Ín Duári: Difference between revisions

(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 24:

Ín Duári is divided into several dialects or ''væhir'', with various degrees of mutually intelligibility. The Brægyn dialect has historically been the dominant dialect, however an unofficial lingua franca based on the Enoţin dialect has recently spread as its speaker base has been least affected by the diaspora resulting from Wolf Speaker expansion. The Viránt Gæţwin dialect, although considered today a minor dialect among native speakers, is found in most linguistic literature as it is the most conservative of all the surviving dialects and is found in most native literary works and prevails in oral tradition; it is considered as the prestige dialect for these reasons and is the dialect described in this article.

The Anzi dialect is currently experiencing an interesting split between older and younger speakers. The subdialects emerging from this split, the Old Speech and the Young Speech, show increasing morphological complexity and phonological mergers among the speakers of the latter subdialect. The Old Speech is more conservative and thus retains a degree of mutual intelligibility with the other dialects, ~~whil~~ the innovations in the Young Speech has rendered it unintelligible to the other dialects. For this reason, many linguists, particularly Drs. Iyyaħmi and Naħkuy of the University of Minhay at Aškuan, argue for classifying the Young Speech as a separate language.

The Anzi dialect is currently experiencing an interesting split between older and younger speakers. The subdialects emerging from this split, the Old Speech and the Young Speech, show increasing morphological complexity and phonological mergers among the speakers of the latter subdialect. The Old Speech is more conservative and thus retains a degree of mutual intelligibility with the other dialects, while the innovations in the Young Speech has rendered it unintelligible to the other dialects. For this reason, many linguists, particularly Drs. Iyyaħmi and Naħkuy of the University of Minhay at Aškuan, argue for classifying the Young Speech as a separate language.

It has been argued that the Young Speech is polysynthetic, particularly by Dr. R.M Adams of the University of Tennessee. Indeed, there are certain characteristics that the Young Speech displays considered essential in canonical polysynthetic languages:

Line 42:

{{Gloss

|phrase = Bélar veiţ geţir eli geðyn fæţ (Gæţwin Spelling) Bélar vi gæţyr lgædn fæţ (Reformed Spelling)

|phrase = Bélar veiţ geţir eli geðyn fæţ (Gæţwin Spelling) Bélar vi gæţyr lgædn fæţ (Reformed Spelling)

| IPA = 'bɛlar ~~ivgɛθrilɪ~~'gɛdniɦ

| IPA = 'bɛlar igɛθrilɪ'gɛdniɦ

| morphemes = belar iv-geţr-li-gedn-ih

| gloss = prisoner 1S.NOM-speak-PURP-help

Line 84:

The ''Uannar'', originally representing the pronunciation of the 1897 Gæţwin dialect faithfully, has now diverged from the language as it is now spoken, so silent letters have arisen. One such example is the definite article ''ðæl'', which is now pronounced /dɛ/ in most dialects, including Modern Colloquial Gæţwin, although purists emulate the 1897 pronunciation. This pronunciation is called the ''Viránt Gæţwin'' ("Elevated Gæţwin").

The grapheme <æ> is ~~freqently~~ pronounced /ɛ/ and written as <e> if it falls within a stressed syllable. <y> is pronounced /ʌ/, reflected in the ''Uannar'' when it was first developed, but in contemporary speech may be pronounced /ɪ/ or /ɛ/; this change resulted as a compromise between separate sound changes that occurred in two separate dialects. /ð/ generally changes to /d/ when preceded by a voiced nasal or liquid, or by a vowel followed by an obstruent or voiced nasal or liquid.

The grapheme <æ> is frequently pronounced /ɛ/ and written as <e> if it falls within a stressed syllable. <y> is pronounced /ʌ/, reflected in the ''Uannar'' when it was first developed, but in contemporary speech may be pronounced /ɪ/ or /ɛ/; this change resulted as a compromise between separate sound changes that occurred in two separate dialects. /ð/ generally changes to /d/ when preceded by a voiced nasal or liquid, or by a vowel followed by an obstruent or voiced nasal or liquid.

An example of the current orthographical representation and original pronunciation in the Viránt Gæţwin, and the current pronunciation in the Modern Colloquial Gæţwin, is represented in the following example:

Line 252:

Vowel length is distinctive in Ín Duári, and is indicated in the orthography by acute accents over the lengthened vowels. Additionally, the acute accent in ''ú'' and ''í'' also signify vowel quality. Since vowel length affects the stress; the acute accent also indicates the location of the primary stress of the word.

Vowel length is almost always associated with syllable stress. As a general rule, long vowels do not occur in CVCC clusters, although some exceptions arise, as in ''~~mínþir~~'' (exhaustion). If two or more long vowels occur in a word, the final long vowel is stressed.

Vowel length is almost always associated with syllable stress. As a general rule, long vowels do not occur in CVCC clusters, although some exceptions arise, as in ''mínţir'' (exhaustion). If two or more long vowels occur in a word, the final long vowel is stressed.

====Intonation====

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 Ín Duári is divided into several dialects or ''væhir'', with various degrees of mutually intelligibility.  The Brægyn dialect has historically been the dominant dialect, however an unofficial lingua franca based on the Enoţin dialect has recently spread as its speaker base has been least affected by the diaspora resulting from Wolf Speaker expansion.  The Viránt Gæţwin dialect, although considered today a minor dialect among native speakers, is found in most linguistic literature as it is the most conservative of all the surviving dialects and is found in most native literary works and prevails in oral tradition; it is considered as the prestige dialect for these reasons and is the dialect described in this article.
-The Anzi dialect is currently experiencing an interesting split between older and younger speakers.  The subdialects emerging from this split, the Old Speech and the Young Speech, show increasing morphological complexity and phonological mergers among the speakers of the latter subdialect.  The Old Speech is more conservative and thus retains a degree of mutual intelligibility with the other dialects, whil the innovations in the Young Speech has rendered it unintelligible to the other dialects.  For this reason, many linguists, particularly Drs. Iyyaħmi and Naħkuy of the University of Minhay at Aškuan, argue for classifying the Young Speech as a separate language.
+The Anzi dialect is currently experiencing an interesting split between older and younger speakers.  The subdialects emerging from this split, the Old Speech and the Young Speech, show increasing morphological complexity and phonological mergers among the speakers of the latter subdialect.  The Old Speech is more conservative and thus retains a degree of mutual intelligibility with the other dialects, while the innovations in the Young Speech has rendered it unintelligible to the other dialects.  For this reason, many linguists, particularly Drs. Iyyaħmi and Naħkuy of the University of Minhay at Aškuan, argue for classifying the Young Speech as a separate language.
 It has been argued that the Young Speech is polysynthetic, particularly by Dr. R.M Adams of the University of Tennessee.  Indeed, there are certain characteristics that the Young Speech displays considered essential in canonical polysynthetic languages:
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 {{Gloss
-|phrase = Bélar veiţ geţir eli geðyn fæţ (Gæţwin Spelling) <br/> Bélar vi gæţyr lgædn fæţ (Reformed Spelling)
+|phrase = Bélar veiţ geţir eli geðyn fæţ <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Gæţwin Spelling)</span> <br/> Bélar vi gæţyr lgædn fæţ <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Reformed Spelling)</span>
-| IPA = 'bɛlar ivgɛθrilɪ'gɛdniɦ
+| IPA = 'bɛlar igɛθrilɪ'gɛdniɦ
 | morphemes = belar iv-geţr-li-gedn-ih
 | gloss = prisoner 1S.NOM-speak-PURP-help
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 The ''Uannar'', originally representing the pronunciation of the 1897 Gæţwin dialect faithfully, has now diverged from the language as it is now spoken, so silent letters have arisen. One such example is the definite article ''ðæl'', which is now pronounced /dɛ/ in most dialects, including Modern Colloquial Gæţwin, although purists emulate the 1897 pronunciation.  This pronunciation is called the ''Viránt Gæţwin'' ("Elevated Gæţwin").
-The grapheme <æ> is freqently pronounced /ɛ/ and written as <e> if it falls within a stressed syllable. <y> is pronounced /ʌ/, reflected in the ''Uannar'' when it was first developed, but in contemporary speech may be pronounced /ɪ/ or /ɛ/; this change resulted as a compromise between separate sound changes that occurred in two separate dialects. /ð/ generally changes to /d/ when preceded by a voiced nasal or liquid, or by a vowel followed by an obstruent or voiced nasal or liquid.
+The grapheme <æ> is frequently pronounced /ɛ/ and written as <e> if it falls within a stressed syllable. <y> is pronounced /ʌ/, reflected in the ''Uannar'' when it was first developed, but in contemporary speech may be pronounced /ɪ/ or /ɛ/; this change resulted as a compromise between separate sound changes that occurred in two separate dialects. /ð/ generally changes to /d/ when preceded by a voiced nasal or liquid, or by a vowel followed by an obstruent or voiced nasal or liquid.
 An example of the current orthographical representation and original pronunciation in the Viránt Gæţwin, and the current pronunciation in the Modern Colloquial Gæţwin, is represented in the following example:
@@ Line 252: / Line 252: @@
 Vowel length is distinctive in Ín Duári, and is indicated in the orthography by acute accents over the lengthened vowels.  Additionally, the acute accent in ''ú'' and ''í'' also signify vowel quality.  Since vowel length affects the stress; the acute accent also indicates the location of the primary stress of the word.
-Vowel length is almost always associated with syllable stress.  As a general rule, long vowels do not occur in CVCC clusters, although some exceptions arise, as in ''mínþir'' (exhaustion).  If two or more long vowels occur in a word, the final long vowel is stressed.
+Vowel length is almost always associated with syllable stress.  As a general rule, long vowels do not occur in CVCC clusters, although some exceptions arise, as in ''mínţir'' (exhaustion).  If two or more long vowels occur in a word, the final long vowel is stressed.
 ====Intonation====