Zzean: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Tag: Manual revert
 
(56 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{list subpages}}
{{list subpages}}
In [[Verse:Hmøøh|Hmøøh]], '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' /ˈθiːən/ (Zzean: ''Zzea kï'' /θiə̯˧ ki˥/, Eevo: ''łynøñ Þea'') is an analytic monosyllabic tonal language spoken on the island country [[Verse:Hmøøh/Zzea|Zzea]] (Zzean: ''Zzea Lga{{cab}}y'' /θiə̯˧ ʟɑj˩˥/) off the southwestern coast of the continent Kjàt Må̀. {{PAGENAME}} has a complex tone system even for a Kjàt Må̀ language, with 5 level tones and 6 contour tones. It belongs to a dialect continuum but otherwise has no known relatives. It is head-final and SVO.
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' /ˈθiːən/ (Zzean: ''Zzea kī̄'' /θiə̯˧ ki˥/) is an analytic monosyllabic tonal language with 11 tones: 5 level tones and 6 contour tones. It is head-final and SVO. Zzean belongs to a small family called the Zzeic languages but otherwise has no known relatives.
 
{{PAGENAME}} is inspired by East and Southeast Asian tonal languages, Ojitlán Chinantec, Toda, and Saanich.
{{PAGENAME}} is inspired by East and Southeast Asian tonal languages, Ojitlán Chinantec, Toda, and Saanich.


Line 11: Line 10:
=== Rimes ===
=== Rimes ===


i/e/ə/ɑ/ej/əj/ɑj/iə̯/ɨə̯~ɨ
i/e/ə/ɑ/ej/əj/ɑj/iə̯/ɨə̯


'''i/e/ə/a/ey/əy/ay/ea/ua'''
'''i/e/ə/a/ey/əy/ay/ea/ua'''
;Notes
* /ɑ/ and /ɑj/ are phonetically [a{{ret}}] and [a{{ret}}j]. <!-- Rationale: Backing too much would cause pharyngealization, messing up tones. -->
* /ɨə{{nonsyll}}/ is commonly monophthongized to [ɨ] or [ɨ{{lowered}}].


=== Initials ===
=== Initials ===
<!--
m/n̪/n/ɳ/p/t̪/t̪s̪/t/ts̠/tʃ/ʈ/ʈʂ/k/ʔ/f/θ/s̪/θ̠/s̠/ʃ/ʂ/x/h/l̪/ð̞/l/r/ɭ/ɻ/ʟ/ɰ/j/w
m/n̪/n/ɳ/p/t̪/t̪s̪/t/ts̠/tʃ/ʈ/ʈʂ/k/ʔ/f/θ/s̪/θ̠/s̠/ʃ/ʂ/x/h/l̪/ð̞/l/r/ɭ/ɻ/ʟ/ɰ/j/w


'''m/nh/n/nr/p/th/tz/t/ts/tx/tr/tsr/k/0/f/zz/z/ss/s/x/sr/kh/h/lh/zh/l/r/lr/rr/lg/g/y/w'''
'''m/nh/n/nr/p/th/tz/t/ts/tx/tr/tsr/k/0/f/zz/z/ss/s/x/sr/kh/h/lh/zh/l/r/lr/rr/lg/g/y/w'''
-->{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Labial
! colspan="2" |Lamino-dental
! colspan="2" |Apico-alveolar
! colspan="2" |Subapical
! rowspan="2" |Palatal(ized)
! rowspan="2" |Velar
! rowspan="2" |Glottal
|-
! |<small>nonsib.</small>
! |<small>sib.</small>
! |<small>nonsib.</small>
! |<small>sib.</small>
! |<small>nonsib.</small>
! |<small>sib.</small>
|-
!colspan="2"|Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
|colspan="2"| '''nh''' /n̪/
|colspan="2"| '''n''' /n/
|colspan="2"| '''nr''' /ɳ/
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Stop
| '''p''' /p/
| '''th''' /t̪/
| '''tz''' /t&#810;s&#810;/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''ts''' /ts&#800;/
| '''tr''' /ʈ/
| '''tsr''' /ʈʂ/
|
| '''k''' /k/
| /ʔ/
|-
!colspan="2"|Fricative
| '''f''' /f/
| '''zz''' /θ/
| '''z''' /s&#810;/
| '''ss''' /θ&#800;/
| '''s''' /s&#800;/
|
| '''sr''' /ʂ/
| '''x''' /ʃ/
| '''kh''' /x/
| '''h''' /h/
|-
!rowspan="2"|Resonant
!|<small>central</small>
| '''w''' /w/
|colspan="2"|'''zh''' /ð&#798;/
|colspan="2"|'''r''' /ɾ/
|colspan="2"|'''rr''' /ɻ/
|'''y''' /j/
|'''g''' /ɰ/
|
|-
!|<small>lateral</small>
|
|colspan="2"|'''lh''' /l&#810;/
|colspan="2"|'''l''' /l/
|colspan="2"|'''lr''' /ɭ/
|
|'''lg''' /ʟ/
|
|}


=== Tones ===
=== Tones ===
English names: "top, high, mid, low, bottom, bottom-rise, mid-rise, top-fall, mid-fall, dip, peak"
Tones have low functional load in Zzean relative to other major Angaian languages.
 
˥/˦/˧/˨/˩/˩˥/˧˥/˥˩/˧˩/˨˩˨~˩˨/˨˧˨~˧˦˧~˦˨
 
'''ä/ā/a/a̱/a̤/a̗/á/à/a̖/a̬/â'''
 
Tones have a high functional load in Þhea Kï. The following is a tonal minimal 11-tuplet:
* kä: short
* kā: coat
* ka: to take
* ka̱: to breathe
* ka̤: to burn (intrans.)
* ka̗: roof
* ká: fencepost
* kà: crow/raven; (ideophone) caw
* ka̖: finger
* ka̬: grease
* kâ: to imprint, to stamp
 
==== Tone box ====
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
! Tone class
! Rom.
! Modal initial (5/8)
! IPA
! Breathy initial (3/8)
! English name
! Creaky initial (2/8)
! Example
! Description
|-
|-
! A (null or resonant coda) (2/6)
| '''ā̄'''
| 33 (a)
| /˥/ (55)
| 31 (a{{cgb}})
| top
| 51 (à)
| ''kā̄'' /kɑ˥/ 'short'
| Often marked by stiff voice.
|-
|-
! B (glottal stop coda) (1/6)
| '''ā'''
| 212 (a{{ccb}})
| /˦/ (44)
| 15 (a{{cab}})
| high
| 44 (ā)
| ''kā'' /kɑ˦/ 'coat'
|
|-
|-
! C (fricative coda) (1/6)
| '''a'''
| 22 (a{{cll}})
| /˧/ (33)
| 343 (â)
| mid
| 11 (a{{breathy}})
| ''ka'' /kɑ˧/ 'to take'
|
|-
|-
! D (voiceless stop coda) (1/6)
| '''a̱'''
| 35 (á)
| /˨/ (22)
| 15 (a{{cab}})
| low
| 55 (ä)
| ''ka̱'' /kɑ˨/ 'to breathe'
|
|-
|-
! E (voiced stop coda) (1/6)
| '''a̱̱'''
| 11 (a{{breathy}})
| /˩/ (11)
| 343 (â)
| bottom
| 51 (à)
| ''ka̱̱'' /kɑ˩/ 'to burn (intrans.)'
| Often marked by vocal fry.
|-
| '''a̗'''
| /˩˥/ (15)
| bottom-rise
| ''ka̗'' /kɑ˩˥/ 'roof'
| Often begins with vocal fry. May be realized as [˩˦] (14), or even [˨˦] (24) in rapid speech.
|-
| '''á'''
| /˧˥/ (35)
| mid-rise
| ''ká'' /kɑ˧˥/ 'fencepost'
|
|-
| '''à'''
| /˥˩/ (51)
| top-fall
| ''kà'' /kɑ˥˩/ 'crow, raven; (ideophone) caw'
| May be realized as [˥˧] (53).
|-
| '''a̖'''
| /˧˩/ (31)
| mid-fall
| ''ka̖'' /kɑ˧˩/ 'finger'
|
|-
| '''a̬'''
| /˨˩˨/ (212)
| dip
| ''ka̬'' /kɑ˨˩˨/ 'oil, fat, grease'
|  Often realized as [˩˨] (12) in rapid speech.
|-
| '''â'''
| /˧˦˧/ (343)
| peak
| ''kâ'' /kɑ˧˦˧/ 'to imprint, to stamp'
| May be [˨˧˨] (232). Often realized as [˦˩] (41) or [˦˨] (42) in rapid speech.
|}
 
==== Tone box ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!A (null or resonant coda) (2/6)
!B (glottal stop coda) (1/6)
!C (fricative coda) (1/6)
!D (voiceless stop coda) (1/6)
!E (voiced stop coda) (1/6)
|-
!Modal initial (3/8)
|33 (a)
|212 (a̬)
|22 (a̱)
|35 (á)
|11 (a̱̱)
|-
!Breathy initial (3/8)
|31 (a̖)
|15 (a̗)
|343 (â)
|15 (a̗)
|343 (â)
|-
!Creaky initial (2/8)
|51 (à)
|44 (ā)
|11 (a̱̱)
|55 (ā̄)
|51 (à)
|}
|}


Line 76: Line 204:
C: m/nh/n/nr/p/th/tz/t/ts/tx/tr/tsr/k//f/zz/z/ss/s/x/sr/kh/h/lh/zh/l/r/lr/rr/lg/g/y/w
C: m/nh/n/nr/p/th/tz/t/ts/tx/tr/tsr/k//f/zz/z/ss/s/x/sr/kh/h/lh/zh/l/r/lr/rr/lg/g/y/w


R: ä/ā/a/a&#817;/a&#804;/a&#791;/á/à/a&#790;/a̬/â/äy/āy/ay/a&#817;y/a&#804;y/a&#791;y/áy/ày/a&#790;y/a̬y/ây/ë/ē/e/e̱/e̤/e̗/é/è/e̖/e̬/ê/ëy/ēy/ey/e̱y/e̤y/e̗y/éy/èy/e̖y/e̬y/êy/ëa/ēa/ea/e̱a/e̤a/e̗a/éa/èa/e̖a/e̬a/êa/ï/ī/i/i̱/i̤/i̗/í/ì/i̖/i̬/î/ə&#776;/ə&#772;/ə/ə&#817;/ə&#804;/ə&#790;/ə&#769;/ə&#768;/ə&#791;/ə&#812;/ə&#770;/u&#776;a/u&#772;a/ua/u&#817;a/u&#804;a/u&#790;a/u&#769;a/u&#768;a/u&#791;a/u&#812;a/u&#770;a
R: ā̄/ā/a/a&#817;/a&#817;&#817;/a&#791;/á/à/a&#790;/a̬/â/ā̄y/āy/ay/a&#817;y/a&#817;&#817;y/a&#791;y/áy/ày/a&#790;y/a̬y/ây/ē̄/ē/e/e̱/e&#817;&#817;/e̗/é/è/e̖/e̬/ê/ē̄y/ēy/ey/e̱y/e&#817;&#817;y/e̗y/éy/èy/e̖y/e̬y/êy/ē̄a/ēa/ea/e̱a/e&#817;&#817;a/e̗a/éa/èa/e̖a/e̬a/êa/ī̄/ī/i/i̱/i&#817;&#817;/i̗/í/ì/i̖/i̬/î/ə̄̄/ə&#772;/ə/ə&#817;/ə&#817;&#817;/ə&#790;/ə&#769;/ə&#768;/ə&#791;/ə&#812;/ə&#770;/ə̄̄y/ə&#772;y/əy/ə&#817;y/ə&#817;&#817;y/ə&#790;y/ə&#769;y/ə&#768;y/ə&#791;y/ə&#812;y/ə&#770;y/ū̄a/u&#772;a/ua/u&#817;a/u&#817;&#817;a/u&#790;a/u&#769;a/u&#768;a/u&#791;a/u&#812;a/u&#770;a
== Dialects ==
 
== Orthography ==
== Orthography ==
Zzean is written in the Zzean script and uses a very deep orthography, like Tibetan.
Zzean is written in the Zzean script and uses a very deep orthography, like Tibetan.
 
[[Category:Angai]]
== Vocabulary ==
{{PAGENAME}} is generally purist.

Latest revision as of 06:32, 29 October 2024

Pages with the prefix 'Zzean' in the and 'Talk' namespaces:

Talk:

Zzean /ˈθiːən/ (Zzean: Zzea kī̄ /θiə̯˧ ki˥/) is an analytic monosyllabic tonal language with 11 tones: 5 level tones and 6 contour tones. It is head-final and SVO. Zzean belongs to a small family called the Zzeic languages but otherwise has no known relatives. Zzean is inspired by East and Southeast Asian tonal languages, Ojitlán Chinantec, Toda, and Saanich.

Phonology

The following is the phonology of Standard Zzean.

Phonotactics

A morpheme is almost always monosyllabic. A syllable always has the structure IRT, where I = initial, R = rime, and T = tone. Zzean has 33 initials, 9 rimes, and 11 tones, making 3267 possible syllables.

Rimes

i/e/ə/ɑ/ej/əj/ɑj/iə̯/ɨə̯

i/e/ə/a/ey/əy/ay/ea/ua

Notes
  • /ɑ/ and /ɑj/ are phonetically [a̠] and [a̠j].
  • /ɨə̯/ is commonly monophthongized to [ɨ] or [ɨ̞].

Initials

Labial Lamino-dental Apico-alveolar Subapical Palatal(ized) Velar Glottal
nonsib. sib. nonsib. sib. nonsib. sib.
Nasal m /m/ nh /n̪/ n /n/ nr /ɳ/
Stop p /p/ th /t̪/ tz /t̪s̪/ t /t/ ts /ts̠/ tr /ʈ/ tsr /ʈʂ/ k /k/ /ʔ/
Fricative f /f/ zz /θ/ z /s̪/ ss /θ̠/ s /s̠/ sr /ʂ/ x /ʃ/ kh /x/ h /h/
Resonant central w /w/ zh /ð̞/ r /ɾ/ rr /ɻ/ y /j/ g /ɰ/
lateral lh /l̪/ l /l/ lr /ɭ/ lg /ʟ/

Tones

Tones have low functional load in Zzean relative to other major Angaian languages.

Rom. IPA English name Example Description
ā̄ /˥/ (55) top kā̄ /kɑ˥/ 'short' Often marked by stiff voice.
ā /˦/ (44) high kā /kɑ˦/ 'coat'
a /˧/ (33) mid ka /kɑ˧/ 'to take'
a̱ /˨/ (22) low ka̱ /kɑ˨/ 'to breathe'
a̱̱ /˩/ (11) bottom ka̱̱ /kɑ˩/ 'to burn (intrans.)' Often marked by vocal fry.
a̗ /˩˥/ (15) bottom-rise ka̗ /kɑ˩˥/ 'roof' Often begins with vocal fry. May be realized as [˩˦] (14), or even [˨˦] (24) in rapid speech.
á /˧˥/ (35) mid-rise ká /kɑ˧˥/ 'fencepost'
à /˥˩/ (51) top-fall kà /kɑ˥˩/ 'crow, raven; (ideophone) caw' May be realized as [˥˧] (53).
a̖ /˧˩/ (31) mid-fall ka̖ /kɑ˧˩/ 'finger'
a̬ /˨˩˨/ (212) dip ka̬ /kɑ˨˩˨/ 'oil, fat, grease' Often realized as [˩˨] (12) in rapid speech.
â /˧˦˧/ (343) peak kâ /kɑ˧˦˧/ 'to imprint, to stamp' May be [˨˧˨] (232). Often realized as [˦˩] (41) or [˦˨] (42) in rapid speech.

Tone box

A (null or resonant coda) (2/6) B (glottal stop coda) (1/6) C (fricative coda) (1/6) D (voiceless stop coda) (1/6) E (voiced stop coda) (1/6)
Modal initial (3/8) 33 (a) 212 (a̬) 22 (a̱) 35 (á) 11 (a̱̱)
Breathy initial (3/8) 31 (a̖) 15 (a̗) 343 (â) 15 (a̗) 343 (â)
Creaky initial (2/8) 51 (à) 44 (ā) 11 (a̱̱) 55 (ā̄) 51 (à)

Awkwords input

C: m/nh/n/nr/p/th/tz/t/ts/tx/tr/tsr/k//f/zz/z/ss/s/x/sr/kh/h/lh/zh/l/r/lr/rr/lg/g/y/w

R: ā̄/ā/a/a̱/a̱̱/a̗/á/à/a̖/a̬/â/ā̄y/āy/ay/a̱y/a̱̱y/a̗y/áy/ày/a̖y/a̬y/ây/ē̄/ē/e/e̱/e̱̱/e̗/é/è/e̖/e̬/ê/ē̄y/ēy/ey/e̱y/e̱̱y/e̗y/éy/èy/e̖y/e̬y/êy/ē̄a/ēa/ea/e̱a/e̱̱a/e̗a/éa/èa/e̖a/e̬a/êa/ī̄/ī/i/i̱/i̱̱/i̗/í/ì/i̖/i̬/î/ə̄̄/ə̄/ə/ə̱/ə̱̱/ə̖/ə́/ə̀/ə̗/ə̬/ə̂/ə̄̄y/ə̄y/əy/ə̱y/ə̱̱y/ə̖y/ə́y/ə̀y/ə̗y/ə̬y/ə̂y/ū̄a/ūa/ua/u̱a/u̱̱a/u̖a/úa/ùa/u̗a/u̬a/ûa

Dialects

Orthography

Zzean is written in the Zzean script and uses a very deep orthography, like Tibetan.

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Zzean&oldid=389662"