Cruckeny: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| (13 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = Cruckeny | |name = Cruckeny | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = Cruckenee | ||
|pronunciation = ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi | |pronunciation = ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi | ||
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Cruckeny | |pronunciation_key = IPA for Cruckeny | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Cruckeny''' /ˈkrʌkəni/ (<small>Cruckeny: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif"> | '''Cruckeny''' /ˈkrʌkəni/ (<small>Cruckeny: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Cruckenee [[IPA for Cruckeny|[ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken in central Appalachia. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! A a !! Aa aa !! Au au !! Ai ai !! B b !! By by !! C c !! Ch ch !! | ! A a !! Aa aa !! Au au !! Ai ai !! B b !! By by !! C c !! Ch ch !! Ky ky !! D d | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /æ/ || /aː/ || /æɒ/ || /eɪ/ || /b/ || /bʲ/ || /k/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /kʲ/ || /d/ | | /æ/ || /aː/ || /æɒ/ || /eɪ/ || /b/ || /bʲ/ || /k/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /kʲ/ || /d/ | ||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
! E e !! Ee ee !! Er er !! F f !! Fy fy !! G g !! Gh gh !! Gy gy !! H h !! I i | ! E e !! Ee ee !! Er er !! F f !! Fy fy !! G g !! Gh gh !! Gy gy !! H h !! I i | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /ɛ/ || /ɪi/ || /ɚ/ || /f/ || /fʲ/ || /g/ || /ɣ/ || /gʲ/ || /h/ || /ɪ/ | | /ɛ,ə/ || /ɪi/ || /ɚ/ || /f/ || /fʲ/ || /g/ || /ɣ/ || /gʲ/ || /h/ || /ɪ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! J j !! Kh kh !! Khy khy !! L l !! Ly ly !! M m !! My my !! N n !! Ny ny !! Ng ng | ! J j !! Kh kh !! Khy khy !! L l !! Ly ly !! M m !! My my !! N n !! Ny ny !! Ng ng | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
! R r !! S s !! Sh sh !! T t !! U u !! V v !! Vy vy !! W w !! Y y | ! R r !! S s !! Sh sh !! T t !! U u !! V v !! Vy vy !! W w !! Y y | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /ɻ/ || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /t/ || / | | /ɻ/ || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /t/ || /ʌ/ || /v/ || /vʲ/ || /w/ || /j/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
*⟨c⟩ is instead ⟨k⟩ before ⟨i,e⟩, or ⟨ck⟩ postvocalically. | |||
*⟨ky⟩ is instead ⟨cky⟩ postvocalically. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
| Line 56: | Line 59: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ||
| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || mʲ || [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || nʲ | | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || mʲ || [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || nʲ || [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] || ŋʲ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] | ! rowspan="2" | [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] | ||
| Line 79: | Line 82: | ||
*Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially. | *Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially. | ||
*/t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated. | */t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated. | ||
*/s,ʃ/ are realized as [z,ʒ] before voiced obstruents. | |||
*Epenthetic [h] is inserted before vowels phrase-initially. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
| Line 100: | Line 105: | ||
*/o,ɔ/ only occur before /ɻ/. | */o,ɔ/ only occur before /ɻ/. | ||
*/ʌ/ only occurs in stressed syllables. | |||
*/ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables. | |||
*/ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before /ɫ,lʲ/. | */ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before /ɫ,lʲ/. | ||
*/əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants. | */əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants. | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Cruckeny stress is | Cruckeny stress is variable, but in native words is predominantly initial. | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
| Line 118: | Line 125: | ||
===Noun and verb phrases=== | ===Noun and verb phrases=== | ||
Possessors and numerals precede their heads. Adjectives follow their heads. Adverbs follow their clause. | |||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
Latest revision as of 09:01, 26 September 2024
 | This article is a construction site. This project is currently undergoing significant construction and/or revamp. By all means, take a look around, thank you. |
| Cruckeny | |
|---|---|
| Cruckenee | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi] |
| Created by | Dillon Hartwig |
| Date | 2023 |
| Setting | West Virginia and Kentucky, United States |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | |
Cruckeny /ˈkrʌkəni/ (Cruckeny: Cruckenee [ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]) is a Celtic language spoken in central Appalachia.
Etymology
Cruckeny is from Crucunee, from Irish cnoc-theanga "hill speech."
Orthography
Cruckeny is rarely written and does not have a standard orthography, with most texts using ad hoc English-based orthographies. Linguifex documentation of Cruckeny uses the following:
| A a | Aa aa | Au au | Ai ai | B b | By by | C c | Ch ch | Ky ky | D d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /æ/ | /aː/ | /æɒ/ | /eɪ/ | /b/ | /bʲ/ | /k/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /kʲ/ | /d/ |
| E e | Ee ee | Er er | F f | Fy fy | G g | Gh gh | Gy gy | H h | I i |
| /ɛ,ə/ | /ɪi/ | /ɚ/ | /f/ | /fʲ/ | /g/ | /ɣ/ | /gʲ/ | /h/ | /ɪ/ |
| J j | Kh kh | Khy khy | L l | Ly ly | M m | My my | N n | Ny ny | Ng ng |
| /d͡ʒ/ | /x/ | /xʲ/ | /ɫ/ | /lʲ/ | /m/ | /mʲ/ | /n/ | /nʲ/ | /ŋ/ |
| Ngy ngy | O o | Oa oa | Oar oar | Oi oi | Oo oo | Ou ou | Our our | P p | Py py |
| /ŋʲ/ | /ɑ/ | /əᵿ/ | /oɻ/ | /oi/ | /ᵿʉ/ | /ɑɒ/ | /ɔɻ/ | /p/ | /pʲ/ |
| R r | S s | Sh sh | T t | U u | V v | Vy vy | W w | Y y | |
| /ɻ/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /t/ | /ʌ/ | /v/ | /vʲ/ | /w/ | /j/ |
- ⟨c⟩ is instead ⟨k⟩ before ⟨i,e⟩, or ⟨ck⟩ postvocalically.
- ⟨ky⟩ is instead ⟨cky⟩ postvocalically.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | plain | pal. | plain | pal. | |||
| Nasal | m | mʲ | n | nʲ | ŋ | ŋʲ | ||
| Stop | Voiceless | p | pʲ | t | t͡ʃ | k | kʲ | |
| Voiced | b | bʲ | d | d͡ʒ | g | gʲ | ||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f | fʲ | s | ʃ | x | xʲ | h |
| Voiced | v | vʲ | ɣ | |||||
| Approximant | w | ɻ ɫ | lʲ | j | ||||
- /v/ only occurs in loanwords, and is often replaced by /vʲ/ or /w/.
- Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially.
- /t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated.
- /s,ʃ/ are realized as [z,ʒ] before voiced obstruents.
- Epenthetic [h] is inserted before vowels phrase-initially.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | ɪ ɪi | ᵿʉ | |
| Close-mid | ə əᵿ ɚ | o oi | |
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛɪ | ʌ ɔ | |
| Low | æ æɒ | aː | ɑ ɑɒ |
- /o,ɔ/ only occur before /ɻ/.
- /ʌ/ only occurs in stressed syllables.
- /ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables.
- /ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before /ɫ,lʲ/.
- /əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants.
Prosody
Cruckeny stress is variable, but in native words is predominantly initial.
Morphology
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Negation
Numerals
Syntax
Constituent order
Cruckeny word order is strictly SVO outside of music, where VSO also occurs.
Noun and verb phrases
Possessors and numerals precede their heads. Adjectives follow their heads. Adverbs follow their clause.
Dependent clauses
Dependent clauses directly follow their head.