Oltic: Difference between revisions

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|fam2              = [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]]
|fam2              = [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]]
|familycolor      = Indo-European
|familycolor      = Indo-European
|ancestor        = [[Old Oltic]], [[Middle Oltic]]
|ancestor        = [[Old Oltic]]
|ancestor2        = [[Middle Oltic]]
|creator          = Dillon Hartwig
|creator          = Dillon Hartwig
|script1            = Grek
|script1            = Grek
Line 17: Line 18:
}}
}}


'''Oltic''' /ˈɔʊltɪk/ (<small>Oltic:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Λῦτικη, Литике [[IPA for Oltic|[lîtike]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken by the rivers Olt and Danube.
'''Oltic''' /ˈɔʊltɪk/ (<small>Oltic:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Λῦτικη, Литике [[IPA for Oltic|[lîtike]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken by the intersection of the rivers Olt and Danube.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
''Oltic'' is from the English name of the river Olt.
==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Oltic is written with the Greek and Cyrillic scripts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Hellenic orthography
! Α α !! Αι αι !! Β β !! Γ γ !! Γγ γγ !! Γλ γλ !! Γν γν !! Γρ γρ
|-
| /a/ || /ɛ/ || /v/ || /ɣ,j/ || /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ || /ʎ/ || /ɲ/ || /ʑ/
|-
! Γϝ γϝ !! Δ δ !! Ε ε !! Ει ει !! Ζ ζ !! Η η !! Θ θ !! Ι ι
|-
| /ᵑgʷ,ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ || /ð/ || /e/ || /e/ || /z/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /i,j,ɲ,∅/
|-
! Κ κ !! Γκ γκ !! Λ λ !! Μ μ !! Μβ μβ !! Μπ μπ !! Ν ν !! Νδ νδ
|-
| /k,t͡ɕ/ || /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ || /l,ʎ/ || /m/ || /ᵐb/ || /ᵐb/ || /n,ɲ/ || /ⁿd/
|-
! Ντ ντ !! Ξ ξ !! Ο ο !! Οι οι !! Ου ου !! Π π !! Ρ ρ !! Σ σ/ς
|-
| /ⁿd/ || /xs/ || /o̞/ || /i/ || /u/ || /p/ || /r,ʑ/ || /s/
|-
! Τ τ !! Υ υ !! Υι υι !! Φ φ !! Χ χ !! Ψ ψ !! Ω ω !! Ϝ ϝ
|-
| /t/ || /i,f,m,v/ || /i/ || /f/ || /x,ɕ/ || /fs/ || /o̞/ || /ɣʷ,ɥ/
|-
! ά !! ᾶ !! ὰ !! colspan=3 | !! Ϊ ϊ !! Ϋ ϋ
|-
| /á/ || /â/ || /ǎ/ || colspan=3 | || /i,j/ || /i,j/
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Cyrillic orthography
! А а !! Б б !! В в !! Г г !! Гв гв !! Д д !! Ђ ђ !! Ђв ђв !! Е е
|-
| /a/ || /ᵐb/ || /v/ || /ᵑg,ɣ/ || /ᵑgʷ,ɣʷ/ || /ⁿd,ð/ || /ⁿd͡ʑ/ || /ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ || /e/
|-
! Ж ж !! З з !! И и !! Ј ј !! Јв јв !! К к !! Л л !! Љ љ !! М м
|-
| /ʑ/ || /z/ || /i/ || /j/ || /ɥ/ || /k/ || /l/ || /ʎ/ || /m/
|-
! Н н !! Њ њ !! О о !! П п !! Р р !! С с !! Т т !! Ћ ћ !! У у
|-
| /n/ || /ɲ/ || /o̞/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /t͡ɕ/ || /u/
|-
! Ф ф !! Х х !! Ш ш !! Ѣ ѣ
|-
| /f/ || /x/ || /ɕ/ || /ɛ/
|}
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonants
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
|-
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]]
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|ᵐb]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|ⁿd]] || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal affricate|t͡ɕ]] || [[w:Voiced alveopalatal affricate|ⁿd͡ʑ]] ⁿd͡ʑʷ || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || [[w:Voiceg velar stop|ᵑg]] ᵑgʷ
|-
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]] [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal fricative|ɕ]] || [[w:Voiced alveopalatal fricative|ʑ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || [[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]] ɣʷ
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] [[w:Voiced labial–palatal approximant|ɥ]] [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]
|-
! [[w:Trill|Trill]]
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
|}
*/l/ is in free variation with [ɫ].
*/r/ is in free variation with [ɾ].
*Prenasalized consonants are plain phrase-initially and before consonants.
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowels
|-
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Mid back rounded vowel|o̞]]
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| colspan=2 | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]
|}
*/a/ is in free variation with [ɐ].
*/i,u/ may be devoiced or elided after voiceless consonants.
*/ɛ/ merges into /e/ after velar consonants.
===Pitch accent===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Tones
|-
! High !! Falling !! Rising
|-
| ˥ || ˥˩ || ˩˥
|}
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Stress is variable but in native words is initial.
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Oltic maximal syllables are CCCVCC
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
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==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
Oltic word order is flexible but predominantly SVO.
===Noun and verb phrases===
===Noun and verb phrases===
===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===

Latest revision as of 14:48, 26 August 2024

Oltic
Λῦτικη, Литике
Pronunciation[lîtike]
Created byDillon Hartwig
Date2021
SettingOlt County, Romania; Pleven Province, Bulgaria
Early forms
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Oltic /ˈɔʊltɪk/ (Oltic: Λῦτικη, Литике [lîtike]) is a Celtic language spoken by the intersection of the rivers Olt and Danube.

Etymology

Oltic is from the English name of the river Olt.

Orthography

Oltic is written with the Greek and Cyrillic scripts.

Hellenic orthography
Α α Αι αι Β β Γ γ Γγ γγ Γλ γλ Γν γν Γρ γρ
/a/ /ɛ/ /v/ /ɣ,j/ /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ /ʎ/ /ɲ/ /ʑ/
Γϝ γϝ Δ δ Ε ε Ει ει Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι
/ᵑgʷ,ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ /ð/ /e/ /e/ /z/ /ɛ/ /f/ /i,j,ɲ,∅/
Κ κ Γκ γκ Λ λ Μ μ Μβ μβ Μπ μπ Ν ν Νδ νδ
/k,t͡ɕ/ /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ /l,ʎ/ /m/ /ᵐb/ /ᵐb/ /n,ɲ/ /ⁿd/
Ντ ντ Ξ ξ Ο ο Οι οι Ου ου Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ/ς
/ⁿd/ /xs/ /o̞/ /i/ /u/ /p/ /r,ʑ/ /s/
Τ τ Υ υ Υι υι Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω Ϝ ϝ
/t/ /i,f,m,v/ /i/ /f/ /x,ɕ/ /fs/ /o̞/ /ɣʷ,ɥ/
ά ᾶ ὰ Ϊ ϊ Ϋ ϋ
/á/ /â/ /ǎ/ /i,j/ /i,j/
Cyrillic orthography
А а Б б В в Г г Гв гв Д д Ђ ђ Ђв ђв Е е
/a/ /ᵐb/ /v/ /ᵑg,ɣ/ /ᵑgʷ,ɣʷ/ /ⁿd,ð/ /ⁿd͡ʑ/ /ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ /e/
Ж ж З з И и Ј ј Јв јв К к Л л Љ љ М м
/ʑ/ /z/ /i/ /j/ /ɥ/ /k/ /l/ /ʎ/ /m/
Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у
/n/ /ɲ/ /o̞/ /p/ /r/ /s/ /t/ /t͡ɕ/ /u/
Ф ф Х х Ш ш Ѣ ѣ
/f/ /x/ /ɕ/ /ɛ/

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ɲ
Stop p ᵐb t ⁿd t͡ɕ ⁿd͡ʑ ⁿd͡ʑʷ k ᵑg ᵑgʷ
Fricative f v s ð z ɕ ʑ x ɣ ɣʷ
Approximant l j ɥ ʎ
Trill r
  • /l/ is in free variation with [ɫ].
  • /r/ is in free variation with [ɾ].
  • Prenasalized consonants are plain phrase-initially and before consonants.

Vowels

Vowels
Front Back
High i u
Close-mid e o̞
Open-mid ɛ
Low a
  • /a/ is in free variation with [ɐ].
  • /i,u/ may be devoiced or elided after voiceless consonants.
  • /ɛ/ merges into /e/ after velar consonants.

Pitch accent

Tones
High Falling Rising
˥ ˥˩ ˩˥

Prosody

Stress is variable but in native words is initial.

Phonotactics

Oltic maximal syllables are CCCVCC

Morphology

Nouns

Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Negation

Numerals

Syntax

Constituent order

Oltic word order is flexible but predominantly SVO.

Noun and verb phrases

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1

Linguifex-hosted translations

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations

Other resources

CALS

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