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IPA for Ufhewat Knrawi: Difference between revisions

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The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Ufhewat [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].
The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] represents Ufhewat [[Knrawi]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].


This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island, for other varieties see [[:Category:Knrawi IPA guides|Knrawi IPA guides]].
This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island. For other varieties see [[:Category:Knrawi IPA keys|Knrawi IPA keys]].


{{IPA keys}}
{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background: none"
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|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|vˀ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|vˀ}}</big>
|{{term|???|???}}
|{{term|wvg|'''wv'''g}}
|???
|to reach
|ha'''v'''e
|ha'''v'''e
|-
|-
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|day
|day
|'''ü'''ber ([[w:German language|German]])
|'''ü'''ber ([[w:German language|German]])
|}
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{| class="IPA wikitable"
![[w:Wikipedia:IPA|IPA]] !! Example !! Translation
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| [[w:Tone (linguistics)|Tones]]
! colspan="4"| [[w:Tone (linguistics)|Tones]]
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==Differences from standard Knrawi==
==Differences from standard Knrawi==
**/n/ and /ŋ/ do not assimilate.
**⫽n⫽ and ⫽ŋ⫽ do not assimilate.
*/θ,θʰ/ are realized as [s,sʰ].
*⫽θ,θʰ⫽ are realized as [s,sʰ].
**Labialized /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [f,h].
**Labialized ⫽θ,θʰ⫽ are realized as [f,h].
*/k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
*⫽k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ⫽ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
*/k̠,k̠ʰ/ are realized as [k,kʰ].
*⫽k̠,k̠ʰ⫽ are realized as [k,kʰ].
*/x̠,ʍ,h/ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
*⫽x̠,ʍ,h⫽ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
*sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
*sequences of ⫽x̠,ʍ,h⫽ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
**Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority.
**Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority.
*/ɹ/ is realized as [r].
***Sequences of ⫽x̠,ʍ,h⫽ and a syllabic sonorant (and vice versa) with no adjacent sonorant or vowel are realized as [əCˀ].
**Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
*⫽ɹ⫽ is realized as [r].
*/ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
**Labialized ⫽ɹ⫽ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
*/ˣ/ is realized as [ʰ].
*⫽ɉ⫽ is realized as [ɰ].
**/θˣ,x̟ˣ/ (including labialized /θˣ/) are realized as [x].
*⫽ˣ⫽ is realized as [ʰ].
**⫽θˣ,x̟ˣ⫽ (including labialized ⫽θˣ⫽) are realized as [x].
*Fortition does not occur.
*Fortition does not occur.
*Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant.
*Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant.
*Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels).
*Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels).
**Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively.
**Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively.
*/ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
*⫽ɪ,ʊ⫽ are realized as [i,u].
**Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
**Unstressed ⫽ɪ,ʊ⫽ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
*[i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying /ʍ/).
**⫽ɪɪ,ʊʊ⫽ are realized as [e̞j,o̞w].
*Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
*[i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying ⫽ʍ⫽).
*Unstressed ⫽a⫽ and [ə] are realized as
**[o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
**[o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
**[ə] if not [o̞].
**[ə] if not [o̞].
*[ʔ̞] is realized as [ː]
*Sequences of unstressed [e̞,ø̞,ə,o̞] and ⫽a⫽ (stressed or unstressed) are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː] respectively.
*Sequences of unstressed [e̞,ø̞,ə,o̞] and /a/ (stressed or unstressed) are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː] respectively.
*[ʔ̞] is realized as [ː].
*/˧˩/ is distinct from /˥˩/ [˥˧].
**[e̞ːʔ̞,ø̞ːʔ̞,əːʔ̞,o̞ːʔ̞] are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː].
*⫽˧˩⫽ is distinct from ⫽˥˩⫽ [˥˧].


[[Category:Knrawi IPA guides]]
[[Category:Knrawi IPA keys|u]]

Latest revision as of 20:15, 14 February 2025

The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Ufhewat Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.

This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island. For other varieties see Knrawi IPA keys.

IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent
Consonants
f huf small face
h ufh middle have
j shaia house yet
k hyk sugarcane scout
kʰ nkh far cow
kʲ tjic to cook ski
kʲʰ chuh raw key
kʷ guq small island square
kʷʰ uqh snake queen
m iim because man
mˀ mawḿ to mix man
n nias woman not
nˀ jna star not
ŋ thga wind sang
ŋˀ wga long sang
p puskj yam spin
pʰ cuph snake burrow pin
r marg south rayo (Spanish)
rˀ jrn land rayo (Spanish)
s cniztí to try sing
sʰ zherg cloud sing
t riti eye start
tʰ nth water tart
v vuin corner have
vˀ wvg to reach have
w rtiu where wing
ɰ aythá jasper agave (Spanish)
ɰˀ hyg cold agave (Spanish)
x jua all loch
xʲ asi shark he
xʲʰ shiupii wheat noodles he
xʷ niwuu guilty white
ʔ ceh many uh-oh
IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent
Vowels
a agu face father
aː kaau five father
ɒ kjaw to puncture bot
ɒː waay moth bot
e̞ isji big bed
e̞ː ciarcá cobalt face
ə sheya large island about
əː aà to say above
i it head beet
iː iarti salt beet
o̞ zjeyu shore boat
o̞ː uái lizard boat
ø̞ tiqíj to dry up können (German)
ø̞ː jaqia wild cannabis Schön (German)
u cuy angry boot
uː pùa liver boot
y wi child üppig (German)
yː qhia day über (German)
Tones
˥ ik to see
˩ ìy to break
˥˧ cûathay sapphire
˧˩ cûathay sapphire (plural)

Differences from standard Knrawi

    • ⫽n⫽ and ⫽ŋ⫽ do not assimilate.
  • ⫽θ,θʰ⫽ are realized as [s,sʰ].
    • Labialized ⫽θ,θʰ⫽ are realized as [f,h].
  • ⫽k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ⫽ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
  • ⫽k̠,k̠ʰ⫽ are realized as [k,kʰ].
  • ⫽x̠,ʍ,h⫽ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
  • sequences of ⫽x̠,ʍ,h⫽ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
    • Non-syllabic and then following sonorants take priority.
      • Sequences of ⫽x̠,ʍ,h⫽ and a syllabic sonorant (and vice versa) with no adjacent sonorant or vowel are realized as [əCˀ].
  • ⫽ɹ⫽ is realized as [r].
    • Labialized ⫽ɹ⫽ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
  • ⫽ɉ⫽ is realized as [ɰ].
  • ⫽ˣ⫽ is realized as [ʰ].
    • ⫽θˣ,x̟ˣ⫽ (including labialized ⫽θˣ⫽) are realized as [x].
  • Fortition does not occur.
  • Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant.
  • Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels).
    • Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively.
  • ⫽ɪ,ʊ⫽ are realized as [i,u].
    • Unstressed ⫽ɪ,ʊ⫽ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
    • ⫽ɪɪ,ʊʊ⫽ are realized as [e̞j,o̞w].
  • [i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying ⫽ʍ⫽).
  • Unstressed ⫽a⫽ and [ə] are realized as
    • [o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
    • [ə] if not [o̞].
  • Sequences of unstressed [e̞,ø̞,ə,o̞] and ⫽a⫽ (stressed or unstressed) are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː] respectively.
  • [ʔ̞] is realized as [ː].
    • [e̞ːʔ̞,ø̞ːʔ̞,əːʔ̞,o̞ːʔ̞] are realized as [e̞ː,ø̞ː,əː,o̞ː].
  • ⫽˧˩⫽ is distinct from ⫽˥˩⫽ [˥˧].
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