ==== -o stems ==== | | Type 2 possession is the default possessive strategy. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''independent'' form of the noun. |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''maph'' (m.) 'boy' (< {{recon|makkʷos}})
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''maph''||''mappun''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''mappi''||''mappåkh''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''mappu''||''mappåbh'' (analogy with new pl. gen.)
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| | === Adjectives === |
| |+ ''dun'' (n.) 'fort' (< {{recon|dūnom}})
| | Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew) |
| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''dun''||''dunå''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''duni''||''dunåkh''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''dunu''||''dunåbh''
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| |}
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| ==== -yo stems ==== | | === Verbs === |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| | Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes |
| |+ ''ári'' 'lion' (random semantic shift from {{recon|aryos}} 'noble one')
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''ári''||''aryun''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''aryi''||''aryåkh''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''aryu''||''aryåbh''
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| |}
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| ==== -ā stems ====
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''breghå'' (f.) 'power, might' (< {{recon|brigā}})
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''breghå''||''brăghån''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''breghåh''||''brăghåkh''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''breghe''||''brăghåbh''
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| |}
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| ==== -i stems ====
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| Old m/f:
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''knåm'' (m.) 'bone' (< {{recon|knāmis}})
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''knåm''||''knåmin''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''knåmeh''||''knåmekh''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''knåmi''||''knåmebh''
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| |}
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| Old neuters:
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''mor'' (n.) 'sea' (< {{recon|mori}})
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''mor''||''moryå''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''măreh''||''mărekh''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''mări''||''mărebh''
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| |}
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| ==== -ī stems ====
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''bledhăni'' (f.) 'year' (< {{recon|blēdanī}})
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''bledhăni''||''bledhănin''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''bledhanyåh''||''bledhănekh''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''bledhanye''||''bledhănebh''
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| |}
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| ==== -u-stems ====
| | P{{PAGENAME}} rò.mátse, láh.ràmátse '3sg saves, 3sg does not save' --> ră:más, la:hrảmhăs |
| merge with o-stems at the cost of making gen sg more unpredictable (-i or -o)
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| m/f:
| | productive redup |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| | ==== Inflection ==== |
| |+ ''dăréseτ'' (m.) 'door' (< {{recon|dworestus}})
| | Present tense forms of ''să·kumʰa'' '3sg remembers': |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| |- | | |- |
| !| !! Singular !! Plural | | ! Person !! Primitive {{PAGENAME}} !! Underlying form !! {{PAGENAME}} surface form |
| |- | | |- |
| !|Nominative
| | | 1SG || ''so.kúmpa-sa-t(í), .sòkúmpa-sa-t(í)'' || ''să·kommpṡẻ, ·sủgmbẻ'' || ''să·kumʰẻ, ·sủmmẻ'' |
| |''dăréseτ''||''dărisτun'' | |
| |- | | |- |
| !|Genitive
| | | 2SG || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ŋ(u), ·sòkúmpa-sa-ŋ(u)'' || ''să·kommpṡəŋ, ·sủgmbəŋ'' || ''să·kumʰụ, ·sủmmụ'' |
| |''dărisτoh''||''dărisτåkh''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''dărisτu''||''dărisτåbh''
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| |} | |
| neuter:
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''eydh'' (n.) 'fire' (< {{recon|aidu}}) | |
| |- | | |- |
| !| !! Singular !! Plural
| | | 3SG || ''so·kúmpa-sáse, ·sòkúmpa-sáse'' || ''să·kommpṡa, ·sủgmba'' || ''să·kumʰa, ·sủmma'' |
| |- | | |- |
| !|Nominative
| | | 1PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-lehi, ·sòkúmpa-sa-lehi'' || ''să·kommpṡlə̣j, ·sủgmblə̣j'' || ''să·kumʰlị, ·sủmlị'' |
| |''eydh''||''eydhå'' | |
| |- | | |- |
| !|Genitive
| | | 2PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-numa, ·sòkúmpa-sa-numa'' || ''să·kommpṡnăm, ·sủgmbnăm'' || ''să·kumʰnăm, ·sủmnăm'' |
| |''eydhoh''||''eydhåkh'' | |
| |- | | |- |
| !|Dative
| | | 3PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ro, ·sòkúmpa-sa-ro'' || ''să·kommpṡər, ·sủgmbər'' || ''să·kumʰăr, ·sủmmăr'' |
| |''eydhu''||''eydhåbh'' | |
| |} | | |} |
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| ==== Consonant stems ====
| | [[Category:Angai]] |
| some rethematize to ā feminines
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''minå'' (f.) 'month' (< {{recon|mīns}})
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''minå''||''minån''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''minåh''||''minåkh''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''mine''||''minåbh''
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''kahăru'' (f.) 'sheep' (< {{recon|kaφerūxs}})
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| |-
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| !| !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''kahăru''||''kahăråkhån''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''kahăråkh''||''kahăråkhåkh''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''kahăråkh''||''kahăråkhåbh''
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| |}
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| === Adjectives ===
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| similar to nouns, but gen pl uses the original PCel ending
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| ==== -o/-ā stems ====
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''bån'' 'white' (< {{recon|bānos}})
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| |-
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| !| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''bån''||''bånå''||''bån''||''bånun''||''bånån''||''bånå''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''båni''||''bånåh''||''båni''||colspan=3|''bån''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''bånu''||''båne''||''bånu''||colspan=3|''bånåbh''
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| |}
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| ==== -yo/-yā stems ====
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''bódhi'' 'yellow' (< {{recon|bodyos}})
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| |-
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| !| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''bódhi''||''bodhyå''||''bódhi''||''bodhyun''||''bodhyån''||''bodhyå''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''bodhyi''||''bodhyåh''||''bodhyi''||colspan=3|''bódhi''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''bodhyu''||''bodhye''||''bodhyu''||colspan=3|''bodhyåbh''
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| |}
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| ==== -i/-ī stems ====
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''math'' 'good' (< {{recon|matis}})
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| |-
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| !| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |''math''||''măthi''||''math''||colspan=3|''măthin''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |''mătheh''||''mathyåh''||''mătheh''||colspan=3|''mathi''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |''măthi''||''mathye''||''măthi''||colspan=3|''măthebh''
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| |}
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| ==== -u stems ====
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ ''dobh'' 'black' (< {{recon|dubus}})
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| |-
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| !| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
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| |-
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| !|Nominative
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| |colspan=3|''dobh''||colspan=3|''dăbhun''
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| |-
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| !|Genitive
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| |colspan=3|''dăbhoh''||colspan=3|''dobh''
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| |-
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| !|Dative
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| |colspan=3|''dăbhu''||colspan=3|''dăbhåbh''
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| |}
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| === Verbs ===
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| similar to Irish tenses with no compound tenses
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| * present: mārām, mārāsi, mārāti, mārāmu, mārāte, mārānti, mārātor -> måri, måråh, mårå, mårån, måråth, mårant/måratt, måråthor -> måri mi, måråh tu, måre/måri, mårån nih, måråth ših, måratt eh, mårăthor
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| * preterite
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| * future
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| * imperfect
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| * conditional
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| * imperative
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| == Syntax ==
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| SVO; similar to Contiental Celtic, with some JBA features
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| [[Category:Celtic languages]][[Category:Indo-European languages]]
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