Cathardic

Cathardic (native: kathárdikhu /kaˈθaɾdixu/) is an African Romance language.

Cathardic
sa lingwa sa kathárdikha
Pronunciation	[sa ˈliŋgwa sa kaˈθaɾdixa]
Created by	Shariifka
Language family	Indo-European Romance Southern Romance African Romance Cathardic

Introduction

Kathárdikhu comes from a hypothetical Latin *Carthaginicus from Carthagō "Carthage" + -icus "-ic".

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns are pluralized by adding -s. If the noun ends in a consonant, an epenthetic -e- is inserted before the plural ending.

If the singular ends in a high vowel (-u or -i), it is changed to its mid counterpart (-o- or -e- respectively) before adding the plural ending.

Adjectives

Adjectives agree with the nouns they govern in gender, number, and definiteness.

Adjectives are pluralized in the same way as nouns.

Articles

Nouns and adjectives take the definite article: su (m. sg.), sa (f. sg.), sos (m. pl.), sas (f. pl.)

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

Cathardic first person pronouns

	Singular		Plural
	Full	Clitic	Full	Clitic
Subject	meu	e	nos
Direct object	mi	me	nos
Indirect object	mi	mi	nos
Possessive	meyu, -a	me	nostru, -a	nos

Cathardic second person pronouns

	Singular		Plural
	Full	Clitic	Full	Clitic
Subject	teu	tu	gos
Direct object	ti	te	gos
Indirect object	ti	ti	gos
Possessive	tu, tua	te	gostru, -a	gos

Cathardic third person masculine pronouns

	Singular		Plural
	Full	Clitic	Full	Clitic
Subject	isu	su	isos	sos
Direct object	isu	su	isos	sos
Indirect object	sui	si	isos	sos
Possessive	su, sua	su	isoru, -a	sor

Cathardic third person feminine pronouns

	Singular		Plural
	Full	Clitic	Full	Clitic
Subject	isa	sa	isas	sas
Direct object	isa	sa	isas	sas
Indirect object	sei	si	isas	sas
Possessive	su, sua	su	isaru, -a	sar

Cathardic third person reflexive pronouns

	Full	Clitic
Subject	—
Direct object	si	se
Indirect object	si	si
Possessive	su, sua	se

Numbers

	Cardinal	Ordinal
0	nulu	nulísimu
1	u, ua	filmu, -a
2	duos, duas	sekhunu, -a
3	thres	thelchu, -a
4	kwator	kwaltu, -a
5	kingwe	kwindu, -a
6	ses	sestu, -a
7	sete	sétimu, -a
8	oto	otabu, -a
9	nobe	nobeyu, -a
10	dekhe	dékhimu, -a
11	únekhi	unékhimu, -a
12	dódekhi	dodékhimu, -a
13	thrédekhi	thredékhimu, -a
14	kwatórdekhi	kwatordékhimu, -a
15	kwínekhi	kwinékhimu, -a
16	sédekhi	sedékhimu, -a
17	dekhesete	dekhesétimu, -a
18	dekhoto	dekhotabu, -a
19	dekhenobe	dekhenobeyu, -a
20	gwindi	gwísimu, -a
21	u eth gwindi	u eth gwísimu, -a
30	thrinda	thrísimu, -a
40	kwaranda	kwarásimu, -a
50	kingwanda	kingwásimu, -a
60	sesanda	sesásimu, -a
70	setanda	setásimu, -a
80	otanda	otásimu, -a
90	nobanda	nobásimu, -a
100	kendu	kendísimu, -a
101	kendu u	kendu filmu, -a
200	dukhendos	dukhendísimu, -a
300	threkhendos	threkhendísimu, -a
400	kwatorkendos	kwatorkendísimu, -a
500	kwingendos	kwingendísimu, -a
600	seskendos	seskendísimu, -a
700	setekhendos	setekhendísimu, -a
800	otokhendos	otokhendísimu, -a
900	nobekhendos	nobekhendísimu, -a
1000	mile	milísimu, -a
2000	dumiles	dumilísimu, -a

Verbs

Tenses and Non-finite forms

• Non-finite forms
  • Infinitive
  • Gerund
  • Participle
• Indicative
  • Present
  • Imperfect
  • Preterite
    • Archaic; normally replaced with the perfect
  • Perfect
    • Present of aire "to have" + participle
  • Pluperfect
    • Imperfect of aire "to have" + participle
  • Future
    • Present of goire "to intend" + infinitive
  • Future perfect
    • Present of goire + aire + participle
  • Conditional
    • Imperfect of goire + infinitive
• Subjunctive
  • Present
  • Imperfect
  • Preterite
    • Archaic; usually replaced with the perfect
  • Perfect
    • Present subjunctive of aire + participle
  • Pluperfect
    • Imperfect subjunctive of aire + participle
  • Future
    • Present subjunctive of goire "to intend" + infinitive
  • Future perfect
    • Present subjunctive of goire + aire + participle
• Imperative

-are verbs

Infinitive				-are
Gerund				-ande
Participle				-athu, -atha
	Indicative			Subjunctive			Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite¹	Present	Imperfect	Preterite
1S	-o	-aba	-ái	-e	-are	-ase	-e
2S	-as	-abas	-aisti	-es	-ares	-ases	-a
3S	-ath	-abath	-áith	-eth	-areth	-aseth	-eth
1P	-amus	-abamus	-aimus	-emus	-aremus	-asemus	-emus
2P	-akhis	-abakhis	-aistis	-ekhis	-arekhis	-asekhis	-athe
3P	-and	-aband	-arund	-end	-arend	-asend	-end

Notes:

¹ Verbs with an irregular preterite indicative stem take the irregular -ere/-ire preterite indicative endings (i.e. -i, -isti, -ith, -imus, -istis, -erunt).

-ere verbs

Infinitive				-ere
Gerund				-ende
Participle				-uthu, -utha
	Indicative			Subjunctive			Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Present¹	Imperfect	Preterite
1S	-o¹	-eba	-í²	-a	-ere	-ise	-a¹
2S	-es	-ebas	-isti	-as	-eres	-ises	-e
3S	-eth	-ebath	-íth²	-ath	-ereth	-iseth	-ath¹
1P	-emus	-ebamus	-imus	-amus	-eremus	-isemus	-amus¹
2P	-ekhis	-ebakhis	-istis	-akhis	-erekhis	-isekhis	-ethe
3P	-end; -und¹	-eband	-erund	-and	-erend	-isend	-and¹

Notes:

¹ When the present indicative 1S has an irregular stem, its stem is used to form the present indicative 3S (which takes the ending -und instead of -end), the present subjunctive, and non-second-person imperatives.

² Verbs with irregular preterite stems have unstressed endings in the 1S and 3S.

-ire verbs

Infinitive				-ire
Gerund				-inde
Participle				-ithu, -itha
	Indicative			Subjunctive			Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Present¹	Imperfect	Preterite
1S	-o¹	-iba	-í²	-a	-ire	-ese	-a¹
2S	-is	-ibas	-isti	-as	-ires	-ises	-i
3S	-ith	-ibath	-íth²	-ath	-ireth	-iseth	-ath¹
1P	-imus	-ibamus	-imus	-amus	-iremus	-isemus	-amus¹
2P	-ikhis	-ibakhis	-istis	-akhis	-irekhis	-isekhis	-ithe
3P	-und¹	-iband	-erund	-and	-irend	-isend	-and¹

Notes:

¹ When the present indicative 1S has an irregular stem, its stem is used to form the present indicative 3S, the present subjunctive, and non-second-person imperatives.

² Verbs with irregular preterite stems have unstressed endings in the 1S and 3S.

Important irregular verbs

fire "to be"

Infinitive				fire
Gerund				finde
Participle				fithu, fitha
	Indicative			Subjunctive			Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Present	Imperfect	Preterite
1S	sun	fiba	fui	sia	fire	fise	fia
2S	es	fibas	fuisti	sias	fires	fises	fi
3S	est	fibath	fuith	siath	fireth	fiseth	fiath
1P	sumus	fibamus	fuimus	siamus	firemus	fisemus	fiamus
2P	sukhis	fibakhis	fuistis	siakhis	firekhis	fisekhis	fiathe
3P	sund	fiband	fuerund	siand	firend	fisend	fiant

aire "to have"

Infinitive				aire
Gerund				ainde
Participle				authu, -a
	Indicative			Subjunctive			Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Present	Imperfect	Preterite
1S	ajo	aiba	api	aja	aire	aise	aja
2S	as	aibas	apisti	ajas	aires	aises	a
3S	ath	aibath	apith	ajath	aireth	aiseth	ajath
1P	aimus	aibamus	apimus	ajamus	airemus	aisemus	ajamus
2P	aikhis	aibakhis	apistis	ajakhis	airekhis	aisekhis	aithe
3P	and	aiband	aperund	ajand	airend	aisend	ajand

goire "to intend"

Infinitive				goire
Gerund				goinde
Participle				gouthu, -a
	Indicative			Subjunctive			Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Present	Imperfect	Preterite
1S	gojo	goiba	gogwi	goja	goire	goise	goja
2S	gos	goibas	gogwisti	gojas	goires	goises	go
3S	goth	goibath	gogwith	gojath	goireth	goiseth	gojath
1P	goimus	goibamus	gogwimus	gojamus	goiremus	goisemus	gojamus
2P	goithis¹	goibakhis	gogwistis	gojakhis	goirekhis	goisekhis	goithe
3P	gond	goiband	gogwerund	gojand	goirend	goisend	gojand

Notes:

¹ The dissimilation of -kh- in 2P endings to -th- is regular when it is preceded by a velar with only a vowel or diphthong intervening.

dere "to have to"

Infinitive				dere
Gerund				dende
Participle				duthu, -a
	Indicative			Subjunctive			Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Present	Imperfect	Preterite
1S	dejo	deba	depi	deja	dere	dese	deja
2S	des	debas	depisti	dejas	deres	deses	de
3S	deth	debath	depith	dejath	dereth	deseth	dejath
1P	demus	debamus	depimus	dejamus	deremus	desemus	dejamus
2P	dekhis	debakhis	depistis	dejakhis	derekhis	desekhis	dethe
3P	dend	deband	deperund	dejand	derend	desend	dejand

stare "to stay"

Infinitive				stare
Gerund				stande
Participle				stathu, statha
	Indicative			Subjunctive			Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Present	Imperfect	Preterite
1S	sto	staba	stethi	stia	stare	stase	stia
2S	stas	stabas	stethisti	stias	stares	stases	sta
3S	stath	stabath	stethith	stiath	stareth	staseth	stiath
1P	stamus	stabamus	stethimus	stiamus	staremus	stasemus	stiamus
2P	stakhis	stabakhis	stethistis	stiakhis	starekhis	stasekhis	stathe
3P	stand	staband	stetherund	stiand	starend	stasend	stiand

dare "to give"

Infinitive				dare
Gerund				dande
Participle				dathu, datha
	Indicative			Subjunctive			Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Present	Imperfect	Preterite
1S	do	daba	dedi	dia	dare	dase	dia
2S	das	dabas	dedisti	dias	dares	dases	da
3S	dath	dabath	dedith	diath	dareth	daseth	diath
1P	damus	dabamus	dedimus	diamus	daremus	dasemus	diamus
2P	dakhis	dabakhis	dedistis	diakhis	darekhis	dasekhis	dathe
3P	dand	daband	dederund	diand	darend	dasend	diand

fakhere "to do, make"

Infinitive				fakhere
Gerund				fakhende
Participle				fatu, -a
	Indicative			Subjunctive			Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Present	Imperfect	Preterite
1S	facho	fakheba	fekhi	facha	fakhere	fekhise	facha
2S	fakhes	fakhebas	fekhisti	fachas	fakheres	fakhises	fakhe
3S	fakheth	fakhebath	fekhith	fachath	fakhereth	fakhiseth	fachath
1P	fakhemus	fakhebamus	fekhimus	fachamus	fakheremus	fakhisemus	fachamus
2P	fakhethis¹	fakhebakhis	fekhistis	fachakhis	fakherekhis	fakhisekhis	fakhethe
3P	fachund	fakheband	fekherund	fachand	fakherend	fakhisend	fachand

Notes:

¹ This dissimilation of -khis to -this is regular in all relevant 2P forms whenever the ending is immediately preceded by a velar consonant.

dikhere "to say"

Infinitive				dikhere
Gerund				dikhende
Participle				ditu, -a
	Indicative			Subjunctive			Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Present	Imperfect	Preterite
1S	dikho	dikheba	disi	dikha	dikhere	dikhise	dikha
2S	dikhes	dikhebas	disisti	dikhas	dikheres	dikhises	dikhe
3S	dikheth	dikhebath	disith	dikhath	dikhereth	dikhiseth	dikhath
1P	dikhemus	dikhebamus	disimus	dikhamus	dikheremus	dikhisemus	dikhamus
2P	dikhethis	dikhebakhis	disistis	dikhathis	dikherekhis	dikhisekhis	dikhethe
3P	dikhend	dikheband	diserund	dikhand	dikherend	dikhisend	dikhand

Syntax

Constituent order

The unmarked word order is VSO.

Vocabulary

Time - Sa ora

Seasons - Sas stachóis

English	Cathardic
Spring	gweráu
Summer	estathe
Fall	athunu
Winter	iberu

Gregorian months - Sos meses sos gregoljanos

English	Cathardic
January	jangwalju
February	febralju
March	malchu
April	afrí
May	manju
June	junju
July	lunju
August	austu
September	setembre
October	otombre
November	nobembre
December	dekhembre

Days of the week - Sos dis de la setimá

English	Cathardic
Sunday	difilma
Monday	disekhuna
Tuesday	dithelcha
Wednesday	dikhwarta
Thursday	dikhwinda
Friday	disesta
Saturday	disápathi

Parts of the day - Sos partes de so di

English	Cathardic
day	di
dawn	arora
morning	demái
noon	mesudí
afternoon	merije
evening	sera
dusk	khelfuslu
night	note
midnight	mesanote

Units of time - Sas uithathes de sa ora

English	Cathardic
second	sekhunu
minute	minuthu
hour	ora
day	di
week	setimá
month	mese
season	stachói
year	anu

Time adverbs - Sos adverbos de sa ora

English	Cathardic
now	akhora
then	asora
recently, a short time ago
earlier
soon, shortly
later
always	sémber
often
sometimes
rarely
never	ungwa
ever	ungwa
still, yet	ja
already	ja
today	oje
tonight
yesterday	jeri
last night	jerinote
tomorrow	khras
before yesterday	khrasnote
two nights ago
after tomorrow
this week
last week
next week

Colours - Sos kolores

Colours - Sos kolores

English	Cathardic
white	albu
grey	kirenju
black	nigru
red	rusu
orange	naranju
brown	kastanju
yellow	kholkhu
green	gwirdi
blue
pink
purple
golden

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Right (Article 1)

Naskend tothu sos adámikhos líberos eth ukhwáis in dinithathe eth in deretos. And sa rachói eth su damir, eth dend oferare sos unos kun sos álteros kun su ruh de sa fratherithathe.

/ˈnaskend ˈtoθu sos aˈdamixos ˈliberos eθ uxˈwais in diniˈθaθe eθ in deˈretos ‖ and sa raˈtʃoi eθ su daˈmir | eθ dend ofeˈrare sos ˈunos kun sos ˈalteros kun su ruh de sa fraθeriˈθaθe/