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Valthungian: Difference between revisions

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[[Category: Conlangs]]
[[Category: Conlangs]]
[[Category: Artlangs]]
[[Category: Artlangs]]
[[Category: A_posteriori]]
[[Category: A posteriori]]
[[Category: Indo-European_languages]]
[[Category: Indo-European languages]]
[[Category: Germanic languages]]
[[Category: Germanic languages]]
[[Category: East Germanic languages]]
[[Category: East Germanic languages]]
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{{construction}}
{{construction}}
{{Bpnjohnson.info|Valthungian, the Grey Tongue|Grējutungiška Rasta, So Grējuga Tunga|ˈgrai̯.juˌtuŋ.giɕ.kɑ ˈrɑs.tɑ, so̞ ˈgrai̯.ju.ɡɑ ˈtuŋ.gɑ|2010|Europe, vaguely|Indo-European|Indo-European|Germanic|East Germanic|Griutungi|Old Valthungian|Middle Valthungian||qgt|grey}}
{{Bpnjohnson.info|Valthungian, the Grey Tongue|So Grējuga Tunga|so̞ ˈɡrai̯.ju.ɡa ˈtuŋ.ɡa|2010|Europe, vaguely|Indo-European|Indo-European|Germanic|East Germanic|Griutungi|Old Valthungian|Middle Valthungian||qgt|grey}}


Valthungian is an [[wiki:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic]] language descended from a language that was probably mutually intelligible with [[wiki:Gothic_language|Gothic]], though much of its corpus cannot have been inherited from the language of [[wiki:Ulfilas|Wulfila]]. It is likely, however, that the speakers of the ancestor of Valthungian did consider themselves Goths (or Gutai or Gutþiudōs), and that their language was mutually intelligible with other dialects of Gothic. The Valthungian relationship to “Classical Gothic” can be thought of as analogous to the relationship between Modern High German and [[wiki:Old_High_German|Old High German]] – that is, not a direct lineage, but the modern languages are descended from neighboring dialects spoken by people who would likewise have considered themselves to be “Gutisks,” in the case of Valthungian, or “Diotisk” in the case of German.  
Valthungian is an [[wiki:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic]] language descended from a language that was probably mutually intelligible with [[wiki:Gothic_language|Gothic]], though much of its corpus cannot have been inherited from the language of [[wiki:Ulfilas|Wulfila]]. It is likely, however, that the speakers of the ancestor of Valthungian did consider themselves Goths (or ''Gutai'' or ''Gutþiudōs''), and that their language was mutually intelligible with other dialects of Gothic. The Valthungian relationship to “Classical Gothic” can be thought of as analogous to the relationship between Modern and [[wiki:Old_High_German|Old High German]] – that is, not a direct lineage, but the modern languages are descended from neighboring dialects spoken by people who would likewise have considered themselves to be speaking “Gutiska,” in the case of Valthungian, or “Diutiska” in the case of German.  


While Valthungian shares many of the areal changes common to [[wiki:North_Germanic_languages|North]] and [[wiki:West_Germanic_languages|West Germanic languages]], it is also marked by distinctive changes in palatalisation, which, while similar to those of Old English, are most likely influenced by contact with Romance and Slavic languages. Modern Valthungian can be traced back to [[Middle Valthungian]] (spoken from around 1200‒1600ᴀᴅ) through [[Old Valthungian]] (800‒1200ᴀᴅ) and ultimately to [[Griutungi]], which would likely have been thought of as a dialect of Gothic (400‒800ᴀᴅ).
While Valthungian shares many of the areal changes common to [[wiki:North_Germanic_languages|North]] and [[wiki:West_Germanic_languages|West Germanic languages]], it is also marked by distinctive changes in palatalisation, which, while similar to those of Old English, are most likely influenced by contact with Romance and Slavic languages. Modern Valthungian can be traced back to [[Middle Valthungian]] (spoken from around 1200‒1600ᴀᴅ) through [[Old Valthungian]] (800‒1200ᴀᴅ) and ultimately to [[Griutungi]], which would likely have been thought of as a dialect of Gothic (400‒800ᴀᴅ).


The name “Valthungian” comes from the name ''Valthungi'' – a Latin term likely derived from a pre-Old Valthungian name *''Walþungae'' – meaning “Forest-dweller,” likely a branch of or related to the [[w: Thervingi|Thervingians]] (''idem''), though the Valthungian people refer to themselves as '''''[[Contionary: grējutungišk#Valthungian|Grējutungišk]]''''', which is probably from an earlier ''[[w: Greuthungi|Griutuggs]]'' (the name of an Ostrogothic tribe living along the northern shore of the Black Sea), but which underwent some semantic reanalysis over the generations and came to mean ‘the grey-tongued ones’. In turn, they call their language '''''[[Contionary: grējutungišk#Valthungian|Grējutungiška]] [[Contionary: rasta#Valthungian|Rasta]]''''' ‘Grey-tonguish Language’ or just '''''[[Contionary: so#Valthungian|So]] [[Contionary: grējus#Valthungian|Grējuga]] [[Contionary: tunga#Valthungian|Tunga]]''''' ‘the Grey Tongue’.
The name “Valthungian” comes from the name ''Valthungi'' – a Latin term derived from a pre-Old Valthungian name *''Walþungae'' – meaning “Forest-dweller,” likely a branch of or related to the [[w: Thervingi|Thervingians]] (''idem''), though the Valthungian people refer to themselves as '''''[[Contionary: grējutunga#Valthungian|Grējutunga]]''''', which is probably from an earlier ''[[w: Greuthungi|Griutuggai]]'' (the name of an Ostrogothic tribe living along the northern shore of the Black Sea), which underwent reanalysis (griut+ung‑ → griw+tung‑) and came to mean ‘the Grey-Tongued (ones)’. In turn, they call their language '''''[[Contionary: so#Valthungian|so]] [[Contionary: grējus#Valthungian|Grējuga]] [[Contionary: tunga#Valthungian|Tunga]]''''' ‘the Grey Tongue’.
 
When the Goths, including many Griutungi, sacked Rome in 410ᴀᴅ, most lost the Gothic language in favour of Latin within a few generations, though some speakers of Griutungi remained in the areas to the north and east of Rome, eventually making their way to the alps north of the modern [[w: Udine|city of Udine]]. Over the course of the next five centuries, small pockets of Gothic ([[Griutungi]]) speakers remained in eastern parts of the Italian Alps, and by about 800ᴀᴅ the language had developed into what we now consider [[Old Valthungian]]. In 1025ᴀᴅ a group of Late-Old-Valthungian-speaking Valthungi set out to return to their ancestral Gothic homeland, and, to make a very long and tedious story unsatisfyingly short, they got lost and ended up in Bavaria, where, after a few hundred years, they were speaking [[Middle Valthungian]]. The language of the Valthungi who stayed behind also continued to evolve and blend with Latin and Romance influences, first becoming [[Italian Gothic]] and then eventually the modern mixed language [[Gothic Romance]].


==Writing System==
==Writing System==
===Alphabet & Pronunciation===
===Alphabet & Pronunciation===
Here I give the traditional Valthungian letters followed by the romanisation I use for them in the second row. This romanisation is otherwise used throughout this article.
Here I give the traditional Valthungian letters followed by the romanisation I use for them in the second column. This romanisation is otherwise used throughout this article.


{| style="border:0px; background:none;"
{| style="border:0px; background:none;"
Line 63: Line 65:
|width=75 style="font-size:18pt;"|D d
|width=75 style="font-size:18pt;"|D d
|width=50|[d]
|width=50|[d]
||''[[Contionary:daǧ|daǧ]]''
||''[[Contionary:dagis|dagis]]''
|style="text-align:left;"|‘day’
|style="text-align:left;"|‘day’
|-
|-
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The orthography of Valthungian is quite regular to its phonology; indeed, there are very few exceptions:
The orthography of Valthungian is quite regular to its phonology; indeed, there are very few exceptions:


* The letter ⟨n⟩ before ⟨g⟩ or ⟨k⟩ is realised as a velar nasal [ŋ]. Specifically, ⟨ng⟩ is [ŋɡ] and ⟨nk⟩ is [ŋk]. (E.g. ''drinkna'' [driŋk.na] ‘to drink’.)
* The letter ⟨n⟩ before ⟨g⟩ or ⟨k⟩ is realised as a velar nasal {{IPA|[ŋ]}}. (E.g. ''drinkna'' {{IPA|[driŋk.na]}} ‘to drink’.)
** In combinations where ⟨ng⟩ is followed by another nasal consonant, [ɡ] is elided in speech: ⟨ngm⟩ is [ŋm] and ⟨ngn⟩ is [ŋn]. (E.g. ''gangna'' [gaŋ.na] ‘to go’; not **[gaŋɡ.na].) In rapid speech this may also occur to the other nasal-stop combinations ⟨mbn⟩, ⟨mbm⟩, ⟨ndm⟩, and ⟨ndn⟩; sometimes the stop may also become glottal.
** In combinations where ⟨ng⟩ is followed by another nasal consonant, {{IPA|[ɡ]}} is elided in speech: ⟨ngm⟩ is {{IPA|[ŋm]}} and ⟨ngn⟩ is {{IPA|[ŋn]}}. (E.g. ''gangna'' {{IPA|[gaŋ.na]}} ‘to go’; not **{{IPA|[gaŋɡ.na]}}.) In rapid speech this may also occur to the other nasal-stop combinations ⟨mbn⟩, ⟨mbm⟩, ⟨ndm⟩, and ⟨ndn⟩; sometimes the stop may also become glottal.
* In the combinations ⟨hw⟩ (i.e. ⟨hu⟩ followed by a vowel), ⟨hl⟩, and ⟨hr⟩,⟨h⟩ is realised as [x].
* In the combinations ⟨hw⟩, ⟨hl⟩, and ⟨hr⟩,⟨h⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[x]}}.
* The sequence ⟨lju⟩ is realised as [ljɛu̯] (rather than the expected [lju]). (E.g. ''ljuga'' [ljɛu̯.ɡa] ‘lion’.)
* The sequence ⟨lju⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[ljɛu̯]}} (rather than the expected {{IPA|[lju]}}). (E.g. ''ljuga'' {{IPA|[ljɛu̯.ɡa]}} ‘lion’.)
* The sequence ⟨rju⟩ is realised as [rɛu̯] (rather than the expected [rju]). (E.g. ''frjusna'' [frɛu̯s.na] ‘to freeze’.)
* The sequence ⟨rju⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[rɛu̯]}} (rather than the expected {{IPA|[rju]}}). (E.g. ''frjusna'' {{IPA|[frɛu̯s.na]}} ‘to freeze’.)
* The diphthong ⟨eu⟩ is realised as [ɛu̯] (rather than the expected [e̞u̯]). (E.g. ''þreugi'' [θrɛu̯.ɡi] ‘wrath’.)
* The diphthong ⟨eu⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[ɛu̯]}} (rather than the expected {{IPA|[e̞u̯]}}). (E.g. ''þreugi'' {{IPA|[θrɛu̯.ɡi]}} ‘wrath’.)
* The diphthong ⟨œu⟩ is realised as [œy̑] (rather than the expected [ø̞u̯]). (E.g. ''grœunis'' [ɡrœy̑.nis] ‘green’.)
* The diphthong ⟨œu⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[œy̑]}} (rather than the expected {{IPA|[ø̞u̯]}}). (E.g. ''grœunis'' {{IPA|[ɡrœy̑.nis]}} ‘green’.)
* Medial ⟨dl⟩ (usually derived from earlier /ll/) is realised as [dɮ]. (E.g. ''hadla'' [ha.dɮa] ‘mansion’.)
* For some speakers, word-final ⟨þs⟩ is realised as {{IPA|[t̪s]}}.
* For some speakers, word-final ⟨þs⟩ may be realised as [t̪s].
* Inexplicably, the letter ''wynia'', while quite regular in and of itself, has a rather irregular romanisation. It is sometimes romanised quite regularly as ⟨w⟩, though in combination with consonants before a vowel (/dw/, /tw/, /þw/, /hw/, /gw/, /kw/, or /sw/), it is romanised as ⟨u⟩ (i.e. ⟨du⟩, ⟨tu⟩, ⟨þu⟩, ⟨hu⟩, ⟨gu⟩,⟨ku⟩ and ⟨su⟩.)
** This process cannot cross morpheme boundaries, so ''iþ'' + ''wītna'' → ''iþwītna'', not **''iþuītna''.
 
Stress is indicated in the standard orthography with an acute accent ''only'' if:
* The stress is ''not'' on the first syllable.
** (By default, stress falls on the primary syllable.)
* The stressed vowel is short.
** (All unstressed long vowels were reduced to short vowels in the [[Middle Valthungian]] period.)
* The stressed vowel is not ⟨œ⟩ or ⟨y⟩.
** (The rounded front vowels can only occur as the result of i‑umlaut, which could only arise from a stressed vowel.)


For example, ''in'''í'''la '' ‘excuse’, ''ak'''é'''čim'' 'even so'; but ''gar'''ǣ'''ts'' ‘correct’ or ''gavr'''œ'''čin'' ‘to handle’.
Stress is indicated in the standard orthography with an acute accent ''only'' if: The stress is ''not'' on the first syllable (by default, stress falls on the primary syllable); the stressed vowel is short (all unstressed long vowels were reduced to short vowels in the [[Middle Valthungian]] period); and the stressed vowel is not ⟨œ⟩ or ⟨y⟩ (the rounded front vowels can ''only'' occur as the result of i‑umlaut, which could only affect a stressed vowel). For example, ''in'''í'''la '' ‘excuse’, ''ak'''é'''čim'' ‘even so’; but ''gar'''ǣ'''ts'' ‘correct’ or ''gawr'''œ'''čin'' ‘to handle’.


===Orthographic Variants===
===Orthographic Variants===  
There are a few regional and stylistic variations in the orthography of Valthungian romanisation.
There are a few regional and stylistic variations in the orthography of Valthungian romanisation.  
* In some areas, rather than indicating non-initial stress by placing an acute diacritic on the stressed vowel, the vowel of the initial ''unstressed'' syllable is marked with a grave diacritic.  This is not standard anywhere, but is often used in children’s books and language learning tools, as it is a more consistent indicator of stress than the acute, which is not deployed over long vowels or rounded front vowels. It is often used in combination with the acute stress system, and the acute may also be used on otherwise exempt characters. E.g.:  
* In some areas, rather than indicating non-initial stress by placing an acute diacritic on the stressed vowel, the vowel of the initial ''unstressed'' syllable is marked with a grave diacritic.  This is not standard anywhere, but is often used in children’s books and language learning tools, as it is a more consistent indicator of stress than the acute, which is not deployed over long vowels or rounded front vowels. It is often used in combination with the acute stress system, and the acute may also be used on otherwise exempt characters. E.g.:
** ''ǧukospríngna'' ‘to leap up’ → ''ǧùkospringna'' or ''ǧùkospríngna''
** ''žukuspríngna'' ‘to leap up’ → ''žùkuspringna'' or ''žùkuspríngna''  
** ''gadrynis'' ‘symphony’ → ''gàdrynis'' or ''gàdrýnis''
** ''gadrynis'' ‘symphony’ → ''gàdrynis'' or ''gàdrýnis''
** ''miðlǣði'' ‘sympathy’ → ''mìðlǣði'' or ''mìðlǣ́ði'' (sometimes ''mìðlǽði'')
** ''miðlǣði'' ‘sympathy’ → ''mìðlǣði'' or ''mìðlǣ́ði'' (rarely ''mìðlǽði'')  
* ⟨w⟩ may be used in place of word-initial ⟨v⟩ or pre-vocalic ⟨u⟩ to represent /w/ as a more direct transliteration of the letter ''vynia''. There is no logical or efficient reason for this transliteration to be split up the way it is in the standard language: Its existence is purely aesthetic, and many people are not as interested in aesthetics as efficiency.  
* A rather old-fashioned romanisation convention does not use ⟨w⟩ for ''wynia'',but transcribes it as ⟨v⟩ when word-initial or ⟨u⟩ after a consonant, e.g.  ''windis'' ‘wind’, ''þwagna'' ‘wash’, ''wrǣti'' ‘drawing’ → ⟨vindis⟩, ⟨þuagna⟩, ⟨vrǣti⟩. Even those not following this convention may romanise wynia as ⟨v⟩ before a liquid where it has the value of [v].  
* Conversely, there are some who romanise ''jēr'' as ⟨i⟩ rather than as ⟨j⟩, likely out of spite towards those who use ⟨w⟩ as above.
* There are a select few who also romanise ''jēr'' as ⟨i⟩ rather than as ⟨j⟩, likely out of spite.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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|-
|-
!'''Closed'''
!'''Closed'''
|'''i · y'''<br />[i · y]
|'''i · y'''<br />{{IPA|/i/ · /y/}}
|'''u'''<br />[u]
|'''u'''<br />{{IPA|/u/}}
|'''ī · ȳ'''<br />[iː · yː]
|'''ī · ȳ'''<br />{{IPA|/iː/ · /yː/}}
|'''ū'''<br />[uː]
|'''ū'''<br />{{IPA|/uː/}}
!'''Closed-to-'''
!'''Closed-to-'''
|
|'''ui'''<br />{{IPA|/ui̯/}}
|
|'''iu'''<br />{{IPA|/iu̯/}}
|-
|-
!'''Mid'''
!'''Mid'''
|'''e · œ'''<br />[e̞ · ø̞]
|'''e · œ'''<br />{{IPA|/e/ · /ø/<br />[e̞] · [ø̞]}}
|'''o'''<br />[o̞]
|'''o'''<br />{{IPA|/o/<br />[o̞]}}
|'''ǣ · œ̄'''<br />[e̞ː · ø̞ː]
|'''ǣ · œ̄'''<br />{{IPA|/eː/ · /øː/<br />[e̞ː] · [ø̞ː]}}
|'''ǭ'''<br />[o̞ː]
|'''ǭ'''<br />{{IPA|/oː/<br />[o̞ː]}}
!'''Mid-to-'''
!'''Mid-to-'''
|'''œu'''<br />[œy̑]
|'''œu'''<br />/{{IPA|øy̑/<br />[œy̑]}}
|'''eu'''<br />[ɛu̯]
|'''eu''','''ew'''<br />{{IPA|/eu̯/<br />[ɛu̯]}}
|-
|-
!'''Open'''
!'''Open'''
|
|colspan=2|'''a'''<br />{{IPA|/a/<br />[ä]}}
|'''a'''<br />[ɑ]
|colspan=2|'''ā'''<br />{{IPA|/aː/<br />[äː]}}
|
|'''ā'''<br />[ɑː]
!'''Open-to-'''
!'''Open-to-'''
|'''ē'''<br />[ai̯]
|'''ē'''<br />{{IPA|/ai̯/}}
|'''ō''', '''au'''<br />[au̯]
|'''ō''','''au''','''aw'''<br />{{IPA|/au̯/}}
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
''(Pardon the compactified consonant table. I know it doesn't quite all line up “properly,” but it does make more sense this way as regards the Valthungian language. If in doubt, rely on the transcription and not the row or column.)''
''(Pardon the compactified consonant table. It doesn't quite line up “properly,” but it does make more sense this way as regards the Valthungian language. If in doubt, rely on the transcription and not the row or column.)''


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
Line 375: Line 364:
|-
|-
!'''Plosive'''
!'''Plosive'''
|'''p · b'''<br />[p~pʰ · b]
|'''p · b'''<br />{{IPA|/p ­· b/<br />[p~pʰ · b]}}
|'''t · d'''<br />[t̪~t̪ʰ · d̪]
|'''t · d'''<br />{{IPA|/t · d/<br />[t̪~t̪ʰ · d̪]}}
|
|
|'''č · ǧ'''<br />[ʨ · ʥ]
|'''č · ǧ'''<br />{{IPA|/ʧ · ʤ/<br />[ʨ · ʥ]}}
|'''k · g'''<br />[k~kʰ · ɡ]
|'''k · g'''<br />{{IPA|/k · ɡ/<br />[k~kʰ · ɡ]}}
|-
|-
!'''Nasal'''
!'''Nasal'''
|''' · m'''<br />[m]
|''' · m'''<br />{{IPA|/m/}}<br />&nbsp;
|''' · n'''<br />[n̪]
|''' · n'''<br />{{IPA|/n/<br />[n̪]}}
|
|
|
|
|''' · n'''<ref>Before ⟨g⟩ or ⟨k⟩.</ref><br />[ŋ]
|''' · n'''<ref>Before ⟨g⟩ or ⟨k⟩.</ref><br />{{IPA|/ŋ/}}<br />&nbsp;
|-
|-
!'''Fricative'''
!'''Fricative'''
|'''f · v'''<br />[f · v]
|'''f · v'''<br />{{IPA|/f · v/}}<br />&nbsp;
|'''ð · þ'''<br />[ð · θ]
|'''ð · þ'''<br />{{IPA|/ð · θ/}}<br />&nbsp;
|'''s ·'''<br />[s]
|'''s ·'''<br />{{IPA|/s/}}<br />&nbsp;
|'''š · ž'''<br />[ɕ · ʑ]
|'''š · ž'''<br />{{IPA|ʃ · ʒ/<br />[ɕ · ʑ]}}
|'''h ·'''<br />[h~x]
|'''h ·'''<br />{{IPA|/h/<br />[h~x]}}
|-
|-
!'''Approximant'''
!'''Approximant'''
|''' · w/u'''<br />[w~v]
|''' · w'''<br />{{IPA|/w/<br />[w~ʋ]}}
|''' · l'''<br />[l̪]
|''' · l'''<br />{{IPA|/l/<br />[l̪]}}
|''' · r'''<br />[r~ɾ]
|''' · r'''<br />{{IPA|/r/<br />[r~ɾ]}}
|''' · j'''<br />[j]
|''' · j'''<br />{{IPA|/j/}}<br />&nbsp;
|
|
|}
|}
Line 801: Line 790:


====''[[Contionary: als#Valthungian|als]]'' ‘all’====
====''[[Contionary: als#Valthungian|als]]'' ‘all’====
This determiner is inflectionally a little interesting because it has evolved an insertive /d/ in parts of the inflection due to changes to the geminates in [[Old Valthungian]]. When ''[[Contionary: als#Valthungian|als]]'' is used in conjunction with another determiner, it is declined as a weak adjective and has the meaning of ‘entire’ or ‘complete’.
When ''[[Contionary: als#Valthungian|als]]'' is used in conjunction with another determiner, it is declined as a weak adjective and has the meaning of ‘entire’ or ‘complete’.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
Line 815: Line 804:
!style="text-align:right;"| masc.sg  
!style="text-align:right;"| masc.sg  
| als
| als
|rowspan=2| adlis
|rowspan=2| aulis
|rowspan=2| adlatma
|rowspan=2| aulatma
| adlan
| aulan
|-
|-
!style="text-align:right;"| neu.sg   
!style="text-align:right;"| neu.sg   
Line 824: Line 813:
|-
|-
!style="text-align:right;"| fem.sg   
!style="text-align:right;"| fem.sg   
|rowspan=3| adla
|rowspan=3| aula
| adlažis
| aulažis
|colspan=2| adla
|colspan=2| aula
|-
|-
!style="text-align:right;"| masc.pl  
!style="text-align:right;"| masc.pl  
|rowspan=3| adlaža
|rowspan=3| aulaža
|rowspan=3| adlam
|rowspan=3| aulam
| adlans
| aulans
|-
|-
!style="text-align:right;"| neu.pl   
!style="text-align:right;"| neu.pl   
| adla
| aula
|-
|-
!style="text-align:right;"| fem.pl   
!style="text-align:right;"| fem.pl   
| adlas
| aulas
| adlas
| aulas
|}
|}


Line 1,883: Line 1,872:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
|-
|-
! !!width=100px| # !!width=100px| 1# !!width=100px| 2# ||width=100px| #0 !!width=100px| #00 !!width=100px| #000 !!width=100px| #000
! !!width=100px| # !!width=150px| 1# !!width=100px| 2# ||width=100px| #0 !!width=100px| #00 !!width=100px| #000 !!width=100px| #000
|-
|-
!  0  
!  0  
| nīþun || tǣjun (tǣn) || tuǣtiǧis|| ''‑tiǧis''|| ''tēhund'' || ''þūsunde'' || ''‑ljǭn''
| nīþun || tǣjun (tǣn) || tuǣ tiǧis|| ''tiǧis''|| ''tēhund'' || ''þūsunde'' || ''‑ljǭn''
|-
|-
!  1  
!  1  
| ([[Valthungian#Singular_.28.E2.80.98one.E2.80.99.29|ǣns]]) || ǣndlif || tuǣtiǧis ǣns|| ''tǣjun'' || ǣn hund || ǣna þūsunde || miljǭn
| ([[Valthungian#Singular_.28.E2.80.98one.E2.80.99.29|ǣns]]) || ǣndlif || tuǣ tiǧis ǣns|| ''tǣjun'' || ǣn hund || ǣna þūsunde || miljǭn
|-
|-
!  2  
!  2  
| ([[Valthungian#Dual_.28.E2.80.98two.2C_both.E2.80.99.29|tuǣ]]) || tualif || tuǣtiǧi tuǣ|| tuǣtiǧis || tuā hunda || tuōs þūsunǧis || biljǭn
| ([[Valthungian#Dual_.28.E2.80.98two.2C_both.E2.80.99.29|tuǣ]]) || tualif || tuǣ tiǧi tuǣ|| tuǣ tiǧis || tuā hunda || tuōs þūsunǧis || biljǭn
|-
|-
!  3  
!  3  
| ([[Valthungian#Trial_.28.E2.80.98three.2C_all_three.E2.80.99.29|þrīs]]) || þrižatǣn || tuǣtiǧi þrīs|| þrīstiǧis || þrī hunda || þrīs þūsunǧis || þriljǭn
| ([[Valthungian#Trial_.28.E2.80.98three.2C_all_three.E2.80.99.29|þrīs]]) || þrigatǣn (þrižatǣn), ig || tuǣ tiǧi þrīs|| þrīs tiǧis || þrī hunda || þrīs þūsunǧis || þriljǭn
|-
|-
!  4  
!  4  
| fiður (fiðra) || fiðratǣn || tuǣtiǧi fiður|| fiðratiǧis || fiður hunda || fiður þūsunǧis || fiðriljǭn
| fiður (fiðra) || fiðratǣn || tuǣ tiǧi fiður|| fiðra tiǧis || fiður hunda || fiður þūsunǧis || fiðriljǭn
|-
|-
!  5  
!  5  
| fim || fimfatǣn || tuǣtiǧi fim|| fimtiǧis || fim hunda || fim þūsunǧis || fimfiljǭn
| fim || fimfatǣn || tuǣ tiǧi fim|| fim tiǧis || fim hunda || fim þūsunǧis || fimfiljǭn
|-
|-
!  6  
!  6  
| sǣs || sǣstatǣn || tuǣtiǧi sǣs|| sǣstiǧis || sǣs hunda || sǣs þūsunǧis || sǣsiljǭn
| sǣs || sǣstatǣn || tuǣ tiǧi sǣs|| sǣs tiǧis || sǣs hunda || sǣs þūsunǧis || sǣsiljǭn
|-
|-
!  7  
!  7  
| sivun (sivna) || sivnatǣn || tuǣtiǧi sivun|| sivnatiǧis || sivun hunda || sivun þūsunǧis || sivniljǭn
| sivun (sivna) || sivuntǣn || tuǣ tiǧi sivun|| sivun tiǧis || sivun hunda || sivun þūsunǧis || sivniljǭn
|-
|-
!  8  
!  8  
| āta (āt) || ātatǣn || tuǣtiǧis āta|| ātatiǧis || āta hunda || āta þūsunǧis || ātatiljǭn
| āta (āt) || ātatǣn || tuǣ tiǧis āta|| āta tiǧis || āta hunda || āta þūsunǧis || ātatiljǭn
|-
|-
!  9  
!  9  
| njun || njunatǣn || tuǣtiǧi njun|| njuntiǧis || njun hunda || njun þūsunǧis || njuniljǭn
| njun || niðatǣn, iþ || tuǣ tiǧi njun|| njun tiǧis || njun hunda || njun þūsunǧis || njuniljǭn
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 1,921: Line 1,910:
The number ‘four’ is ''fiður'', where we would normally expect **''fidur'' through regular sound change (specifically, the change of /d/ to /ð/ would normally be blocked by the following /w/ in ''*fidwōr''). There is also a further lenited form of ''fiðra'', which is optional when it stands alone, but standard in compounds. (Gothic also had two versions of ‘four’: ''fidwōr'' and a compound form ''fidur''.)
The number ‘four’ is ''fiður'', where we would normally expect **''fidur'' through regular sound change (specifically, the change of /d/ to /ð/ would normally be blocked by the following /w/ in ''*fidwōr''). There is also a further lenited form of ''fiðra'', which is optional when it stands alone, but standard in compounds. (Gothic also had two versions of ‘four’: ''fidwōr'' and a compound form ''fidur''.)


The number ‘seven’ has the expected form of ''sivun'', but also a lenited form of ''sivna'', again, required in compounds but otherwise optional. ‘Eight’ is ''āta'', but may optionally be lenited to ''āt''. (This is a newer innovation, and is not considered to be correct in writing.) Finally ‘ten’ is ''tǣjun'' or lenited ''tǣn'', the latter being used exclusively in the “teen” numbers.
The number ‘seven’ has the expected form of ''sivun'', but also a lenited form of ''sivna'', again, common in compounds but otherwise optional. ‘Eight’ is ''āta'', but may optionally be lenited to ''āt''. (This is a newer innovation, and is not considered to be correct in writing.) Finally ‘ten’ is ''tǣjun'' or lenited ''tǣn'', the latter being used exclusively in the “teen” numbers.


For compounding numbers, Griutungi and Gothic separated each of the number’s components with the word ''jah'' (‘and’, now ''jā''), but Valthungian has dispensed with this and now uses ''i'' – possibly a shortened form of ''jā'' – only before the last component. For numbers ending with ''‑tiǧis'', a further contraction has become standard, and the new suffix is shortened to ''‑tiǧi'', e.g. ''þrīstiǧi fim'' ‘thirty-five’. ''Hund'' becomes ''hundi'' and ''hunda'' is also contracted to ''hund·i'', ''þūsunde'' to ''þūsund·i'', and ''þūsunǧis'' to ''þūsunǧi''. (Note the lack of apostrophic interpunct in ''‑tiǧi'', ''hundi'', and ''þūsunǧi''.) No ''‑i‑'' is added before numbers beginning with a vowel, i.e. ''ǣn‑'' and ''āta''.  
For compounding numbers, Griutungi and Gothic separated each of the number’s components with the word ''jah'' (‘and’, now ''jā''), but Valthungian has dispensed with this and now uses ''i'' – possibly a shortened form of ''jā'' – only before the last component. For numbers ending with ''tiǧis'', a further contraction has become standard, and the new suffix is shortened to ''tiǧi'', e.g. ''þrīs tiǧi fim'' ‘thirty-five’. ''Hund'' becomes ''hundi'' and ''hunda'' is also contracted to ''hund·i'', ''þūsunde'' to ''þūsund·i'', and ''þūsunǧis'' to ''þūsunǧi''. (Note the lack of apostrophic interpunct in ''tiǧi'', ''hundi'', and ''þūsunǧi''.) No ''‑i‑'' is added before numbers beginning with a vowel, i.e. ''ǣn‑'' and ''āta''.  


Number terms higher than ‘thousand’ are ostensibly borrowed from Latin, though they contain their own Germanic innovations, e.g. ''þriljǭn'' ‘trillion’, ''fiðriljǭn'' ‘quadrillion’, ''fimfiljǭn'' ‘quintillion’, instead of the expected **''triljǭn'', **''kuaðriljǭn'', and **''kuintiljǭn''.
Number terms higher than ‘thousand’ are ostensibly borrowed from Latin, though they contain their own Germanic innovations, e.g. ''þriljǭn'' ‘trillion’, ''fiðriljǭn'' ‘quadrillion’, ''fimfiljǭn'' ‘quintillion’, instead of the expected **''triljǭn'', **''kuaðriljǭn'', and **''kuintiljǭn''.
Line 2,041: Line 2,030:
| sivunþis
| sivunþis
| seven times
| seven times
| sivna dǣlaro
| sivun dǣlaro
| seventh
| seventh
|-
|-
Line 2,090: Line 2,079:
|-
|-
! 13  
! 13  
| þrižatǣnþs
| þrigatǣnþs
| þrižatǣnþa
| þrigatǣnþa
| thirteenth  
| thirteenth  
| þrižatǣnþis
| þrigatǣnþis
| thirteen times
| thirteen times
| þrižatǣjun dǣlaro
| þrigatǣjun dǣlaro
| thirteenth
| thirteenth
|-
|-
! 20  
! 20  
| tuǣtiǧist
| tuǣ tiǧist
| tuǣtiǧista
| tuǣ tiǧista
| twentieth  
| twentieth  
| tuǣtiǧistis
| tuǣ tiǧistis
| twenty times
| twenty times
| tuǣtiǧa dǣlaro
| tuǣtiǧa dǣlaro
Line 2,137: Line 2,126:


===Alternative Numbers===
===Alternative Numbers===
The Gothic number system, modeled after the Greek system (in turn modeled after the Hebrew), which used the letters of the alphabet instead of separate unique characters, continued to be used well into the middle ages ([[Middle Valthungian]]), and certain taboo numbers came to be called by their character representation rather than their numeric form.  Primarily among these numbers was ‘13’, which was written in Gothic as ''·ig·''.  This also occurred with the numbers ‘113’ (''rig''), ‘213’ (''sig''), ‘313’ (''tig''), ‘413’ (''wig''), and ‘513’ (''fig''). (This was not mirrored in the higher numbers of the hundreds, because most of those combinations would have been unpronounceable.)
The Gothic number system, modeled after the Greek system (in turn modeled after the Hebrew), which used the letters of the alphabet instead of separate unique characters, continued to be used well into the middle ages ([[Middle Valthungian]]), and certain taboo numbers came to be called by their character representation rather than their numeric form.  Primary among these numbers were ‘13’ and ‘19’, which were written in Gothic as ''·ig·'' and ''·iþ·'', respectively.  This also occurred with the numbers ‘113’ (''rig''), ‘119’ (''riþ''), ‘213’ (''sig''), ‘219’ (''siþ''), ‘313’ (''tig''), ‘319’ (''tiþ''), ‘413’ (''wig''), ‘419’ (''wiþ''), ‘513’ (''fig''), and ‘519’ (''fiþ''). (This was not mirrored in the higher numbers of the hundreds, because most of those combinations would have been unpronounceable.)


The number ‘19’ is also sometimes called ''iþ'' by the same formulation.
Though this seems like a modern form of word-play, it is actually quite ancient. The rendering of ‘19’ as ''iþ'' exerted enough influence on the numeric form from early days that the modern form became ''niðatǣn'' rather than the expected **''njunatǣn''. Similarly, the standard form of ‘13’ is ''þrigatǣn'', though the expected ''þrižatǣn'' is still an accepted alternative.


Certain slang terms have also developed out of this system, in reverse, as it were. For example, the homophony of hortative particle ''iþ'' with the number ''19'' gives rise to a nominal form ''þat njunatǣn'' referring to a duty or obligation. Similarly, a ‘road’ or ‘highway’ is sometimes referred to as a ‘413’ (''fiður-þrižatǣn''), written ''wig'' (the accusative of ''wiǧ'' (‘road’).
Certain slang terms have also developed out of this system, in reverse, as it were. For example, the homophony of hortative particle ''iþ'' with the number ''19'' gives rise to a nominal form ''þat niðatǣn'' referring to a duty or obligation. Similarly, a ‘road’ or ‘highway’ is sometimes referred to as a ‘413’ (''fiður-ig''), written ''wig'' (the accusative of ''wiǧ'' (‘road’).


A much more recent slang term that has evolved from this system is the use of the number ‘843’ to represent the (unpronounceable) letter combination ''·omg·''.
A much more recent slang term that has evolved from this system is the use of the number ‘843’ to represent the (unpronounceable) letter combination ''·omg·''.
Line 2,354: Line 2,343:


The progressive is formed using the auxiliary verb ''sitna'' ‘to sit’ and the preposition ''bī'' ‘by’, followed by the infinitive. (In very formal language, you may encounter ''sitna bi'' followed by the dative of the nominalized form of the verb, e.g. ‘I am drawing’ may be rendered as ''Ik sita bi vrǣtina'' rather than the expected ''Ik sita bi vrǣčin''.
The progressive is formed using the auxiliary verb ''sitna'' ‘to sit’ and the preposition ''bī'' ‘by’, followed by the infinitive. (In very formal language, you may encounter ''sitna bi'' followed by the dative of the nominalized form of the verb, e.g. ‘I am drawing’ may be rendered as ''Ik sita bi vrǣtina'' rather than the expected ''Ik sita bi vrǣčin''.
*''Ū '''sitistu''' njužis '''bi drinkna''' gā?''
*''Hua '''sitistu''' njužis '''bi drinkna''' gā?''
**‘Have you '''been drinking''' again?’
**‘Have you '''been drinking''' again?’
*''Ik '''sita bi skrīvna''' þo bisāt mīna. Raniso '''sitik bi drinkna''' gā.''
*''Ik '''sita bi skrīvna''' þo bisāt mīna. Raniso '''sitik bi drinkna''' gā.''
Line 2,360: Line 2,349:


==Adjectives==
==Adjectives==
In Valthungian, adjectives can be strong or weak (as with adjectives in any Germanic language that declines). The general rule is: If a nouns takes a [[#Determiners|determiner]] (article, possessive<ref>Only when a possessive is used without an article; otherwise the possessive itself is also declined as weak.</ref>, quantifier, &c), its accompanying adjective is weak; otherwise it is strong.  
In Valthungian, adjectives can be strong or weak (as with adjectives in any Germanic language that declines). The general rule is: If a noun takes a [[#Determiners|determiner]] (article, possessive<ref>Only when a possessive is used without an article; otherwise the possessive itself is also declined as weak.</ref>, quantifier, &c), its accompanying adjective is weak; otherwise it is strong.  


Predicative adjectives do not decline; they usually take the form of the strong neuter singular regardless of what they modify.
Predicative adjectives do not decline; they usually take the form of the strong neuter singular regardless of what they modify.
Line 2,371: Line 2,360:
*''vituvne <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">frobúðna</span>'' ‘forbidden knowledge’
*''vituvne <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">frobúðna</span>'' ‘forbidden knowledge’


When paired with a third person possessive (is, ižis, or iža), an adjective also takes the strong declension:
When paired with a third person possessive (is, ižis, or iža), an adjective also takes the strong declension, and the possessive precedes the noun:
*''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">is</span> ražna <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">rǭðat</span>'' ‘his red house’
*''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">is</span> ražna <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">rǭðat</span>'' ‘his red house’
*''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">ižis</span> miðus <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">glitnaþs</span>'' ‘her sparkling mead’
*''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">ižis</span> miðus <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">glitnaþs</span>'' ‘her sparkling mead’
*''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">iža</span> vituvne <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">frobúðna</span>'' ‘their forbidden knowledge’
*''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">iža</span> vituvne <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">frobúðna</span>'' ‘their forbidden knowledge’


When one of the above possessives is used without an adjective, they follow the noun.
When one of the above possessives is used without an adjective, it follows the noun.
*''ražna <span style="background-color:#FF9999;">is</span> ‘his house’
*''ražna <span style="background-color:#FF9999;">is</span> ‘his house’
*''miðus <span style="background-color:#FF9999;">ižis</span> ‘her mead’
*''miðus <span style="background-color:#FF9999;">ižis</span> ‘her mead’
Line 2,457: Line 2,446:


===Swadesh List===
===Swadesh List===
''For those of you who like this sort of thing!''
For those of you who like that sort of thing!
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! &nbsp;
! &nbsp;
!width=200px| Valthungian
!width=200px| Valthungian
!width=150px| English
!width=100px| English
! &nbsp;
! &nbsp;
!width=200px| Valthungian
!width=200px|  
!width=150px| English
!width=100px| English
! &nbsp;
! &nbsp;
!width=200px| Valthungian
!width=200px|  
!width=150px| English
!width=100px| English
|-
|-
! 001
! 001
| '''[[Contionary: ik#Valthungian|ik]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: ik#Valthungian|ik]]'''''
| I
| I
! 070
! 070
| '''[[Contionary: fiðra#Valthungian|fiðra]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: fiðra#Valthungian|fiðra]]''''' (n)
| feather
| feather
! 139
! 139
| '''[[Contionary: reþin#Valthungian|reþin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: reþin#Valthungian|reþin]]'''''
| to count
| to count
|-
|-
! 002
! 002
| '''[[Contionary: þū#Valthungian|þū]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þū#Valthungian|þū]]'''''
| you
| you
! 071
! 071
| '''[[Contionary: hēr#Valthungian|hēr]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: þlāta#Valthungian|þlāta]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: skuft#Valthungian|skuft]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hēr#Valthungian|hēr]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: þlāta#Valthungian|þlāta]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: skuft#Valthungian|skuft]]''''' (n)
| hair (''on head'')
| hair (''on head'')
! 140
! 140
| '''[[Contionary: kwiðna#Valthungian|kuiðna]]''', '''[[Contionary: rœuǧin#Valthungian|rœuǧin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: kwiðna#Valthungian|kwiðna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: rœuǧin#Valthungian|rœuǧin]]'''''
| to say
| to say
|-
|-
! 003
! 003
| '''[[Contionary: is#Valthungian|is]]''' (''m''),  '''[[Contionary: sī#Valthungian|sī]]''' (''f''),  '''[[Contionary: it#Valthungian|it]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: is#Valthungian|is]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: sī#Valthungian|sī]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: it#Valthungian|it]]'''''
| he, she, it
| he, she, it
! 072
! 072
| '''[[Contionary: hǭviþ#Valthungian|hǭviþ]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hǭviþ#Valthungian|hǭviþ]]''''' (n)
| head
| head
! 141
! 141
| '''[[Contionary: singun#Valthungian|singun]]''', '''[[Contionary: hežin#Valthungian|hežin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: singun#Valthungian|singun]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: hežin#Valthungian|hežin]]'''''
| to sing
| to sing
|-
|-
! 004
! 004
| '''[[Contionary: wit#Valthungian|vit]]''' (''du''), '''[[Contionary: wīs#Valthungian|vīs]]''' (''pl'')
| '''''[[Contionary: wit#Valthungian|wit]]''''' (du), '''''[[Contionary: wīs#Valthungian|wīs]]''''' (pl)
| we
| we
! 073
! 073
| '''[[Contionary: hǭsa#Valthungian|hǭsa]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hǭsa#Valthungian|hǭsa]]''''' (n)
| ear
| ear
! 142
! 142
| '''[[Contionary: lǣkna#Valthungian|lǣkna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: lǣkna#Valthungian|lǣkna]]'''''
| to play
| to play
|-
|-
! 005
! 005
| '''[[Contionary: ǧut#Valthungian|ǧut]]''' (''du''), '''[[Contionary: jūs#Valthungian|jūs]]''' (''pl'')
| '''''[[Contionary: žut#Valthungian|žut]]''''' (du), '''''[[Contionary: jūs#Valthungian|jūs]]''''' (pl)
| you
| you
! 074
! 074
| '''[[Contionary: ǭga#Valthungian|ǭga]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: ǭga#Valthungian|ǭga]]''''' (n)
| eye
| eye
! 143
! 143
| '''[[Contionary: þljutna#Valthungian|þljutna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þljutna#Valthungian|þljutna]]'''''
| to float
| to float
|-
|-
! 006
! 006
| '''[[Contionary: īs#Valthungian|īs]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: ižas#Valthungian|ižas]]''' (''f''),  '''[[Contionary: iža#Valthungian|iža]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: īs#Valthungian|īs]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: ižas#Valthungian|ižas]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: iža#Valthungian|iža]]''''' (n)
| they
| they
! 075
! 075
| '''[[Contionary: nasa#Valthungian|nasa]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: nasa#Valthungian|nasa]]''''' (n)
| nose
| nose
! 144
! 144
| '''[[Contionary: ǧusna#Valthungian|ǧusna]]''', '''[[Contionary: þreǧin#Valthungian|þreǧin]]''', '''[[Contionary: ritnan#Valthungian|ritnan]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: ǧusna#Valthungian|ǧusna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: þreǧin#Valthungian|þreǧin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: ritnan#Valthungian|ritnan]]'''''
| to flow
| to flow
|-
|-
! 007
! 007
| '''[[Contionary: his#Valthungian|his]]''' (''m''),  '''[[Contionary: hiža#Valthungian|hiža]]''' (''f''),  '''[[Contionary: hī#Valthungian|hī]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: his#Valthungian|his]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: hiža#Valthungian|hiža]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: hī#Valthungian|hī]]''''' (n)
| this
| this
! 076
! 076
| '''[[Contionary: munþs#Valthungian|munþs]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: munþs#Valthungian|munþs]]''''' (m)
| mouth
| mouth
! 145
! 145
| '''[[Contionary: frjusna#Valthungian|frjusna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: frjusna#Valthungian|frjusna]]'''''
| to freeze
| to freeze
|-
|-
! 008
! 008
| '''[[Contionary: sā#Valthungian|sā]]''' (''m''),  '''[[Contionary: sō#Valthungian|sō]]''' (''f''),  '''[[Contionary: þat#Valthungian|þat]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: sā#Valthungian|sā]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: sō#Valthungian|sō]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: þat#Valthungian|þat]]''''' (n)
| that
| that
! 077
! 077
| '''[[Contionary: tanþus#Valthungian|tanþus]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: tanþus#Valthungian|tanþus]]''''' (m)
| tooth
| tooth
! 146
! 146
| '''[[Contionary: ljuðna#Valthungian|ljuðna]]''', '''[[Contionary: wǣšin#Valthungian|vǣšin]]''', '''[[Contionary: bligna#Valthungian|bligna]]''', '''[[Contionary: suitlan#Valthungian|suitlan]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: ljuðna#Valthungian|ljuðna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: wǣšin#Valthungian|wǣšin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: bligna#Valthungian|bligna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: switlan#Valthungian|switlan]]'''''
| to swell
| to swell
|-
|-
! 009
! 009
| '''[[Contionary: hēr#Valthungian|hēr]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: hēr#Valthungian|hēr]]'''''
| here
| here
! 078
! 078
| '''[[Contionary: tunga#Valthungian|tunga]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: tunga#Valthungian|tunga]]''''' (f)
| tongue
| tongue
! 147
! 147
| '''[[Contionary: sōgila#Valthungian|sōgila]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: sōgila#Valthungian|sōgila]]''''' (f)
| sun
| sun
|-
|-
! 010
! 010
| '''[[Contionary: þar#Valthungian|þar]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þar#Valthungian|þar]]'''''
| there
| there
! 079
! 079
| '''[[Contionary: nagla#Valthungian|nagla]]''' (''n''), '''[[Contionary: klauga#Valthungian|klauga]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: nagla#Valthungian|nagla]]''''' (n), '''''[[Contionary: klauga#Valthungian|klauga]]''''' (f)
| fingernail
| fingernail
! 148
! 148
| '''[[Contionary: mēna#Valthungian|mēna]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: mēna#Valthungian|mēna]]''''' (m)
| moon
| moon
|-
|-
! 011
! 011
| '''[[Contionary: hwas#Valthungian|huas]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: hwōs#Valthungian|huōs]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hwas#Valthungian|hwas]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: hwōs#Valthungian|hwōs]]''''' (f)
| who
| who
! 080
! 080
| '''[[Contionary: fōts#Valthungian|fōts]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: fōts#Valthungian|fōts]]''''' (f)
| foot
| foot
! 149
! 149
| '''[[Contionary: strena#Valthungian|strena]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: strena#Valthungian|strena]]''''' (f)
| star
| star
|-
|-
! 012
! 012
| '''[[Contionary: hwat#Valthungian|huat]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hwat#Valthungian|hwat]]''''' (n)
| what
| what
! 081
! 081
| '''[[Contionary: anke#Valthungian|anke]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: anke#Valthungian|anke]]''''' (f)
| leg
| leg
! 150
! 150
| '''[[Contionary: watra#Valthungian|vatra]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: watra#Valthungian|watra]]''''' (n)
| water
| water
|-
|-
! 013
! 013
| '''[[Contionary: hwar#Valthungian|huar]]''' (''int''), '''[[Contionary: hweri#Valthungian|hueri]]''' (''rel'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hwar#Valthungian|hwar]]''''' (int), '''''[[Contionary: hweri#Valthungian|hweri]]''''' (rel)
| where
| where
! 082
! 082
| '''[[Contionary: knio#Valthungian|knio]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: knio#Valthungian|knio]]''''' (n)
| knee
| knee
! 151
! 151
| '''[[Contionary: rigna#Valthungian|rigna]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: rigna#Valthungian|rigna]]''''' (n)
| rain
| rain
|-
|-
! 014
! 014
| '''[[Contionary: hwan#Valthungian|huan]]''' (''int''), '''[[Contionary: þeni#Valthungian|þeni ]]''' (''rel'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hwan#Valthungian|hwan]]''''' (int), '''''[[Contionary: þeni#Valthungian|þeni]]''''' (rel)
| when
| when
! 083
! 083
| '''[[Contionary: handus#Valthungian|handus]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: handus#Valthungian|handus]]''''' (f)
| hand
| hand
! 152
! 152
| '''[[Contionary: þlōðus#Valthungian|þlōðus]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: flūma#Valthungian|flūma]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: þlōðus#Valthungian|þlōðus]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: flūma#Valthungian|flūma]]''''' (f)
| river
| river
|-
|-
! 015
! 015
| '''[[Contionary: hwē#Valthungian|huē]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: hwē#Valthungian|hwē]]'''''
| how
| how
! 084
! 084
| '''[[Contionary: þljuðre#Valthungian|þljuðre]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: þljuðre#Valthungian|þljuðre]]''''' (n)
| wing
| wing
! 153
! 153
| '''[[Contionary: lagus#Valthungian|lagus]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: mare#Valthungian|mare]]''' (''n''), '''[[Contionary: marisǣjus#Valthungian|marisǣjus]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: lagus#Valthungian|lagus]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: mare#Valthungian|mare]]''''' (n), '''''[[Contionary: marisǣjus#Valthungian|marisǣjus]]''''' (m)
| lake
| lake
|-
|-
! 016
! 016
| '''[[Contionary: ni#Valthungian|ni]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: ni#Valthungian|ni]]'''''
| not
| not
! 085
! 085
| '''[[Contionary: wamba#Valthungian|vamba]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: būks#Valthungian|būks]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: wamba#Valthungian|wamba]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: būks#Valthungian|būks]]''''' (m)
| belly, abdomen
| belly, abdomen
! 154
! 154
| '''[[Contionary: sǣjus#Valthungian|sǣjus]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: sǣjus#Valthungian|sǣjus]]''''' (m)
| sea
| sea
|-
|-
! 017
! 017
| '''[[Contionary: als#Valthungian|als]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: als#Valthungian|als]]''''' (gen. ''aulis'')
| all
| all
! 086
! 086
| '''[[Contionary: hreðra#Valthungian|hreðra]]''' (''n''), '''[[Contionary: instra#Valthungian|instra]]''' (''n''), '''[[Contionary: þrams#Valthungian|þrams]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hreðra#Valthungian|hreðra]]''''' (n) '''''[[Contionary: instra#Valthungian|instra]]''''' (n), '''''[[Contionary: þrams#Valthungian|þrams]]''''' (m)
| guts, entrails
| guts, entrails
! 155
! 155
| '''[[Contionary: slat*#Valthungian|slat*]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: lank#Valthungian|lank]]''''' (n)
| salt
| salt
|-
|-
! 018
! 018
| '''[[Contionary: filus#Valthungian|filus]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: filus#Valthungian|filus]]'''''
| many
| many
! 087
! 087
| '''[[Contionary: hlas#Valthungian|hlas]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: þnāka#Valthungian|þnāka]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: haus#Valthungian|haus]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: þnāka#Valthungian|þnāka]]''''' (m)
| neck
| neck
! 156
! 156
| '''[[Contionary: stǣns#Valthungian|stǣns]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: hadlus#Valthungian|hadlus]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: stǣns#Valthungian|stǣns]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: hatlus#Valthungian|hatlus]]''''' (m)
| stone
| stone
|-
|-
! 019
! 019
| '''[[Contionary: sums#Valthungian|sums]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: sums#Valthungian|sums]]'''''
| some
| some
! 088
! 088
| '''[[Contionary: þryǧis#Valthungian|þryǧis]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: þryǧis#Valthungian|þryǧis]]''''' (m)
| back
| back
! 157
! 157
| '''[[Contionary: blama#Valthungian|blama]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: mauma#Valthungian|mauma]]''''' (m)
| sand
| sand
|-
|-
! 020
! 020
| '''[[Contionary: fǭs#Valthungian|fǭs]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: fǭs#Valthungian|fǭs]]''''' (gen. faugis)
| few
| few
! 089
! 089
| '''[[Contionary: bōsmas#Valthungian|bōsmas]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: tīča#Valthungian|tīča]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: bōsmas#Valthungian|bōsmas]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: tīča#Valthungian|tīča]]''''' (f)
| breast
| breast
! 158
! 158
| '''[[Contionary: pulus#Valthungian|pulus]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: stybis#Valthungian|stybis]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: pulus#Valthungian|pulus]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: stybis#Valthungian|stybis]]''''' (m)
| dust
| dust
|-
|-
! 021
! 021
| '''[[Contionary: elis#Valthungian|elis]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: elis#Valthungian|elis]]'''''
| other
| other
! 090
! 090
| '''[[Contionary: hreta#Valthungian|hreta]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hreta#Valthungian|hreta]]''''' (n)
| heart
| heart
! 159
! 159
| '''[[Contionary: reða#Valthungian|reða]]''' (''f''),  '''[[Contionary: bluða#Valthungian|bluða]]''' (''f''),  '''[[Contionary: sœ̄lia#Valthungian|sœ̄lia]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: reða#Valthungian|reða]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: muiða#Valthungian|muiða]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: sœ̄lia#Valthungian|sœ̄lia]]''''' (f)
| earth, soil, dirt
| earth, soil, dirt
|-
|-
! 022
! 022
| '''[[Contionary: ǣns#Valthungian|ǣns]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: ǣna#Valthungian|ǣna]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: ǣn#Valthungian|ǣn]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: ǣns#Valthungian|ǣns]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: ǣna#Valthungian|ǣna]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: ǣn#Valthungian|ǣn]]''''' (n)
| one
| one
! 091
! 091
| '''[[Contionary: ǧikur#Valthungian|ǧikur]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: ǧikur#Valthungian|ǧikur]]''''' (n)
| liver
| liver
! 160
! 160
| '''[[Contionary: blīma#Valthungian|blīma]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: miuma#Valthungian|miuma]]''''' (m)
| cloud
| cloud
|-
|-
! 023
! 023
| '''[[Contionary: twǣ#Valthungian|tuǣ]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: twōs#Valthungian|tuōs]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: twā#Valthungian|tuā]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: twǣ#Valthungian|twǣ]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: twōs#Valthungian|twōs]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: twā#Valthungian|twā]]''''' (n)
| two
| two
! 092
! 092
| '''[[Contionary: drinkna#Valthungian|drinkna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: drinkna#Valthungian|drinkna]]'''''
| to drink
| to drink
! 161
! 161
| '''[[Contionary: nivula#Valthungian|nivula]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: nivuls#Valthungian|nivuls]]''''' (n)
| fog, mist
| fog, mist
|-
|-
! 024
! 024
| '''[[Contionary: þrīs#Valthungian|þrīs]]''' (''m, f''), '''[[Contionary: þriža#Valthungian|þriža]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: þrīs#Valthungian|þrīs]]''''' (m/f), '''''[[Contionary: þriža#Valthungian|þriža]]''''' (n)
| three
| three
! 093
! 093
| '''[[Contionary: itna#Valthungian|itna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: itna#Valthungian|itna]]'''''
| to eat
| to eat
! 162
! 162
| '''[[Contionary: himins#Valthungian|himins]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: himins#Valthungian|himins]]''''' (m)
| sky
| sky
|-
|-
! 025
! 025
| '''[[Contionary: fiður#Valthungian|fiður]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: fiður#Valthungian|fiður]]'''''
| four
| four
! 094
! 094
| '''[[Contionary: bītna#Valthungian|bītna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: bītna#Valthungian|bītna]]'''''
| to bite
| to bite
! 163
! 163
| '''[[Contionary: winǧ#Valthungian|vinǧ]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: windis#Valthungian|windis]]''''' (m)
| wind
| wind
|-
|-
! 026
! 026
| '''[[Contionary: fim#Valthungian|fim]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: fim#Valthungian|fim]]'''''
| five
| five
! 095
! 095
| '''[[Contionary: sūgna#Valthungian|sūgna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: sūgna#Valthungian|sūgna]]'''''
| to suck
| to suck
! 164
! 164
| '''[[Contionary: snǣjus#Valthungian|snǣjus]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: snǣjus#Valthungian|snǣjus]]''''' (m)
| snow
| snow
|-
|-
! 027
! 027
| '''[[Contionary: grǭts#Valthungian|grǭts]]''', '''[[Contionary: lǭþs#Valthungian|lǭþs]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: grǭts#Valthungian|grǭts]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: lǭþs#Valthungian|lǭþs]]'''''
| big, large
| big, large
! 096
! 096
| '''[[Contionary: spījugna#Valthungian|spījugna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: spījugna#Valthungian|spījugna]]'''''
| to spit
| to spit
! 165
! 165
| '''[[Contionary: īs#Valthungian|īs]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: īs#Valthungian|īs]]''''' (n)
| ice
| ice
|-
|-
! 028
! 028
| '''[[Contionary: lengis#Valthungian|lengis]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: langis#Valthungian|langis]]'''''
| long
| long
! 097
! 097
| '''[[Contionary: ǧukurépna#Valthungian|ǧukurépna]]''', '''[[Contionary: kesčin#Valthungian|kesčin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: žukurépna#Valthungian|žukurépna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: kesčin#Valthungian|kesčin]]'''''
| to vomit
| to vomit
! 166
! 166
| '''[[Contionary: rǭks#Valthungian|rǭks]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: rǭks#Valthungian|rǭks]]''''' (m)
| smoke
| smoke
|-
|-
! 029
! 029
| '''[[Contionary: brǣþs#Valthungian|brǣþs]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: brǣþs#Valthungian|brǣþs]]'''''
| wide, broad
| wide, broad
! 098
! 098
| '''[[Contionary: wǣžin#Valthungian|vǣžin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: wǣžin#Valthungian|wǣžin]]'''''
| to blow
| to blow
! 167
! 167
| '''[[Contionary: fōr#Valthungian|fōr]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: fǭr#Valthungian|fǭr]]''''' (n)
| fire
| fire
|-
|-
! 030
! 030
| '''[[Contionary: þikus#Valthungian|þikus]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þikus#Valthungian|þikus]]'''''
| thick
| thick
! 099
! 099
| '''[[Contionary: anan#Valthungian|anan]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: anan#Valthungian|anan]]'''''
| to breathe
| to breathe
! 168
! 168
| '''[[Contionary: aska#Valthungian|aska]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: aska#Valthungian|aska]]''''' (f)
| ash, ashes
| ash, ashes
|-
|-
! 031
! 031
| '''[[Contionary: korus#Valthungian|korus]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: korus#Valthungian|korus]]'''''
| heavy
| heavy
! 100
! 100
| '''[[Contionary: þlǣšin#Valthungian|þlǣšin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þlǣšin#Valthungian|þlǣšin]]'''''
| to laugh
| to laugh
! 169
! 169
| '''[[Contionary: britnan#Valthungian|britnan]]''', '''[[Contionary: bretnin#Valthungian|bretnin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: britnan#Valthungian|britnan]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: bretnin#Valthungian|bretnin]]'''''
| burn
| to burn
|-
|-
! 032
! 032
| '''[[Contionary: līts#Valthungian|līts]]''', '''[[Contionary: lītils#Valthungian|lītils]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: līts#Valthungian|līts]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: lītils#Valthungian|lītils]]'''''
| small, little
| small, little
! 101
! 101
| '''[[Contionary: sǣjun#Valthungian|sǣjun]]''', '''[[Contionary: wlītna#Valthungian|vlītna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: sǣjun#Valthungian|sǣjun]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: wlītna#Valthungian|wlītna]]'''''
| to see
| to see
! 170
! 170
| '''[[Contionary: stǣga#Valthungian|stǣga]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: gatua#Valthungian|gatua]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: pleča#Valthungian|pleča]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: wiǧ#Valthungian|viǧ]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: 413#Valthungian|413]]''' (''n''), '''[[Contionary: fordore#Valthungian|fordore]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: stǣga#Valthungian|stǣga]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: gatua#Valthungian|gatua]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: pleča#Valthungian|pleča]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: wigis#Valthungian|wigis]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: 413#Valthungian|413]]''''' (n), '''''[[Contionary: fordore#Valthungian|fordore]]''''' (n)
| path, road, trail
| path, road, trail
|-
|-
! 033
! 033
| '''[[Contionary: skrots#Valthungian|skrots]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: skrots#Valthungian|skrots]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: brogus#Valthungian|brogus]]''''' (''!long''), '''''[[Contionary: līs#Valthungian|līs]]''''' (''!tall'')
| short
| short
! 102
! 102
| '''[[Contionary: hœ̄šin#Valthungian|hœ̄šin]]''', '''[[Contionary: anhœ̄šin#Valthungian|anhœ̄šin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: hœ̄šin#Valthungian|hœ̄šin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: anhœ̄šin#Valthungian|anhœ̄šin]]'''''
| to hear
| to hear
! 171
! 171
| '''[[Contionary: breǧ#Valthungian|breǧ]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: fregune#Valthungian|fregune]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: bregis#Valthungian|bregis]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: fregune#Valthungian|fregune]]''''' (n)
| mountain
| mountain
|-
|-
! 034
! 034
| '''[[Contionary: angus#Valthungian|angus]]''', '''[[Contionary: þrǣns#Valthungian|þrǣns]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: angus#Valthungian|angus]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: þrǣns#Valthungian|þrǣns]]'''''
| narrow
| narrow
! 103
! 103
| '''[[Contionary: witna#Valthungian|vitna]]''', '''[[Contionary: kutnan#Valthungian|kutnan]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: witna#Valthungian|witna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: kutnan#Valthungian|kutnan]]'''''
| to know
| to know
! 172
! 172
| '''[[Contionary: rōþs#Valthungian|rōþs]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: rǭþs#Valthungian|rǭþs]]'''''
| red
| red
|-
|-
! 035
! 035
| '''[[Contionary: þutnus#Valthungian|þutnus]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þutnus#Valthungian|þutnus]]'''''
| thin
| thin
! 104
! 104
| '''[[Contionary: hyǧin#Valthungian|hyǧin]]''', '''[[Contionary: þenčin#Valthungian|þenčin]]''', '''[[Contionary: mitan#Valthungian|mitan]]''', '''[[Contionary: munan#Valthungian|munan]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: hyǧin#Valthungian|hyǧin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: þenčin#Valthungian|þenčin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: mitan#Valthungian|mitan]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: munan#Valthungian|munan]]'''''
| to think
| to think
! 173
! 173
| '''[[Contionary: grœunis#Valthungian|grœunis]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: grœunis#Valthungian|grœunis]]'''''
| green
| green
|-
|-
! 036
! 036
| '''[[Contionary: kwina#Valthungian|kuina]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: kwina#Valthungian|kwina]]''''' (f)
| woman
| woman
! 105
! 105
| '''[[Contionary: dœ̄nin#Valthungian|dœ̄nin]]''' (''trs''), '''[[Contionary: stinkun#Valthungian|stinkun]]''' (''intr'')
| '''''[[Contionary: dœ̄nin#Valthungian|dœ̄nin]]''''' (trs), '''''[[Contionary: stinkun#Valthungian|stinkun]]''''' (intr)
| to smell
| to smell
! 174
! 174
| '''[[Contionary: gilus#Valthungian|gilus]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: gilus#Valthungian|gilus]]'''''
| yellow
| yellow
|-
|-
! 037
! 037
| '''[[Contionary: wer#Valthungian|ver]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: wer#Valthungian|wer]]''''' (m)
| man
| man
! 106
! 106
| '''[[Contionary: frœ̄čin#Valthungian|frœ̄čin]]''', '''[[Contionary: ōgna#Valthungian|ōgna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: frœ̄čin#Valthungian|frœ̄čin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: ōgna#Valthungian|ōgna]]'''''
| to fear
| to fear
! 175
! 175
| '''[[Contionary: hwīts#Valthungian|huīts]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: hwīts#Valthungian|hwīts]]'''''
| white
| white
|-
|-
! 038
! 038
| '''[[Contionary: guma#Valthungian|guma]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: matna#Valthungian|matna]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: ljuþs#Valthungian|ljuþs]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: guma#Valthungian|guma]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: matna#Valthungian|matna]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: ljuþs#Valthungian|ljuþs]]''''' (f)
| person
| person
! 107
! 107
| '''[[Contionary: kuižin#Valthungian|kuižin]]''', '''[[Contionary: livna#Valthungian|livna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: slēpna#Valthungian|slēpna]]'''''
| to sleep
| to sleep
! 176
! 176
| '''[[Contionary: strauks#Valthungian|strauks]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: strauks#Valthungian|strauks]]'''''
| black
| black
|-
|-
! 039
! 039
| '''[[Contionary: bran#Valthungian|bran]]''' (''n''), '''[[Contionary: kliþ#Valthungian|kliþ]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: bran#Valthungian|bran]]''''' (n), '''''[[Contionary: kliþ#Valthungian|kliþ]]''''' (n)
| child
| child
! 108
! 108
| '''[[Contionary: slēpna#Valthungian|slēpna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: kwižin#Valthungian|kwižin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: bǭgna#Valthungian|bǭgna]]'''''
| to live
| to live
! 177
! 177
| '''[[Contionary: nāts#Valthungian|nāts]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: nāts#Valthungian|nāts]]''''' (f)
| night
| night
|-
|-
! 040
! 040
| '''[[Contionary: kwēns#Valthungian|kuēns]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: kwēns#Valthungian|kwēns]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: waðare#Valthungian|waðare]]''''' (f)
| wife
| wife
! 109
! 109
| '''[[Contionary: ǧugna#Valthungian|ǧugna]]''', '''[[Contionary: dǭðnan#Valthungian|dǭðnan]]''', '''[[Contionary: sljutna#Valthungian|sljutna]]''', '''[[Contionary: strevna#Valthungian|strevna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: ǧugna#Valthungian|ǧugna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: dǭðnan#Valthungian|dǭðnan]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: sfiutna#Valthungian|sfiutna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: strevna#Valthungian|strevna]]'''''
| to die
| to die
! 178
! 178
| '''[[Contionary: daǧ#Valthungian|daǧ]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: dagis#Valthungian|dagis]]''''' (m)
| day
| day
|-
|-
! 041
! 041
| '''[[Contionary: ava#Valthungian|ava]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: ava#Valthungian|ava]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: waðaris#Valthungian|waðaris]]''''' (m)
| husband
| husband
! 110
! 110
| '''[[Contionary: avdœ̄þin#Valthungian|(av)]][[Contionary: dœ̄þin#Valthungian|dœ̄þin]]''', '''[[Contionary: afslagun#Valthungian|afslagun]]''', '''[[Contionary: uskwímna#Valthungian|uskuímna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: (av)dœ̄þin#Valthungian|(av)dœ̄þin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: afslagun#Valthungian|afslagun]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: uskwímna#Valthungian|uskwímna]]'''''
| to kill
| to kill
! 179
! 179
| '''[[Contionary: jēr#Valthungian|jēr]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: jēr#Valthungian|jēr]]''''' (n)
| year
| year
|-
|-
! 042
! 042
| '''[[Contionary: mōðra#Valthungian|mōðra]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: ǣði#Valthungian|ǣði]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: mōðra#Valthungian|mōðra]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: ǣði#Valthungian|ǣði]]''''' (f)
| mother
| mother
! 111
! 111
| '''[[Contionary: ǧukna#Valthungian|ǧukna]]''', '''[[Contionary: anþawīstna#Valthungian|(anþa)]][[Contionary: vīstna#Valthungian|vīstna]]''', '''[[Contionary: fǣtna#Valthungian|fǣtna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: ǧukna#Valthungian|ǧukna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: (anþa)wīstna#Valthungian|(anþa)wīstna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: fǣtna#Valthungian|fǣtna]]'''''
| to fight
| to fight
! 180
! 180
| '''[[Contionary: wrams#Valthungian|vrams]]''', '''[[Contionary: hīts#Valthungian|hīts]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: wrams#Valthungian|wrams]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: hīts#Valthungian|hīts]]'''''
| hot (''weather'')
| hot (''weather'')
|-
|-
! 043
! 043
| '''[[Contionary: faðra#Valthungian|faðra]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: āta#Valthungian|āta]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: faðra#Valthungian|faðra]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: āta#Valthungian|āta]]''''' (m)
| father
| father
! 112
! 112
| '''[[Contionary: jagan#Valthungian|jagan]]''', '''[[Contionary: frelǣsčin#Valthungian|frelǣsčin]]''', '''[[Contionary: vǣþin#Valthungian|vǣþin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: jagan#Valthungian|jagan]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: frelǣsčin#Valthungian|frelǣsčin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: wǣþin#Valthungian|wǣþin]]'''''
| to hunt
| to hunt
! 181
! 181
| '''[[Contionary: klaþs#Valthungian|klaþs]]''', '''[[Contionary: kōls#Valthungian|kōls]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: kōls#Valthungian|kōls]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: kauþs#Valthungian|kauþs]]'''''
| cold (''weather'')
| cold (''weather'')
|-
|-
! 044
! 044
| '''[[Contionary: ǧus#Valthungian|ǧus]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: ǧus#Valthungian|ǧus]]''''' (n)
| animal
| animal
! 113
! 113
| '''[[Contionary: slagun#Valthungian|slagun]]''', '''[[Contionary: stǭtna#Valthungian|stǭtna]]''', '''[[Contionary: þningun#Valthungian|þningun]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: slagun#Valthungian|slagun]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: stǭtna#Valthungian|stǭtna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: þningun#Valthungian|þningun]]'''''
| to hit
| to hit
! 182
! 182
| '''[[Contionary: fuls#Valthungian|fuls]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: fuls#Valthungian|fuls]]'''''
| full
| full
|-
|-
! 045
! 045
| '''[[Contionary: fišk#Valthungian|fišk]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: fišk#Valthungian|fišk]]''''' (m)
| fish
| fish
! 114
! 114
| '''[[Contionary: mǣtna#Valthungian|mǣtna]]''', '''[[Contionary: skǣðna#Valthungian|skǣðna]]''', '''[[Contionary: skrežin#Valthungian|skrežin]]''', '''[[Contionary: snīðna#Valthungian|snīðna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: mǣtna#Valthungian|mǣtna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: skǣðna#Valthungian|skǣðna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: skerin#Valthungian|skerin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: snīðna#Valthungian|snīðna]]'''''
| to cut
| to cut
! 183
! 183
| '''[[Contionary: njužis#Valthungian|njužis]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: njužis#Valthungian|njužis]]'''''
| new
| new
|-
|-
! 046
! 046
| '''[[Contionary: fuglas#Valthungian|fuglas]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: fǭls#Valthungian|fǭls]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: fuglas#Valthungian|fuglas]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: fǭls#Valthungian|fǭls]]''''' (m)
| bird
| bird
! 115
! 115
| '''[[Contionary: slīvna#Valthungian|slīvna]]''', '''[[Contionary: kljuvna#Valthungian|kljuvna]]''', '''[[Contionary: splītna#Valthungian|splītna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: slīvna#Valthungian|slīvna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: kljuvna#Valthungian|kljuvna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: splītna#Valthungian|splītna]]'''''
| to split
| to split
! 184
! 184
| '''[[Contionary: grīsis#Valthungian|grīsis]]''', '''[[Contionary: leðis#Valthungian|leðis]]''', '''[[Contionary: frenis#Valthungian|frenis]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: grīsis#Valthungian|grīsis]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: euðis#Valthungian|euðis]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: frenis#Valthungian|frenis]]'''''
| old
| old
|-
|-
! 047
! 047
| '''[[Contionary: hunǧ#Valthungian|hunǧ]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hundis#Valthungian|hundis]]''''' (m)
| dog
| dog
! 116
! 116
| '''[[Contionary: þrǣšin#Valthungian|þrǣšin]]''', '''[[Contionary: stynǧin#Valthungian|stynǧin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þrǣšin#Valthungian|þrǣšin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: stynǧin#Valthungian|stynǧin]]'''''
| to stab, to pierce
| to stab, to pierce
! 185
! 185
| '''[[Contionary: gōþs#Valthungian|gōþs]]''', '''[[Contionary: tils#Valthungian|tils]]''', '''[[Contionary: sēls#Valthungian|sēls]]''', '''[[Contionary: fagra#Valthungian|fagra]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: gōþs#Valthungian|gōþs]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: tils#Valthungian|tils]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: sēls#Valthungian|sēls]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: fagra#Valthungian|fagra]]'''''
| good
| good
|-
|-
! 048
! 048
| '''[[Contionary: lūs#Valthungian|lūs]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: lūs#Valthungian|lūs]]''''' (f)
| louse
| louse
! 117
! 117
| '''[[Contionary: krātan#Valthungian|krātan]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: krātan#Valthungian|krātan]]'''''
| to scratch
| to scratch
! 186
! 186
| '''[[Contionary: uvils#Valthungian|uvils]]''', '''[[Contionary: wams#Valthungian|vams]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: uvils#Valthungian|uvils]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: wams#Valthungian|wams]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: balus#Valthungian|balus]]'''''
| bad
| bad
|-
|-
! 049
! 049
| '''[[Contionary: wroms#Valthungian|vroms]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: naðra#Valthungian|naðra]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: wroms#Valthungian|wroms]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: naðra#Valthungian|naðra]]''''' (m)
| snake
| snake
! 118
! 118
| '''[[Contionary: gravna#Valthungian|gravna]]''', '''[[Contionary: dlivna#Valthungian|dlivna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: gravna#Valthungian|gravna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: diuvna#Valthungian|diuvna]]'''''
| to dig
| to dig
! 187
! 187
| '''[[Contionary: fūls#Valthungian|fūls]]''', '''[[Contionary: wams#Valthungian|vams]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: fūls#Valthungian|fūls]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: wams#Valthungian|wams]]'''''
| rotten
| rotten
|-
|-
! 050
! 050
| '''[[Contionary: maða#Valthungian|maða]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: maða#Valthungian|maða]]''''' (m)
| worm
| worm
! 119
! 119
| '''[[Contionary: suitman#Valthungian|suitman]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: switman#Valthungian|switman]]'''''
| to swim
| to swim
! 188
! 188
| '''[[Contionary: unþrǣns#Valthungian|unþrǣns]]''', '''[[Contionary: sœ̄lins#Valthungian|sœ̄lins]]''', '''[[Contionary: sǭliþs#Valthungian|sǭliþs]]''', '''[[Contionary: fūls#Valthungian|fūls]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: unþrǣns#Valthungian|unþrǣns]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: sœ̄lins#Valthungian|sœ̄lins]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: sǭliþs#Valthungian|sǭliþs]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: fūls#Valthungian|fūls]]'''''
| dirty
| dirty
|-
|-
! 051
! 051
| '''[[Contionary: bagmas#Valthungian|bagmas]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: bagmas#Valthungian|bagmas]]''''' (m)
| tree
| tree
! 120
! 120
| '''[[Contionary: þljugna#Valthungian|þljugna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þljugna#Valthungian|þljugna]]'''''
| to fly
| to fly
! 189
! 189
| '''[[Contionary: drǣts#Valthungian|drǣts]]''', '''[[Contionary: rǣts#Valthungian|rǣts]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: drǣts#Valthungian|drǣts]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: rǣts#Valthungian|rǣts]]'''''
| straight
| straight
|-
|-
! 052
! 052
| '''[[Contionary: wlaðus#Valthungian|vlaðus]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: braus#Valthungian|braus]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: vauðus#Valthungian|vauðus]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: braus#Valthungian|braus]]''''' (m)
| forest, woods
| forest, woods
! 121
! 121
| '''[[Contionary: gangna#Valthungian|gangna]]''', '''[[Contionary: gǣn#Valthungian|gǣn]]''', '''[[Contionary: traþningun#Valthungian|traþningun]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: gangna#Valthungian|gangna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: gǣn#Valthungian|gǣn]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: fœučin#Valthungian|fœučin]]'''''
| to walk
| to walk
! 190
! 190
| '''[[Contionary: hlaufs#Valthungian|hlaufs]]''', '''[[Contionary: hljufs#Valthungian|hljufs]]''', '''[[Contionary: krītus#Valthungian|krītus]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: faufs#Valthungian|faufs]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: fiufs#Valthungian|fiufs]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: krītus#Valthungian|krītus]]'''''
| round
| round
|-
|-
! 053
! 053
| '''[[Contionary: þrunga#Valthungian|þrunga]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: staka#Valthungian|staka]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: stanga#Valthungian|stanga]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: stika#Valthungian|stika]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: tǣns#Valthungian|tǣns]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: walus#Valthungian|valus]]''' (''m''), '''[[Contionary: wandus#Valthungian|vandus]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: þrunga#Valthungian|þrunga]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: stanga#Valthungian|stanga]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: tǣns#Valthungian|tǣns]]''''' (m), '''''[[Contionary: wandus#Valthungian|wandus]]''''' (m)
| stick
| stick
! 122
! 122
| '''[[Contionary: ankwímna#Valthungian|(an)]][[Contionary: kwimna#Valthungian|kuímna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: kwimna#Valthungian|kwimna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: ankwímna#Valthungian|ankwímna]]'''''
| come
| come
! 191
! 191
| '''[[Contionary: huās#Valthungian|huās]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: hwās#Valthungian|hwās]]'''''
| sharp
| sharp
|-
|-
! 054
! 054
| '''[[Contionary: akran#Valthungian|akran]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: akran#Valthungian|akran]]''''' (n)
| fruit
| fruit
! 123
! 123
| '''[[Contionary: ligna#Valthungian|ligna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: ligna#Valthungian|ligna]]'''''
| to lie (''down'')
| to lie (''down'')
! 192
! 192
| '''[[Contionary: slējus#Valthungian|slējus]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: slējus#Valthungian|slējus]]'''''
| dull
| dull
|-
|-
! 055
! 055
| '''[[Contionary: frǣjo#Valthungian|frǣjo]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: sēþs#Valthungian|sēþs]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: frǣjo#Valthungian|frǣjo]]''''' (n), '''''[[Contionary: sēþs#Valthungian|sēþs]]''''' (m)
| seed
| seed
! 124
! 124
| '''[[Contionary: sičin#Valthungian|sičin]]''', '''[[Contionary: sitna#Valthungian|sitna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: sičin#Valthungian|sičin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: sitna#Valthungian|sitna]]'''''
| to sit
| to sit
! 193
! 193
| '''[[Contionary: slǣts#Valthungian|slǣts]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: slǣts#Valthungian|slǣts]]'''''
| smooth
| smooth
|-
|-
! 056
! 056
| '''[[Contionary: blaþ#Valthungian|blaþ]]''' (''n''), '''[[Contionary: lǭfs#Valthungian|lǭfs]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: blaþ#Valthungian|blaþ]]''''' (n), '''''[[Contionary: lǭfs#Valthungian|lǭfs]]''''' (m)
| leaf
| leaf
! 125
! 125
| '''[[Contionary: standna#Valthungian|standna]]''', '''[[Contionary: stǣn#Valthungian|stǣn]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: standna#Valthungian|standna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: stǣn#Valthungian|stǣn]]'''''
| to stand
| to stand
! 194
! 194
| '''[[Contionary: nats#Valthungian|nats]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: nats#Valthungian|nats]]'''''
| wet
| wet
|-
|-
! 057
! 057
| '''[[Contionary: vrōts#Valthungian|vrōts]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: wrōts#Valthungian|wrōts]]''''' (f)
| root
| root
! 126
! 126
| '''[[Contionary: wenǧin#Valthungian|venǧin]]''', '''[[Contionary: wrīðna#Valthungian|vrīðna]]''', '''[[Contionary: hreuvna#Valthungian|hreuvna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: wenǧin#Valthungian|wenǧin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: wrīðna#Valthungian|wrīðna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: hreuvna#Valthungian|hreuvna]]'''''
| to turn
| to turn
! 195
! 195
| '''[[Contionary: þrosus#Valthungian|þrosus]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þrosus#Valthungian|þrosus]]'''''
| dry
| dry
|-
|-
! 058
! 058
| '''[[Contionary: brakus#Valthungian|brakus]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: brakus#Valthungian|brakus]]''''' (m)
| bark (''of tree'')
| bark (''of tree'')
! 127
! 127
| '''[[Contionary: drjusna#Valthungian|drjusna]]''', '''[[Contionary: dūkna#Valthungian|dūkna]]''', '''[[Contionary: kringna#Valthungian|kringna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: drjusna#Valthungian|drjusna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: dūkna#Valthungian|dūkna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: kringna#Valthungian|kringna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: fatlan#Valthungian|fatlan]]'''''
| to fall
| to fall
! 196
! 196
| '''[[Contionary: garǣts#Valthungian|garǣts]]''', '''[[Contionary: undrǣžis#Valthungian|undrǣžis]]''', '''[[Contionary: wēris#Valthungian|vēris]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: garǣts#Valthungian|garǣts]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: wēris#Valthungian|wēris]]'''''
| correct, right
| correct, right
|-
|-
! 059
! 059
| '''[[Contionary: blōma#Valthungian|blōma]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: blōma#Valthungian|blōma]]''''' (m)
| flower
| flower
! 128
! 128
| '''[[Contionary: givna#Valthungian|givna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: givna#Valthungian|givna]]'''''
| to give
| to give
! 197
! 197
| '''[[Contionary: nēfus#Valthungian|nēfus]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: nēfus#Valthungian|nēfus]]'''''
| near
| near
|-
|-
! 060
! 060
| '''[[Contionary: hauge#Valthungian|hauge]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hauge#Valthungian|hauge]]''''' (n)
| grass
| grass
! 129
! 129
| '''[[Contionary: hlaðna#Valthungian|hlaðna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: hauðna#Valthungian|hauðna]]'''''
| to hold
| to hold
! 198
! 198
| '''[[Contionary: vīþs#Valthungian|vīþs]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: wīþs#Valthungian|wīþs]]'''''
| far
| far
|-
|-
! 061
! 061
| '''[[Contionary: rǣp#Valthungian|rǣp]]''' (''n''), '''[[Contionary: wiða#Valthungian|viða]]''' (''f'')
| '''''[[Contionary: rǣp#Valthungian|rǣp]]''''' (n), '''''[[Contionary: wiða#Valthungian|wiða]]''''' (f)
| rope
| rope
! 130
! 130
| '''[[Contionary: þrīstna#Valthungian|þrīstna]]''', '''[[Contionary: gaprángna#Valthungian|gaprángna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þrīstna#Valthungian|þrīstna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: gaprángna#Valthungian|gaprángna]]'''''
| to squeeze
| to squeeze
! 199
! 199
| '''[[Contionary: tǣsus#Valthungian|tǣsus]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: tǣsus#Valthungian|tǣsus]]'''''
| right (''hand'')
| right (''hand'')
|-
|-
! 062
! 062
| '''[[Contionary: hūþs#Valthungian|hūþs]]''' (''f''), '''[[Contionary: fil#Valthungian|fil]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hūþs#Valthungian|hūþs]]''''' (f), '''''[[Contionary: fil#Valthungian|fil]]''''' (n)
| skin
| skin
! 131
! 131
| '''[[Contionary: bingun#Valthungian|bingun]]''', '''[[Contionary: strjukna#Valthungian|strjukna]]''', '''[[Contionary: strǣkan#Valthungian|strǣkan]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: bingun#Valthungian|bingun]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: strjukna#Valthungian|strjukna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: strǣkan#Valthungian|strǣkan]]'''''
| to rub
| to rub
! 200
! 200
| '''[[Contionary: þlīðums#Valthungian|þlīðums]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þlīðums#Valthungian|þlīðums]]'''''
| left (''hand'')
| left (''hand'')
|-
|-
! 063
! 063
| '''[[Contionary: mims#Valthungian|mims]]''' (''m'')
| '''''[[Contionary: mims#Valthungian|mims]]''''' (m)
| flesh, meat
| flesh, meat
! 132
! 132
| '''[[Contionary: þwagun#Valthungian|þuagun]]''', '''[[Contionary: þrǣnin#Valthungian|þrǣnin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þwagan#Valthungian|þwagan]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: þrǣnin#Valthungian|þrǣnin]]'''''
| to wash
| to wash
! 201
! 201
| '''[[Contionary: at#Valthungian|at]]''', '''[[Contionary: tō#Valthungian|tō]]''', (''dative'')
| '''''[[Contionary: at#Valthungian|at]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: tō#Valthungian|tō]]'''''
| at
| at
|-
|-
! 064
! 064
| '''[[Contionary: blōþ#Valthungian|blōþ]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: blōþ#Valthungian|blōþ]]''''' (n)
| blood
| blood
! 133
! 133
| '''[[Contionary: bistreuvna#Valthungian|(bi)]][[Contionary: streuvna#Valthungian|streuvna]]''', '''[[Contionary: wrīvna#Valthungian|vrīvna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: (bi)streuvna#Valthungian|(bi)streuvna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: frœbin#Valthungian|frœbin]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: wrīvna#Valthungian|wrīvna]]'''''
| to wipe
| to wipe
! 202
! 202
| '''[[Contionary: in#Valthungian|in]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: in#Valthungian|in]]'''''
| in
| in
|-
|-
! 065
! 065
| '''[[Contionary: bǣn#Valthungian|bǣn]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: bǣn#Valthungian|bǣn]]''''' (n)
| bone
| bone
! 134
! 134
| '''[[Contionary: þinsna#Valthungian|þinsna]]''', '''[[Contionary: dragna#Valthungian|dragna]]''', '''[[Contionary: čugun#Valthungian|čugun]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þinsna#Valthungian|þinsna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: dragna#Valthungian|dragna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: čugun#Valthungian|čugun]]'''''
| to pull
| to pull
! 203
! 203
| '''[[Contionary: miþ#Valthungian|miþ]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: miþ#Valthungian|miþ]]'''''
| with
| with
|-
|-
! 066
! 066
| '''[[Contionary: simbréðra#Valthungian|simbréðra]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: sumbréðra#Valthungian|sumbréðra]]''''' (n)
| fat
| fat
! 135
! 135
| '''[[Contionary: þnītna#Valthungian|þnītna]]''', '''[[Contionary: þrindna#Valthungian|þrindna]]''', '''[[Contionary: prangna#Valthungian|prangna]]''', '''[[Contionary: šuvna#Valthungian|šuvna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: þnītna#Valthungian|þnītna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: þrindna#Valthungian|þrindna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: prangna#Valthungian|prangna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: sčuvna#Valthungian|sčuvna]]'''''
| to push
| to push
! 204
! 204
| '''[[Contionary: jā#Valthungian|jā]]''', '''[[Contionary: ǭk#Valthungian|ǭk]]''', '''[[Contionary: -u#Valthungian|-u]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: ja#Valthungian|ja]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: ǭk#Valthungian|ǭk]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: -u#Valthungian|-u]]'''''
| and
| and
|-
|-
! 067
! 067
| '''[[Contionary: āde#Valthungian|āde]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: āde#Valthungian|āde]]''''' (n)
| egg
| egg
! 136
! 136
| '''[[Contionary: wrepna#Valthungian|vrepna]]''', '''[[Contionary: smītna#Valthungian|smītna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: wrepna#Valthungian|wrepna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: smītna#Valthungian|smītna]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: kastan#Valthungian|kastan]]'''''
| to throw
| to throw
! 205
! 205
| '''[[Contionary: java#Valthungian|java]]''', '''[[Contionary: iva#Valthungian|iva]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: java#Valthungian|java]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: iva#Valthungian|iva]]'''''
| if
| if
|-
|-
! 068
! 068
| '''[[Contionary: hron#Valthungian|hron]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: hron#Valthungian|hron]]''''' (n)
| horn
| horn
! 137
! 137
| '''[[Contionary: bindna#Valthungian|bindna]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: bindna#Valthungian|bindna]]'''''
| to tie, bind
| to tie, bind
! 206
! 206
| '''[[Contionary: inþis#Valthungian|inþis]]''', '''[[Contionary: unta#Valthungian|unta]]''', '''[[Contionary: nū#Valthungian|nū]]''', '''[[Contionary: þī#Valthungian|þī]]''', '''[[Contionary: inþížas ī wǣtis#Valthungian|inþížas ī vǣtis]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: inþis#Valthungian|inþis]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: unta#Valthungian|unta]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: nū#Valthungian|nū]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: þī#Valthungian|þī]]''''', '''''[[Contionary: inþížas ī wǣtis#Valthungian|inþížas ī wǣtis]]'''''
| because
| because
|-
|-
! 069
! 069
| '''[[Contionary: tagla#Valthungian|tagla]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: tagla#Valthungian|tagla]]''''' (n)
| tail
| tail
! 138
! 138
| '''[[Contionary: šužin#Valthungian|šužin]]'''
| '''''[[Contionary: šužin#Valthungian|šužin]]'''''
| to sew
| to sew
! 207
! 207
| '''[[Contionary: nama#Valthungian|nama]]''' (''n'')
| '''''[[Contionary: nama#Valthungian|nama]]''''' (n), '''''[[Contionary: hǣt#Valthungian|hǣt]]''''' (n)
| name
| name
|}
|}
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