Meraner: Difference between revisions

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===Orthography===
===Orthography===
<!--
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Meraner fidel orthography
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! Fidel !! Roman. !! IPA
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====Fidel====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!IPA (Roman.)!!{{IPA|ɐ}} (ä)!!{{IPA|u}} (u)!!{{IPA|i}} (i)!!{{IPA|a}} (a)!!{{IPA|e}} (e)!!{{IPA|ɨ/-}} (ï/-)!!{{IPA|o}} (o)!!{{IPA|ʷɐ}} (wä)!!{{IPA|ʷi}} (wi)!!{{IPA|ʷa}} (wa)!!{{IPA|ʷe}} (we)!!{{IPA|ʷɨ/ʷ-}} (wï/w-)
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|h}} (h)
|ሀ||ሁ||ሂ||ሃ||ሄ||ህ||ሆ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|l}} (l)
|ለ||ሉ||ሊ||ላ||ሌ||ል||ሎ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሏ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; 
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|h}} (h)
|ሐ||ሑ||ሒ||ሓ||ሔ||ሕ||ሖ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሗ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|m}} (m)
|መ||ሙ||ሚ||ማ||ሜ||ም||ሞ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሟ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|s}} (s)
|ሠ||ሡ||ሢ||ሣ||ሤ||ሥ||ሦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|r}} (r)
|ረ||ሩ||ሪ||ራ||ሬ||ር||ሮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|s}} (s)
|ሰ||ሱ||ሲ||ሳ||ሴ||ስ||ሶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʃ}} (sh)
|ሸ||ሹ||ሺ||ሻ||ሼ||ሽ||ሾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʂ}}
|ⶠ||ⶡ||ⶢ||ⶣ||ⶤ||ⶥ||ⶦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ⶣ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|kʼ}} (q)
|ቀ||ቁ||ቂ||ቃ||ቄ||ቅ||ቆ||ቈ||ቊ||ቋ||ቌ||ቍ
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʁ}}
|ቐ||ቑ||ቒ||ቓ||ቔ||ቕ||ቖ||ቘ||ቚ||ቛ||ቜ||ቝ
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|b}} (b)
|በ||ቡ||ቢ||ባ||ቤ||ብ||ቦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ቧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|v}} (v)
|ቨ||ቩ||ቪ||ቫ||ቬ||ቭ||ቮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ቯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t}} (t)
|ተ||ቱ||ቲ||ታ||ቴ||ት||ቶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ቷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} (c)
|ቸ||ቹ||ቺ||ቻ||ቼ||ች||ቾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ቿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʈʰ}}
|ⶨ||ⶩ||ⶪ||ⶫ||ⶬ||ⶭ||ⶮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ⶨ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|h}} (h)
|ኀ||ኁ||ኂ||ኃ||ኄ||ኅ||ኆ||ኈ||ኊ||ኋ||ኌ||ኍ
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|n}} (n)
|ነ||ኑ||ኒ||ና||ኔ||ን||ኖ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ኗ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ɲ}} (ny)
|ኘ||ኙ||ኚ||ኛ||ኜ||ኝ||ኞ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ኟ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʔ}} (')
|አ<!--(ኧ)-->||ኡ||ኢ||ኣ||ኤ||እ||ኦ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|k}} (k)
|ከ||ኩ||ኪ||ካ||ኬ||ክ||ኮ||ኰ||ኲ||ኳ||ኴ||ኵ
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|x}} (kh)
|ኸ||ኹ||ኺ||ኻ||ኼ||ኽ||ኾ||ዀ||ዂ||ዃ||ዄ||ዅ
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|w}} (w)
|ወ||ዉ||ዊ||ዋ||ዌ||ው||ዎ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʔ}} (')
|ዐ||ዑ||ዒ||ዓ||ዔ||ዕ||ዖ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|z}} (z)
|ዘ||ዙ||ዚ||ዛ||ዜ||ዝ||ዞ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ዟ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʒ}} (zh)
|ዠ||ዡ||ዢ||ዣ||ዤ||ዥ||ዦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ዧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʒ}}
|ⶰ||ⶱ||ⶲ||ⶳ||ⶴ||ⶵ||ⶶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ⶳ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|j}} (y)
|የ||ዩ||ዪ||ያ||ዬ||ይ||ዮ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|d}} (d)
|ደ||ዱ||ዲ||ዳ||ዴ||ድ||ዶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ዷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} (j)
|ጀ||ጁ||ጂ||ጃ||ጄ||ጅ||ጆ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጇ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ɖ}}
|ዸ||ዹ||ዺ||ዻ||ዼ||ዽ||ዾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ዿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ɡ}} (g)
|ገ||ጉ||ጊ||ጋ||ጌ||ግ||ጎ||ጐ||ጒ||ጓ||ጔ||ጕ
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ŋ}}
|ጘ||ጙ||ጚ||ጛ||ጜ||ጝ||ጞ||ⶓ||ⶔ||ጟ||ⶕ||ⶖ
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|tʼ}} (th)
|ጠ||ጡ||ጢ||ጣ||ጤ||ጥ||ጦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡ʃʼ}} (ch)
|ጨ||ጩ||ጪ||ጫ||ጬ||ጭ||ጮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʈʼ}}
|ⶸ||ⶹ||ⶺ||ⶻ||ⶼ||ⶽ||ⶾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|pʼ}} (ph)
|ጰ||ጱ||ጲ||ጳ||ጴ||ጵ||ጶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡sʼ}} (ts)
|ጸ||ጹ||ጺ||ጻ||ጼ||ጽ||ጾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡sʼ}} (ts)
|ፀ||ፁ||ፂ||ፃ||ፄ||ፅ||ፆ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|f}} (f)
|ፈ||ፉ||ፊ||ፋ||ፌ||ፍ||ፎ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ፏ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style= "font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|p}} (p)
|ፐ||ፑ||ፒ||ፓ||ፔ||ፕ||ፖ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ፗ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|-
!IPA (Roman.)!!{{IPA|ɐ}} (ä)!!{{IPA|u}} (u)!!{{IPA|i}} (i)!!{{IPA|a}} (a)!!{{IPA|e}} (e)!!{{IPA|ɨ/-}} (ï/-)!!{{IPA|o}} (o)!!{{IPA|ʷɐ}} (wä)!!{{IPA|ʷi}} (wi)!!{{IPA|ʷa}} (wa)!!{{IPA|ʷe}} (we)!!{{IPA|ʷɨ/ʷ-}} (wï/w-)
|}
===Consonants===
===Consonants===


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Derivational morphology
Derivational morphology
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===Nouns===
The plural of nouns is formed with the suffix ''-(ï)s''.
<!--
The marked accusative is formed with the ending ''-(ï)n''.-->
Definiteness is marked with the suffix ''-to'' (masculine) or ''-ta'' (feminine).
===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Meraner personal pronouns
|+ Meraner personal pronouns
! !! Independent !!  
! !! Independent !! Clitic object !! Clitic possessive !! Reflexive
|-
|-
! 1S
! 1S
| ïgo
| እሜ ''ïme''
| -ም ''-m''
| -ሜ ''-me''
| ሜልሜ ''melme''
|-
|-
! 2S
! 2S
| sigo
| እሴ ''ïse''
| -ስ ''-s''
| -ሴ ''-se''
| ሜልሴ ''melse''
|-
|-
! 3SM
! 3SM
| hutu
| ሁቱ ''hutu''
| -ቶ ''-to''
| -ቱ ''-tu''
| ሜልቱ ''meltu''
|-
|-
! 3SF
! 3SF
| hute
| ሁቴ ''hute''
| -ታ ''-ta''
| -ቴ ''-te''
| ሜልቴ ''melte''
|-
|-
! 1P
! 1P
| ïmis
| እሚን ''ïmin''
| -ማስ ''-mas''
| -ሚን ''-min''
| ሜልሚን ''melmin''
|-
|-
! 2P
! 2P
| simis
| እሲን ''ïsin''
| -ሳስ ''-sas''
| -ሲን ''-sin''
| ሜልሲን ''melsin''
|-
|-
! 3P
! 3P
| huton
| ሁቶን ''huton''
| -ታን ''-tas''
| -ቶን ''-ton''
| ሜልቶን ''melton''
|-
|-
|}
|}
===Numerals===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Meraner numerals
! # !! Cardinal
|-
! 0
| ዜሮ ''zero''
|-
! 1
| ህን ''hïn''
|-
! 2
| ጆ ''jo''
|-
! 3
| ትሪ ''tri''
|-
! 4
| ጠስር ''thässïr''
|-
! 5
| ፐንጥ ''pänth''
|-
! 6
| ህግስ ''hïgs''
|-
! 7
| ህብጣ ''hïbtha''
|-
! 8
| ኦግጦ ''ogtho''
|-
! 9
| እኛ ''ïnya''
|-
! 10
| ደቃ ''däqa''
|-
|}
* Ordinal numbers are formed with the suffix ''-to''.
===Verbs===


==Syntax==
==Syntax==

Latest revision as of 05:13, 2 November 2023

Meraner (/məˈɹɑːnɚ/, native: መራነርኬ märanärke /mɐranɐrke/) is a Hellenic language spoken in East Africa.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Fidel

IPA (Roman.) ɐ (ä) u (u) i (i) a (a) e (e) ɨ/- (ï/-) o (o) ʷɐ (wä) ʷi (wi) ʷa (wa) ʷe (we) ʷɨ/ʷ- (wï/w-)
h (h) ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ  
l (l) ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ   ሏ  
h (h) ሐ ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ   ሗ  
m (m) መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ   ሟ  
s (s) ሠ ሡ ሢ ሣ ሤ ሥ ሦ   ሧ  
r (r) ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ   ሯ  
s (s) ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ   ሷ  
ʃ (sh) ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሼ ሽ ሾ   ሿ  
kʼ (q) ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ ቈ ቊ ቋ ቌ ቍ
b (b) በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ   ቧ  
v (v) ቨ ቩ ቪ ቫ ቬ ቭ ቮ   ቯ  
t (t) ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ   ቷ  
t͡ʃ (c) ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ቼ ች ቾ   ቿ  
h (h) ኀ ኁ ኂ ኃ ኄ ኅ ኆ ኈ ኊ ኋ ኌ ኍ
n (n) ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ   ኗ  
ɲ (ny) ኘ ኙ ኚ ኛ ኜ ኝ ኞ   ኟ  
ʔ (') አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ  
k (k) ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ ኰ ኲ ኳ ኴ ኵ
x (kh) ኸ ኹ ኺ ኻ ኼ ኽ ኾ ዀ ዂ ዃ ዄ ዅ
w (w) ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ  
ʔ (') ዐ ዑ ዒ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ  
z (z) ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ   ዟ  
ʒ (zh) ዠ ዡ ዢ ዣ ዤ ዥ ዦ   ዧ  
j (y) የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ  
d (d) ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ   ዷ  
d͡ʒ (j) ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጄ ጅ ጆ   ጇ  
ɡ (g) ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ ጐ ጒ ጓ ጔ ጕ
tʼ (th) ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ   ጧ  
t͡ʃʼ (ch) ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጬ ጭ ጮ   ጯ  
pʼ (ph) ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ   ጷ  
t͡sʼ (ts) ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ   ጿ  
t͡sʼ (ts) ፀ ፁ ፂ ፃ ፄ ፅ ፆ  
f (f) ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ   ፏ  
p (p) ፐ ፑ ፒ ፓ ፔ ፕ ፖ   ፗ  
IPA (Roman.) ɐ (ä) u (u) i (i) a (a) e (e) ɨ/- (ï/-) o (o) ʷɐ (wä) ʷi (wi) ʷa (wa) ʷe (we) ʷɨ/ʷ- (wï/w-)

Consonants

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

The plural of nouns is formed with the suffix -(ï)s.

Definiteness is marked with the suffix -to (masculine) or -ta (feminine).

Pronouns

Meraner personal pronouns
Independent Clitic object Clitic possessive Reflexive
1S እሜ ïme -ም -m -ሜ -me ሜልሜ melme
2S እሴ ïse -ስ -s -ሴ -se ሜልሴ melse
3SM ሁቱ hutu -ቶ -to -ቱ -tu ሜልቱ meltu
3SF ሁቴ hute -ታ -ta -ቴ -te ሜልቴ melte
1P እሚን ïmin -ማስ -mas -ሚን -min ሜልሚን melmin
2P እሲን ïsin -ሳስ -sas -ሲን -sin ሜልሲን melsin
3P ሁቶን huton -ታን -tas -ቶን -ton ሜልቶን melton

Numerals

Meraner numerals
# Cardinal
0 ዜሮ zero
1 ህን hïn
2 ጆ jo
3 ትሪ tri
4 ጠስር thässïr
5 ፐንጥ pänth
6 ህግስ hïgs
7 ህብጣ hïbtha
8 ኦግጦ ogtho
9 እኛ ïnya
10 ደቃ däqa
  • Ordinal numbers are formed with the suffix -to.

Verbs

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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