Zanahi/Swadesh list: Difference between revisions
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! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !! [[Zanahi]] | ! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !! [[Zanahi]] !! [[Proto-Zanahic]] !! Etymology of Zanahi form (if not directly from the Proto-Zanahic) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || ’ammā | | 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || ’ammā || *ʔéṣ || ''*ʔán-'' "that (over there)" + lengthened variant of ''*mé'' "me" (perhaps the ablative ''*méṭ''). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || ’antā (''m.''); ’antī (''f.'') | | 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || ’antā (''m.''); ’antī (''f.'') || *túʔ || Masculine form from ''*ʔán-'' "that (over there)" + lengthened variant of ''*twé'' "thee" (perhaps the ablative ''*twéṭ''). The feminine was then formed by analogy with the third person pronoun (supported by the Semitic counterparts). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] || hattā (''m.''); hattī (''f.'') | | 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] || hattā (''m.''); hattī (''f.'') || *hóh; *tóh || From a combined pronoun ''*hohtóh'' in which both parts would have originally been declined. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || ’annā | | 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || ’annā || *wéyeh || ''*ʔán-'' "that (over there)" + ''*nōh'' "us (clitic)" or ''*noʔ'' "us two (clitic)". | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || ’antān (''m.''); ’antīn (''f.'') | | 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || ’antān (''m.''); ’antīn (''f.'') || *yū́h || From the singular by analogy. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] || hattān (''m.''); hattīn (''f.'') | | 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] || hattān (''m.''); hattīn (''f.'') || *hóy, *híʔah, *háʔ; *tóy, *tíʔah, *táʔ || See the third person singular. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] || sā (''m.''); sī (''f.'') | | 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] || sā (''m.''); sī (''f.'') || *sóh, *síʔ, *sóṭ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] || tā (''m.''); tī (''f.'') | | 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] || tā (''m.''); tī (''f.'') || *tóh, *tíʔ, *tóṭ; *hóh, *híʔ, *hóṭ; *ʔánoh, *ʔániʔ, *ʔánoṭ || *tóh | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] || | | 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] || sam || *séhmi || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] || | | 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] || tam || *téhmi; *héhmi || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || kī | | 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || kī || *kóh, *kíʔ || From the feminine (since the masculine would give an identical form to the neuter). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || kā | | 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || kā || *kóh, *kíʔ, *kóṭ || From the neuter. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] || | | 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] || kam || *kéhmi || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || | | 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || kaṭā || *kóṭe || Zanahi: From an extended form, perhaps with an instrumental suffix (''*-ʔ'') or ablative suffix (''*-ṭ''). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] || | | 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] || kayf || *kéy || Zanahi: From ''*kéypo'', a compound of ''*kéy'' "how, by what" + postpositional ''*po'' "from, due to" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || lā; mā | | 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || lā; mā || *nē̆, *meʔ || ''lā'': a modification of earlier ''*nā'' due to Semitic influence. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || | | 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || ḥalw || *holwóh, -áʔ, -óm || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || | | 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || palō || *pélʔuh (oblique stem: *pl̥ʔéw-) || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] || | | 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] || kiyān || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] || | | 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] || pawr || *páʔuroh (oblique stem: *pəwr-) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || | | 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || ’antar || *ʔályoh; *ánteroh (''of two'') || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || ‘ayn | | 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || ‘ayn, ‘aynā || *ʔóynoh | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || ṭuwā | | 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || ṭuwā || *ṭwóʔ, *ṭwáʔʔe, *ṭwóʔ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || | | 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || tirayā, tirē || *tréyeh, *triʔ (oblique stem: *tri-) || From the nominative stem, with an anological ''-ā'' and Semitic-influenced reverse polarity. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || kaṯurā | | 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || kaṯurā, kaṯur || *ketwóreh, *ketwṓr (oblique stem: *ketur-) || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || pankā | | 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || pankā, pank || *pénke || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || | | 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || maṣā || *méṣəh (oblique stem: *m̥ṣʔ-) || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || | | 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || ṭalg || *ṭl̥ʔgóh || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] || | | 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] || piltō || *plétuh (oblique stem: *pl̥téw-) || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] || | | 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] || binzō || *bénzuh (oblique stem: *bn̥zéw-) || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] || | | 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] || qarō || *ḳráʔus (oblique stem: *ḳr̥ʔéw-) || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] || | | 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] || šuṭr || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] || | | 33 || [[wiktionary:short|short]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] || | | 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] || ’anzō || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] || | | 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] || tanō || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || | | 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || qān || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || | | 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || wīr || *wíʔroh | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || | | 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || mirt || *mr̥tóh || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] || | | 39 || [[wiktionary:child|child]] || ṣant | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] || | | 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] || ba‘lā; ḅaṭayā; zawǧā; qān | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] || | | 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] || ba‘l; ḅaṭē; zawǧ; wīr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || | | 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || māṯar; ammā | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || | | 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || pāṯar; att | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] || | | 44 || [[wiktionary:animal|animal]] || pas | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || | | 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || zūḵ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] || | | 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] || ’awīḵ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || sun | | 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || sun; kalb | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] || | | 48 || [[wiktionary:louse|louse]] || | ||
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| 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] || | | 49 || [[wiktionary:snake|snake]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || | | 50 || [[wiktionary:worm|worm]] || kirm | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || | | 51 || [[wiktionary:tree|tree]] || ṭarō | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] || | | 52 || [[wiktionary:forest|forest]] || | ||
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| 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] || | | 53 || [[wiktionary:stick|stick]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] || | | 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] || karp | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] || | | 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] || hāmin | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] || | | 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] || ḅarn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] || | | 57 || [[wiktionary:root|root]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] || | | 58 || [[wiktionary:bark|bark]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] || | | 59 || [[wiktionary:flower|flower]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] || | | 60 || [[wiktionary:grass|grass]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] || | | 61 || [[wiktionary:rope|rope]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] || | | 62 || [[wiktionary:skin|skin]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || | | 63 || [[wiktionary:meat|meat]] || mam | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] || | | 64 || [[wiktionary:blood|blood]] || dam | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] || | | 65 || [[wiktionary:bone|bone]] || ‘aṭm | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] || | | 66 || [[wiktionary:fat#Noun|fat (noun)]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] || | | 67 || [[wiktionary:egg|egg]] || ‘ayy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] || | | 68 || [[wiktionary:horn|horn]] || qarn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] || | | 69 || [[wiktionary:tail|tail]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] || | | 70 || [[wiktionary:feather|feather]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] || | | 71 || [[wiktionary:hair|hair]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] || | | 72 || [[wiktionary:head|head]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] || | | 73 || [[wiktionary:ear|ear]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] || | | 74 || [[wiktionary:eye|eye]] || ‘aq | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] || | | 75 || [[wiktionary:nose|nose]] || ‘awš | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] || | | 76 || [[wiktionary:mouth|mouth]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || | | 77 || [[wiktionary:tooth|tooth]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] || | | 78 || [[wiktionary:tongue|tongue]] ||ṭaṣwā | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] || | | 79 || [[wiktionary:fingernail|fingernail]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] || | | 80 || [[wiktionary:foot|foot]] || paṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] || | | 81 || [[wiktionary:leg|leg]] || sāq | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] || | | 82 || [[wiktionary:knee|knee]] || ṣanō | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] || | | 83 || [[wiktionary:hand|hand]] || ṭawš; bāzō | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] || | | 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] || paṯr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] || | | 85 || [[wiktionary:belly|belly]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] || | | 86 || [[wiktionary:guts|guts]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] || | | 87 || [[wiktionary:neck|neck]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] || | | 88 || [[wiktionary:back|back]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] || | | 89 || [[wiktionary:breast|breast]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] || | | 90 || [[wiktionary:heart|heart]] || sirṭ; libb | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] || | | 91 || [[wiktionary:liver|liver]] || yaḵar | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] || | | 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] || paḅ-, -piḅ- (root: p-ḅ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] || | | 93 || [[wiktionary:eat|to eat]] || ’aṭ-, -’aṭ- (root: ’-ṭ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] || | | 94 || [[wiktionary:bite|to bite]] || ṭanas-, -ṭnis- (root: ṭ-n-s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] || | | 95 || [[wiktionary:suck|to suck]] || day-, -dē- (root: d-y) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] || | | 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] || rōq-, -rūq- (roor: r-w-q) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] || | | 97 || [[wiktionary:vomit|to vomit]] || wam-, -wm- (root: w-m) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] || | | 98 || [[wiktionary:blow|to blow]] || wā-, -wā- (root: w-A); nafaḫ-, -nfuḫ- (root: n-f-ḫ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] || | | 99 || [[wiktionary:breathe|to breathe]] || ’an-, -’an- (root: ’-n) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] || | | 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] || may-, -mī- (root: m-y) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] || | | 101 || [[wiktionary:see|to see]] || ṭaras-, -ṭris- (root: ṭ-r-s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] || | | 102 || [[wiktionary:hear|to hear]] || salaw-, -slō- (root: s-l-w) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] || | | 103 || [[wiktionary:know|to know]] || wēṭ-, -wīṭ- (root: w-y-ṭ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] || | | 104 || [[wiktionary:think|to think]] || man-, -min- (root: m-n) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] || | | 105 || [[wiktionary:smell|to smell]] || garā-, -grā- (root: g-r-A) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] || | | 106 || [[wiktionary:fear|to fear]] || bay-, -bī- (root: b-y) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] || | | 107 || [[wiktionary:sleep|to sleep]] || hōf-, -hūf- (root: h-w-f) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] || | | 108 || [[wiktionary:live|to live]] || qay-, -qī- (root: q-y) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] || | | 109 || [[wiktionary:die|to die]] || mar-, -mir- (root: m-r) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] || | | 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] || nasay-, -nsē- (root: n-s-y); qatal-, -qtul- (root: q-t-l) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] || | | 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] || ganāgan-, -ganāgin-; qātal-, -qātil- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] || | | 112 || [[wiktionary:hunt|to hunt]] || way-, -wē- (root: w-y) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] || | | 113 || [[wiktionary:hit|to hit]] || gan-, -gin- (root: g-n) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] || | | 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] || kēṭ-, -kīṭ- (root: k-y-ṭ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] || | | 115 || [[wiktionary:split|to split]] || bēṭ-, -bīṭ- (root: b-y-ṭ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]] | | 116 || [[wiktionary:stab|to stab]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] || | | 117 || [[wiktionary:scratch|to scratch]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] || | | 118 || [[wiktionary:dig|to dig]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] || | | 119 || [[wiktionary:swim|to swim]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] || | | 120 || [[wiktionary:fly|to fly]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] || | | 121 || [[wiktionary:walk|to walk]] || qam-, -qum- (root: q-m) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] || | | 122 || [[wiktionary:come|to come]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] || | | 123 || [[wiktionary:lie|to lie]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] || | | 124 || [[wiktionary:sit|to sit]] || haṭ-, -hiṭ- (root: h-ṭ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] || | | 125 || [[wiktionary:stand|to stand]] || tā-, -tā- (root: t-A) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] || | | 126 || [[wiktionary:turn|to turn]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] || | | 127 || [[wiktionary:fall|to fall]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] || | | 128 || [[wiktionary:give|to give]] || ṭā-, -ṭā- (stem: ṭ-A) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] || | | 129 || [[wiktionary:hold|to hold]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] || | | 130 || [[wiktionary:squeeze|to squeeze]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] || | | 131 || [[wiktionary:rub|to rub]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] || | | 132 || [[wiktionary:wash|to wash]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] || | | 133 || [[wiktionary:wipe|to wipe]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] || | | 134 || [[wiktionary:pull|to pull]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] || | | 135 || [[wiktionary:push|to push]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] || | | 136 || [[wiktionary:throw|to throw]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] || | | 137 || [[wiktionary:tie|to tie]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] || | | 138 || [[wiktionary:sew|to sew]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] || | | 139 || [[wiktionary:count|to count]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] || | | 140 || [[wiktionary:say|to say]] || waḵ-, -wḵ- (root: w-ḵ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] || | | 141 || [[wiktionary:sing|to sing]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] || | | 142 || [[wiktionary:play|to play]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] || | | 143 || [[wiktionary:float|to float]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] || | | 144 || [[wiktionary:flow|to flow]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] || | | 145 || [[wiktionary:freeze|to freeze]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]] | | 146 || [[wiktionary:swell|to swell]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] || | | 147 || [[wiktionary:sun|sun]] || ḥāwil | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] || | | 148 || [[wiktionary:moon|moon]] || mān | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] || | | 149 || [[wiktionary:star|star]] || tār | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] || | | 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] || wār | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]] | | 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]] || warš | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] || | | 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] || naṭīḵ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] || | | 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] || waṭr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] || | | 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] || ‘āḅ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] || | | 155 || [[wiktionary:salt|salt]] || hāl | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] || | | 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] || ’asman | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] || | | 157 || [[wiktionary:sand|sand]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] || | | 158 || [[wiktionary:dust|dust]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] || | | 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] || zam | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] || | | 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] || navah; ’inbar | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] || | | 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] || mayḡ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] || | | 162 || [[wiktionary:sky|sky]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] || | | 163 || [[wiktionary:wind|wind]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] || | | 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] || nayḡ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] || | | 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] || nayḡ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] || | | 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] || dūm | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] || | | 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] || pāwir | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]] | | 168 || [[wiktionary:ash|ash]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] || | | 169 || [[wiktionary:burn|burn]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] || | | 170 || [[wiktionary:road|road]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] || | | 171 || [[wiktionary:mountain|mountain]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] || | | 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] || rawḏ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]] | | 173 || [[wiktionary:green|green]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] || | | 174 || [[wiktionary:yellow|yellow]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] || | | 175 || [[wiktionary:white|white]] || ’alb | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] || | | 176 || [[wiktionary:black|black]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] || | | 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] || naḵṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] || | | 178 || [[wiktionary:day|day]] || ṭayn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]] | | 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]] || yār | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] || | | 180 || [[wiktionary:warm|warm]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] || | | 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] || zim | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] || | | 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] || pall | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] || | | 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] || nō | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] || | | 184 || [[wiktionary:old|old]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || | | 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || ḥant | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] || | | 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] || ṭušk | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] || | | 187 || [[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] || | | 188 || [[wiktionary:dirty|dirty]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] || | | 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] || raṣṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] || | | 190 || [[wiktionary:round|round]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] || | | 191 || [[wiktionary:sharp|sharp]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] || | | 192 || [[wiktionary:dull|dull]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] || | | 193 || [[wiktionary:smooth|smooth]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] || | | 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] || waq | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] || | | 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] || ḥawš | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] || | | 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] || ’irṣō | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] || | | 197 || [[wiktionary:near|near]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] || | | 198 || [[wiktionary:far|far]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] || | | 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] || ṭaššin; yamīn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] || | | 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] || hayy; šimāl | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] || | | 201 || [[wiktionary:at|at]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] || | | 202 || [[wiktionary:in|in]] || ’an | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] || | | 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] || maḏ; sa- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] || | | 204 || [[wiktionary:and|and]] || wa- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] || | | 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] || yaṯ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] || | | 206 || [[wiktionary:because|because]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] || | | 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] || namn | ||
|} | |} |
Latest revision as of 17:50, 20 February 2024
No. | English | Zanahi | Proto-Zanahic | Etymology of Zanahi form (if not directly from the Proto-Zanahic) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | I | ’ammā | *ʔéṣ | *ʔán- "that (over there)" + lengthened variant of *mé "me" (perhaps the ablative *méṭ). |
2 | you (singular) | ’antā (m.); ’antī (f.) | *túʔ | Masculine form from *ʔán- "that (over there)" + lengthened variant of *twé "thee" (perhaps the ablative *twéṭ). The feminine was then formed by analogy with the third person pronoun (supported by the Semitic counterparts). |
3 | he | hattā (m.); hattī (f.) | *hóh; *tóh | From a combined pronoun *hohtóh in which both parts would have originally been declined. |
4 | we | ’annā | *wéyeh | *ʔán- "that (over there)" + *nōh "us (clitic)" or *noʔ "us two (clitic)". |
5 | you (plural) | ’antān (m.); ’antīn (f.) | *yū́h | From the singular by analogy. |
6 | they | hattān (m.); hattīn (f.) | *hóy, *híʔah, *háʔ; *tóy, *tíʔah, *táʔ | See the third person singular. |
7 | this | sā (m.); sī (f.) | *sóh, *síʔ, *sóṭ | |
8 | that | tā (m.); tī (f.) | *tóh, *tíʔ, *tóṭ; *hóh, *híʔ, *hóṭ; *ʔánoh, *ʔániʔ, *ʔánoṭ | *tóh |
9 | here | sam | *séhmi | |
10 | there | tam | *téhmi; *héhmi | |
11 | who | kī | *kóh, *kíʔ | From the feminine (since the masculine would give an identical form to the neuter). |
12 | what | kā | *kóh, *kíʔ, *kóṭ | From the neuter. |
13 | where | kam | *kéhmi | |
14 | when | kaṭā | *kóṭe | Zanahi: From an extended form, perhaps with an instrumental suffix (*-ʔ) or ablative suffix (*-ṭ). |
15 | how | kayf | *kéy | Zanahi: From *kéypo, a compound of *kéy "how, by what" + postpositional *po "from, due to" |
16 | not | lā; mā | *nē̆, *meʔ | lā: a modification of earlier *nā due to Semitic influence. |
17 | all | ḥalw | *holwóh, -áʔ, -óm | |
18 | many | palō | *pélʔuh (oblique stem: *pl̥ʔéw-) | |
19 | some | kiyān | ||
20 | few | pawr | *páʔuroh (oblique stem: *pəwr-) | |
21 | other | ’antar | *ʔályoh; *ánteroh (of two) | |
22 | one | ‘ayn, ‘aynā | *ʔóynoh | |
23 | two | ṭuwā | *ṭwóʔ, *ṭwáʔʔe, *ṭwóʔ | |
24 | three | tirayā, tirē | *tréyeh, *triʔ (oblique stem: *tri-) | From the nominative stem, with an anological -ā and Semitic-influenced reverse polarity. |
25 | four | kaṯurā, kaṯur | *ketwóreh, *ketwṓr (oblique stem: *ketur-) | |
26 | five | pankā, pank | *pénke | |
27 | big | maṣā | *méṣəh (oblique stem: *m̥ṣʔ-) | |
28 | long | ṭalg | *ṭl̥ʔgóh | |
29 | wide | piltō | *plétuh (oblique stem: *pl̥téw-) | |
30 | thick | binzō | *bénzuh (oblique stem: *bn̥zéw-) | |
31 | heavy | qarō | *ḳráʔus (oblique stem: *ḳr̥ʔéw-) | |
32 | small | šuṭr | ||
33 | short | |||
34 | narrow | ’anzō | ||
35 | thin | tanō | ||
36 | woman | qān | ||
37 | man (adult male) | wīr | *wíʔroh | |
38 | man (human being) | mirt | *mr̥tóh | |
39 | child | ṣant | ||
40 | wife | ba‘lā; ḅaṭayā; zawǧā; qān | ||
41 | husband | ba‘l; ḅaṭē; zawǧ; wīr | ||
42 | mother | māṯar; ammā | ||
43 | father | pāṯar; att | ||
44 | animal | pas | ||
45 | fish | zūḵ | ||
46 | bird | ’awīḵ | ||
47 | dog | sun; kalb | ||
48 | louse | |||
49 | snake | |||
50 | worm | kirm | ||
51 | tree | ṭarō | ||
52 | forest | |||
53 | stick | |||
54 | fruit | karp | ||
55 | seed | hāmin | ||
56 | leaf | ḅarn | ||
57 | root | |||
58 | bark | |||
59 | flower | |||
60 | grass | |||
61 | rope | |||
62 | skin | |||
63 | meat | mam | ||
64 | blood | dam | ||
65 | bone | ‘aṭm | ||
66 | fat (noun) | |||
67 | egg | ‘ayy | ||
68 | horn | qarn | ||
69 | tail | |||
70 | feather | |||
71 | hair | |||
72 | head | |||
73 | ear | |||
74 | eye | ‘aq | ||
75 | nose | ‘awš | ||
76 | mouth | |||
77 | tooth | |||
78 | tongue | ṭaṣwā | ||
79 | fingernail | |||
80 | foot | paṭ | ||
81 | leg | sāq | ||
82 | knee | ṣanō | ||
83 | hand | ṭawš; bāzō | ||
84 | wing | paṯr | ||
85 | belly | |||
86 | guts | |||
87 | neck | |||
88 | back | |||
89 | breast | |||
90 | heart | sirṭ; libb | ||
91 | liver | yaḵar | ||
92 | to drink | paḅ-, -piḅ- (root: p-ḅ) | ||
93 | to eat | ’aṭ-, -’aṭ- (root: ’-ṭ) | ||
94 | to bite | ṭanas-, -ṭnis- (root: ṭ-n-s) | ||
95 | to suck | day-, -dē- (root: d-y) | ||
96 | to spit | rōq-, -rūq- (roor: r-w-q) | ||
97 | to vomit | wam-, -wm- (root: w-m) | ||
98 | to blow | wā-, -wā- (root: w-A); nafaḫ-, -nfuḫ- (root: n-f-ḫ) | ||
99 | to breathe | ’an-, -’an- (root: ’-n) | ||
100 | to laugh | may-, -mī- (root: m-y) | ||
101 | to see | ṭaras-, -ṭris- (root: ṭ-r-s) | ||
102 | to hear | salaw-, -slō- (root: s-l-w) | ||
103 | to know | wēṭ-, -wīṭ- (root: w-y-ṭ) | ||
104 | to think | man-, -min- (root: m-n) | ||
105 | to smell | garā-, -grā- (root: g-r-A) | ||
106 | to fear | bay-, -bī- (root: b-y) | ||
107 | to sleep | hōf-, -hūf- (root: h-w-f) | ||
108 | to live | qay-, -qī- (root: q-y) | ||
109 | to die | mar-, -mir- (root: m-r) | ||
110 | to kill | nasay-, -nsē- (root: n-s-y); qatal-, -qtul- (root: q-t-l) | ||
111 | to fight | ganāgan-, -ganāgin-; qātal-, -qātil- | ||
112 | to hunt | way-, -wē- (root: w-y) | ||
113 | to hit | gan-, -gin- (root: g-n) | ||
114 | to cut | kēṭ-, -kīṭ- (root: k-y-ṭ) | ||
115 | to split | bēṭ-, -bīṭ- (root: b-y-ṭ) | ||
116 | to stab | |||
117 | to scratch | |||
118 | to dig | |||
119 | to swim | |||
120 | to fly | |||
121 | to walk | qam-, -qum- (root: q-m) | ||
122 | to come | |||
123 | to lie | |||
124 | to sit | haṭ-, -hiṭ- (root: h-ṭ) | ||
125 | to stand | tā-, -tā- (root: t-A) | ||
126 | to turn | |||
127 | to fall | |||
128 | to give | ṭā-, -ṭā- (stem: ṭ-A) | ||
129 | to hold | |||
130 | to squeeze | |||
131 | to rub | |||
132 | to wash | |||
133 | to wipe | |||
134 | to pull | |||
135 | to push | |||
136 | to throw | |||
137 | to tie | |||
138 | to sew | |||
139 | to count | |||
140 | to say | waḵ-, -wḵ- (root: w-ḵ) | ||
141 | to sing | |||
142 | to play | |||
143 | to float | |||
144 | to flow | |||
145 | to freeze | |||
146 | to swell | |||
147 | sun | ḥāwil | ||
148 | moon | mān | ||
149 | star | tār | ||
150 | water | wār | ||
151 | rain | warš | ||
152 | river | naṭīḵ | ||
153 | lake | waṭr | ||
154 | sea | ‘āḅ | ||
155 | salt | hāl | ||
156 | stone | ’asman | ||
157 | sand | |||
158 | dust | |||
159 | earth | zam | ||
160 | cloud | navah; ’inbar | ||
161 | fog | mayḡ | ||
162 | sky | |||
163 | wind | |||
164 | snow | nayḡ | ||
165 | ice | nayḡ | ||
166 | smoke | dūm | ||
167 | fire | pāwir | ||
168 | ash | |||
169 | burn | |||
170 | road | |||
171 | mountain | |||
172 | red | rawḏ | ||
173 | green | |||
174 | yellow | |||
175 | white | ’alb | ||
176 | black | |||
177 | night | naḵṭ | ||
178 | day | ṭayn | ||
179 | year | yār | ||
180 | warm | |||
181 | cold | zim | ||
182 | full | pall | ||
183 | new | nō | ||
184 | old | |||
185 | good | ḥant | ||
186 | bad | ṭušk | ||
187 | rotten | |||
188 | dirty | |||
189 | straight | raṣṭ | ||
190 | round | |||
191 | sharp | |||
192 | dull | |||
193 | smooth | |||
194 | wet | waq | ||
195 | dry | ḥawš | ||
196 | correct | ’irṣō | ||
197 | near | |||
198 | far | |||
199 | right | ṭaššin; yamīn | ||
200 | left | hayy; šimāl | ||
201 | at | |||
202 | in | ’an | ||
203 | with | maḏ; sa- | ||
204 | and | wa- | ||
205 | if | yaṯ | ||
206 | because | |||
207 | name | namn |