Izhkut: Difference between revisions
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| name = Izhkut | | name = Izhkut | ||
| altname = Ishcot | | altname = Ishcot | ||
| nativename = | | nativename = jën izhkut | ||
| pronunciation = | | pronunciation = ˈɟɛn̪ iʒkʊt | ||
| created = 2022 | | created = 2022 | ||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
| speakers = {{formatnum:126000000}} | | speakers = {{formatnum:126000000}} | ||
| speakers2 = {{formatnum:234000}}(L2) | | speakers2 = {{formatnum:234000}}(L2) | ||
| ethnicity = Izhkut people, Pokht people, | |||
| date = 256 BH | | date = 256 BH | ||
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | ||
Line 15: | Line 16: | ||
| fam3 = Ilyic | | fam3 = Ilyic | ||
| fam4 = Pokht-Izhkut | | fam4 = Pokht-Izhkut | ||
| ancestor1 = [[Proto-Taskaric]] | |||
| ancestor2 = Proto-Iskeric | |||
| ancestor3 = Proto-Ilyic | |||
| ancestor4 = Pokht-Izhkut | |||
| ancestor5 = Old Izhkut | |||
| state = Northern Birnu | | state = Northern Birnu | ||
| nation = Izhkutrëa | | nation = Izhkutrëa, Ingdikh, Pokht | ||
| minority = | | minority = Minūrun | ||
| notice = ipa | | notice = ipa | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Izhkut'''('' | '''Izhkut'''(''jën izhkut'', <small>Izhkut:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ˈɟɛn̪ iʒkʊt]]]), also known as '''Ishcot''' is the most spoken [[Taskaric languages|Taskaric]] language in Radael, with a native speaker population of {{formatnum:126000000}} people, and it is spoken by another {{formatnum:234000}} as an L2 language, primarily by students in the nation of Ingdikh, where learning the language is a compulsory part of the curriculum. The language as a whole also operates as a ''lingua franca'' in the scientific community in Birnu, as well as in diplomacy on the continent. It is also one of the 8 official languages in the West Birnu Economic Union(WBEU). | ||
Izhkut is also spoken widely in the various Izhkut colonies, though their collective dialects(a group called [[Colonial Izhkut]] due to their shared features) have deviated quite a bit from the dialect continuum spoken in the Izhkut mainland, primarily due to geographical distance as well as influences from indigenous languages in each respective colony. Some of these loanwords have also found themselves enter the speech of Mainlanders, in a way similarly to how some [[w:Brazilian Portuguese|Brazilian Portuguese]] words of indigenous origin have entered the [[w:European Portuguese|European Portuguese]] variety. | |||
Despite the region of Pokht, a vassal of Izhkutrëa, having its own native sister language of Izhkut, [[Pokht]](Izhkut: ''jën pokht''), Izhkut has in recent times all but replaced Pokht due to the strict cultural assimilation policies of the Izhkut central government. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Bilabial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Post-alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! Plosive | |||
| p b || || t d || || ɟ || k g || | |||
|- | |||
! Nasal | |||
| m || (n̪) || n || || ɲ || (ŋ) || | |||
|- | |||
! Fricative | |||
| || (θ) (ð) || s z || ʃ ʒ || || x || (h) | |||
|- | |||
! Tap or Flap | |||
| (ɾʷ) || || ɾ || (ɾ̠) || (ɾʲ) || || | |||
|- | |||
! Semivowel | |||
| || || || || j || w~ɰ || | |||
|- | |||
! Laterals | |||
| || || l || || || || | |||
|} | |||
[n̪] is an allophone of /n/, usually pronounced at the end of a word, such as in ''jën'' [ɟɛn̪] "language, speech". [θ] and [ð] are lenited allophones of /t/ and /d/, though where this lenition actually occurs depends on dialect. The general rule is that /t/ and /d/ are lenited after an /e/ or diphthong ending in -/ɪ̯/, e.g. ''retam'' [ɾeθam] "button" or ''yeid'' [jeɪ̯ð] "legend (person)". | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Izhkut has a lot of vowels and diphthongs, most of which preserved from Old Izhkut. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Front/<br>Near-front !! Central !! Back/<br>Near-back | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| i || (ɨ) || u | |||
|- | |||
! Near-close | |||
| (ɪ) || || (ʊ) | |||
|- | |||
! Close-mid | |||
| e ø || || o | |||
|- | |||
! Open-mid | |||
| ɛ || || (ɔ) | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| || a || | |||
|} | |||
Although there are many vowels, only six can form valid diphthongs. Two identical vowels next to each other in a diphthong don't occur either, nor does /eɛ̯/ or /ɛɨ̯/. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! a !! i !! u !! o !! e !! ɛ | |||
|- | |||
! a | |||
| - || aɪ̯ || aʊ̯ || aɔ̯ || aɨ̯ || aɛ̯ | |||
|- | |||
! i | |||
| ia̯ || - || iʊ̯ || iɔ̯ || iɨ̯ || iɛ̯ | |||
|- | |||
! u | |||
| ua̯ || uɪ̯ || - || uɔ̯ || uɨ̯ || uɛ̯ | |||
|- | |||
! o | |||
| oa̯ || oɪ̯ || oʊ̯ || - || oɨ̯ || oɛ̯ | |||
|- | |||
! e | |||
| ea̯ || eɪ̯ || eʊ̯ || eɔ̯ || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | - | |||
|- | |||
! ɛ | |||
| ɛa̯ || ɛɪ̯ || ɛʊ̯ || ɛɔ̯ | |||
|} | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
Stress in Izhkut is generally prototonic. When a syllable contains an /ɛ/ ⟨ë⟩ it is automatically primarily stressed. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
====Adjectives==== | |||
=== Verbs === | |||
==== Adverbs ==== | |||
Nouns | === Particles === | ||
Adjectives | === Derivational morphology === | ||
Verbs | |||
Adverbs | |||
Particles | |||
Derivational morphology | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Line 55: | Line 121: | ||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
< | ==Dialects== | ||
===Colonial Izhkut=== | |||
'''Colonial Izhkut'''(''jën bilashaosh'', <small>Colonial Izhkut:</small> [[Help:IPA|[cæn̪ biɫɑʒɑwʃ]]]; <small>Standard Izhkut:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ɟɛn̪ bilaʃaɔ̯ʃ]]]) is the name given to the diverse dialect continuum of Izhkut spoken outside the Izhkut mainland. The first differences in speech between mainlanders(''yagolëosh'') and colonials(''bilashaosh'') was first noticed in an early newspaper, which reported that some mainlander traders had lost money due to a miscommunication between their colonial counterparts, who had misunderstood the word ''sërskueja bogazar'' "thirty-one batches" for ''sërskueja bogazhar'', "thirty-one receipts", leading to late orders and a loss in revenue. | |||
Although initially seen by mainlanders as an incorrect vernacular of Izhkut, famous colonial writers such as Sagik Khëmi(author of ''Blue Coasters'') helped to culturally popularise Colonial vernacular in the mainland. | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
[[Category:Izhkut]] | [[Category:Izhkut]] | ||
[[Category:Taskaric languages]] | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] |
Latest revision as of 22:54, 8 October 2024
This article is a construction site. This project is currently undergoing significant construction and/or revamp. By all means, take a look around, thank you. |
Izhkut | |
---|---|
Ishcot | |
jën izhkut | |
Pronunciation | [ˈɟɛn̪ iʒkʊt] |
Created by | Jukethatbox |
Date | 2022 |
Native to | Northern Birnu |
Ethnicity | Izhkut people, Pokht people, |
Native speakers | 126,000,000 (256 BH) 234,000(L2) |
Taskaric
| |
Early forms | Proto-Taskaric
|
Official status | |
Official language in | Izhkutrëa, Ingdikh, Pokht |
Recognised minority language in | Minūrun |
Izhkut(jën izhkut, Izhkut: [ˈɟɛn̪ iʒkʊt]), also known as Ishcot is the most spoken Taskaric language in Radael, with a native speaker population of 126,000,000 people, and it is spoken by another 234,000 as an L2 language, primarily by students in the nation of Ingdikh, where learning the language is a compulsory part of the curriculum. The language as a whole also operates as a lingua franca in the scientific community in Birnu, as well as in diplomacy on the continent. It is also one of the 8 official languages in the West Birnu Economic Union(WBEU).
Izhkut is also spoken widely in the various Izhkut colonies, though their collective dialects(a group called Colonial Izhkut due to their shared features) have deviated quite a bit from the dialect continuum spoken in the Izhkut mainland, primarily due to geographical distance as well as influences from indigenous languages in each respective colony. Some of these loanwords have also found themselves enter the speech of Mainlanders, in a way similarly to how some Brazilian Portuguese words of indigenous origin have entered the European Portuguese variety.
Despite the region of Pokht, a vassal of Izhkutrëa, having its own native sister language of Izhkut, Pokht(Izhkut: jën pokht), Izhkut has in recent times all but replaced Pokht due to the strict cultural assimilation policies of the Izhkut central government.
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p b | t d | ɟ | k g | |||
Nasal | m | (n̪) | n | ɲ | (ŋ) | ||
Fricative | (θ) (ð) | s z | ʃ ʒ | x | (h) | ||
Tap or Flap | (ɾʷ) | ɾ | (ɾ̠) | (ɾʲ) | |||
Semivowel | j | w~ɰ | |||||
Laterals | l |
[n̪] is an allophone of /n/, usually pronounced at the end of a word, such as in jën [ɟɛn̪] "language, speech". [θ] and [ð] are lenited allophones of /t/ and /d/, though where this lenition actually occurs depends on dialect. The general rule is that /t/ and /d/ are lenited after an /e/ or diphthong ending in -/ɪ̯/, e.g. retam [ɾeθam] "button" or yeid [jeɪ̯ð] "legend (person)".
Vowels
Izhkut has a lot of vowels and diphthongs, most of which preserved from Old Izhkut.
Front/ Near-front |
Central | Back/ Near-back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | (ɨ) | u |
Near-close | (ɪ) | (ʊ) | |
Close-mid | e ø | o | |
Open-mid | ɛ | (ɔ) | |
Open | a |
Although there are many vowels, only six can form valid diphthongs. Two identical vowels next to each other in a diphthong don't occur either, nor does /eɛ̯/ or /ɛɨ̯/.
a | i | u | o | e | ɛ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | - | aɪ̯ | aʊ̯ | aɔ̯ | aɨ̯ | aɛ̯ |
i | ia̯ | - | iʊ̯ | iɔ̯ | iɨ̯ | iɛ̯ |
u | ua̯ | uɪ̯ | - | uɔ̯ | uɨ̯ | uɛ̯ |
o | oa̯ | oɪ̯ | oʊ̯ | - | oɨ̯ | oɛ̯ |
e | ea̯ | eɪ̯ | eʊ̯ | eɔ̯ | - | |
ɛ | ɛa̯ | ɛɪ̯ | ɛʊ̯ | ɛɔ̯ |
Prosody
Stress
Stress in Izhkut is generally prototonic. When a syllable contains an /ɛ/ ⟨ë⟩ it is automatically primarily stressed.
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Adverbs
Particles
Derivational morphology
Syntax
Constituent order
Izhkut, like most Taskaric languages, uses a VSO(verb-subject-object) constituent order.
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Dialects
Colonial Izhkut
Colonial Izhkut(jën bilashaosh, Colonial Izhkut: [cæn̪ biɫɑʒɑwʃ]; Standard Izhkut: [ɟɛn̪ bilaʃaɔ̯ʃ]) is the name given to the diverse dialect continuum of Izhkut spoken outside the Izhkut mainland. The first differences in speech between mainlanders(yagolëosh) and colonials(bilashaosh) was first noticed in an early newspaper, which reported that some mainlander traders had lost money due to a miscommunication between their colonial counterparts, who had misunderstood the word sërskueja bogazar "thirty-one batches" for sërskueja bogazhar, "thirty-one receipts", leading to late orders and a loss in revenue.
Although initially seen by mainlanders as an incorrect vernacular of Izhkut, famous colonial writers such as Sagik Khëmi(author of Blue Coasters) helped to culturally popularise Colonial vernacular in the mainland.