Fourth Linguifex Relay/Sceptrian: Difference between revisions

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<poem>

'' ,

''Léhkodé pai ko qhóqhøkos,

'' ;

''keewesht mjulan oil qotitlóo;

'' ,

''darema soi slopapu'os,

'' .

''jak rajidhé mitupurpóo.

''Pé,

''Péma saitush_q'papa sekhe,

'' ,

''jevaa hifthilan gat'tishh'i,

'' ;

''moŕ ól dorahpipi qóphe;

'' .

''mutshos tslarmak jódish b'shiit'sji.

</poem>

==Notes==

Sceptrian is a head-initial, ergative-absolutive language, i.e. the word order in clauses is mostly VAO and the head of the noun phrase is followed by adjectives and demostratives. The language is fusional-agglutinative, e.g. verbs are [[Sceptrian#Affixes|conjugated]], but both prepositions and postpositions are used as well and their heads are [[Sceptrian#Cases|declined]] according to the noun class. The cases of nouns are utilized in [[Sceptrian#Derivational_Morphology|derivational morphology]] so that at first glance many verbs seem to be only inflected nouns.

However, poems may have a more free word order and may omit vowels in various syllables. The apostrophe may stand for both these omissions and normal pausa.

==Glossed==

<poem>

#''léhkod-é pai ko qhó~qhøk-os

''léhkod-é pai ko qhó~qhøk-os

#:ADVZ\fast-VOC MIR DIST.SG SUBJ~\is_broken\-3SG.INCEP~~~~

ADVZ\fast-VOC MIR DIST.SG SUBJ~\is_broken-3SG.INCEP

~~#''léhkod-é pai keewesht mjula-n~~

*[[Sceptrian#Particles|Verb particles]] don't always require verbs

~~#:ADVZ\fast-VOC MIR mosaic life-GEN~~

~~#''léhkod-é pai qhó~qhøg-ho klo~~

~~#:ADVZ\fast-VOC MIR SUBJ~\is_broken\-3PL.FUT PRO.3PL~~

~~#''léhkod-é pai qhó~qhøk-l tshel-o~~

~~#:ADVZ\fast-VOC MIR SUBJ~\is_broken-3PL.GNO sand-LAT~~

*''léh-ko-d-é'' might be glossed as ADVZ\leg-LAT-VBZ.MVT\ADJZ-VOC, but the core was translated for simplicity

*[[Sceptrian#Particles|~~verb~~ particles]] don't always require verbs

*Sceptrian has several ways of indicating [[Sceptrian#Possessive|possessive forms]]

#''~~mjul(a) keeweshtsozh~~ oil qot~t-l-óo

''keewesht mjula-n oil qot~t-l-óo

#:life ~~mosaic~~-~~PL.COM-POSS.3SG.INAL~~ as rock~~~DIM-PL-LAT~~

mosaic life-GEN as rock~<DIM>-PL-LAT

~~#''qhó~qhøk oil qot~~<~~i>~t-l-óo tshel-o~~

~~#:SUBJ~\is_broken as rock~~~DIM~~-PL-LAT sand-LAT~~

~~#''mjul(a) keeweshtsozh oil qot<i~~>~~~t-l-óo~~

~~#:life mosaic-PL.COM-POSS.3SG.INAL as rock~DIM~~-PL-LAT

*See [[Sceptrian#Prepositions|prepositions]] for the effect of noun case.

*Some derivations utilize both reduplication and affixing. For ''qot~t'' an alternative gloss might be: rock<DIM>~NMZ

''~~daremu~~ soi slop<a>~p-u-os

''darema soi slop<a>~p-u-os

Ruler on chair~AUG-LOC-POSS.3SG.ALIEN

Ruler.AUG on chair~<AUG>-LOC-POSS.3SG.ALIEN

*Sceptrian has several ways of indicating [[Sceptrian#Possessive|possession]]

''jak ~~rajidhé~~ mitup-u-r-p-óo

''jak rajidh-é mitup-u-r-p-óo

away (ADVZ\)~~sudden-VOC~~ sea-LOC-VBZ.FREQ-NMZ-LAT

away sudden-VOC(.ADVZ) sea-LOC-VBZ.FREQ-NMZ-LAT

*Occurrence of [[Sceptrian#Apophony|apophony]] has certain rules

''Pé,

''Pé=ma saitu-sh q(ó)pa-pa sek-he

~~2Pl~~.VOC

2PL.VOC=FOC DEM.PROX.ANIM-PL act-ABL come-GNO.2PL

*[[Sceptrian#Relative_clauses|On relative clauses]] of Sceptrian

*Ablative case has a causal meaning as well

''

''jeva-a hifthila-n gat(o)ti-sh-h(e)i

grace-ERG heaven-GEN accommodation-INS(.VBZ)-PST.PFV.2PL

*Agent prefixes may be omitted

*Genitive forms don't agree with their heads

''

''mo-ŕ ól dora-h-pi-pi qóp-he

1PL-GEN like law-COM(.VBZ)-GER-ABL act-GNO.2PL

*It is common for Sceptrian to [[Sceptrian#Derivational_Morphology|derive]] new nouns from verbs already derived from nouns

''

''mutsh-os tsla-r-mak-Ø jódi-sh b(a)shiit(i)s-ji

neighbour-INS(.COM) INCEP.1PL-HORT-give-ANTIP charity-INS poor_one-DAT

*[[Sceptrian#Irrealis|Hortative]] in Sceptrian

*[[Sceptrian#Voice|Antipassive]] is formed by turning the ERG agent into ABS, removing the subject/object verb suffix and changing the subject/object case into instrumental

</poem>

==~~Notes~~==

==Extra==

*From ''leh'', ''Léh-ko-d-é'' might be glossed as ADVZ\leg-LAT-VBZ.MVT\ADJZ-VOC, but the core was translated for simplicity :)

*Same for ''b(a)shi-i-t(i)-s-ji'' gloss wealth-VOC-ADJZ.ABE-NMZ.AN-DAT from ''bashi''

Sceptrian is a head-initial, ergative-absolutive language, i.e. the word order in clauses is VAO and the head of the noun phrase is followed by adjectives and demostratives. Both prepositions and postpositions are used, however.

[[Category:Fourth Linguifex Relay]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 <poem>
-'' ,
+''Léhkodé pai ko qhóqhøkos,
-'' ;
+''keewesht mjulan oil qotitlóo;
-'' ,
+''darema soi slopapu'os,
-'' .
+''jak rajidhé mitupurpóo.
-''Pé,
+''Péma saitush_q'papa sekhe,
-'' ,
+''jevaa hifthilan gat'tishh'i,
-'' ;
+''moŕ ól dorahpipi qóphe;
-'' .
+''mutshos tslarmak jódish b'shiit'sji.
 </poem>
+==Notes==
+Sceptrian is a head-initial, ergative-absolutive language, i.e. the word order in clauses is mostly VAO and the head of the noun phrase is followed by adjectives and demostratives. The language is fusional-agglutinative, e.g. verbs are [[Sceptrian#Affixes|conjugated]], but both prepositions and postpositions are used as well and their heads are [[Sceptrian#Cases|declined]] according to the noun class. The cases of nouns are utilized in [[Sceptrian#Derivational_Morphology|derivational morphology]] so that at first glance many verbs seem to be only inflected nouns.
+However, poems may have a more free word order and <!--apparently -->may omit vowels in various syllables. The apostrophe may stand for both these omissions and normal pausa.
 ==Glossed==
 <poem>
-#''léhkod-é pai ko qhó~qhøk-os
+''léhkod-é pai ko qhó~qhøk-os
-#:<small>ADVZ\fast-VOC MIR DIST.SG SUBJ~\is_broken\-3SG.INCEP</small>
+<small>ADVZ\fast-VOC MIR DIST.SG SUBJ~\is_broken-3SG.INCEP</small>
-#''léhkod-é pai keewesht mjula-n
+*[[Sceptrian#Particles|Verb particles]] don't always require verbs
-#:<small>ADVZ\fast-VOC MIR mosaic life-GEN</small>
-#''léhkod-é pai qhó~qhøg-ho klo
-#:<small>ADVZ\fast-VOC MIR SUBJ~\is_broken\-3PL.FUT PRO.3PL</small>
-#''léhkod-é pai qhó~qhøk-l tshel-o
-#:<small>ADVZ\fast-VOC MIR SUBJ~\is_broken-3PL.GNO sand-LAT</small>
-*''léh-ko-d-é'' might be glossed as ADVZ\leg-LAT-VBZ.MVT\ADJZ-VOC, but the core was translated for simplicity
-*[[Sceptrian#Particles|verb particles]] don't always require verbs
-*Sceptrian has several ways of indicating [[Sceptrian#Possessive|possessive forms]]
-#''mjul(a) keeweshtsozh oil qot&lt;i&gt;~t-l-óo
+''keewesht mjula-n oil qot&lt;i&gt;~t-l-óo
-#:<small>life mosaic-PL.COM-POSS.3SG.INAL as rock~DIM-PL-LAT</small>
+<small>mosaic life-GEN as rock~&lt;DIM&gt;-PL-LAT</small>
-#''qhó~qhøk oil qot&lt;i&gt;~t-l-óo tshel-o
-#:<small>SUBJ~\is_broken as rock~DIM-PL-LAT sand-LAT</small>
-#''mjul(a) keeweshtsozh oil qot&lt;i&gt;~t-l-óo
-#:<small>life mosaic-PL.COM-POSS.3SG.INAL as rock~DIM-PL-LAT</small>
 *See [[Sceptrian#Prepositions|prepositions]] for the effect of noun case.
+*Some derivations utilize both reduplication and affixing. For ''qot&lt;i&gt;~t'' an alternative gloss might be: rock&lt;DIM&gt;~NMZ
-''daremu soi slop&lt;a&gt;~p-u-os
+''darema soi slop&lt;a&gt;~p-u-os
-<small>Ruler on chair~AUG-LOC-POSS.3SG.ALIEN</small>
+<small>Ruler.AUG on chair~&lt;AUG&gt;-LOC-POSS.3SG.ALIEN</small>
+*Sceptrian has several ways of indicating [[Sceptrian#Possessive|possession]]
-''jak rajidhé mitup-u-r-p-óo
+''jak rajidh-é mitup-u-r-p-óo
-<small>away (ADVZ\)sudden-VOC sea-LOC-VBZ.FREQ-NMZ-LAT</small>
+<small>away sudden-VOC(.ADVZ) sea-LOC-VBZ.FREQ-NMZ-LAT</small>
+*Occurrence of [[Sceptrian#Apophony|apophony]] has certain rules
-''Pé,
+''Pé=ma saitu-sh q(ó)pa-pa sek-he
-<small>2Pl.VOC </small>
+<small>2PL.VOC=FOC DEM.PROX.ANIM-PL act-ABL come-GNO.2PL</small>
+*[[Sceptrian#Relative_clauses|On relative clauses]] of Sceptrian
+*Ablative case has a causal meaning as well
-''
+''jeva-a hifthila-n gat(o)ti-sh-h(e)i
-<small></small>
+<small>grace-ERG heaven-GEN accommodation-INS(.VBZ)-PST.PFV.2PL </small>
+*Agent prefixes may be omitted
+*Genitive forms don't agree with their heads
-''
+''mo-ŕ ól dora-h-pi-pi qóp-he
-<small></small>
+<small>1PL-GEN like law-COM(.VBZ)-GER-ABL act-GNO.2PL</small>
+*It is common for Sceptrian to [[Sceptrian#Derivational_Morphology|derive]] new nouns from verbs already derived from nouns
-''
+''mutsh-os tsla-r-mak-Ø jódi-sh b(a)shiit(i)s-ji
-<small></small>
+<small>neighbour-INS(.COM) INCEP.1PL-HORT-give-ANTIP charity-INS poor_one-DAT </small>
+*[[Sceptrian#Irrealis|Hortative]] in Sceptrian
+*[[Sceptrian#Voice|Antipassive]] is formed by turning the ERG agent into ABS, removing the subject/object verb suffix and changing the subject/object case into instrumental
 </poem>
-==Notes==
+==Extra==
+*From ''leh'', ''Léh-ko-d-é'' might be glossed as ADVZ\leg-LAT-VBZ.MVT\ADJZ-VOC, but the core was translated for simplicity :)
+*Same for ''b(a)shi-i-t(i)-s-ji'' gloss wealth-VOC-ADJZ.ABE-NMZ.AN-DAT from ''bashi''
+<!--Stress is not perfect, but at least it's got some kind of a rhyme!-->
-Sceptrian is a head-initial, ergative-absolutive language, i.e. the word order in clauses is VAO and the head of the noun phrase is followed by adjectives and demostratives. Both prepositions and postpositions are used, however.
+[[Category:Fourth Linguifex Relay]]