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** Hawaiian dialects
** Hawaiian dialects
| script1 = Latn
| script1 = Latn
| agency = OPKLC<br>(''unofficially'')
| agency = OPKLC
| minority = New Zealand<br>Hawai'i
| minority = New Zealand<br>Hawai'i
| notice = ipa
| notice = ipa
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===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! Bilabial/<br>Labial-velar !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
! colspan=2 | !! Bilabial/<br>Labial-velar !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
|-
! Plosive<ref>All plosives apart from /ʔ/ can be labialised.</ref>
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
| p || t || || k · g || ʔ
! pulmonic
| p || t || || k g || ʔ
|-
|-
! Nasal<ref>Only /m/ can be labialised in this case.</ref>
! labialised
| m || n || (ɲ) || colspan=2 |
| pʷ || tʷ || || kʷ gʷ ||
|-
|-
! Fricative
! colspan=2 | Nasal
| || s || colspan=3 |
| m || n || (ɲ) || ||
|-
|-
! Approximant/<br>Lateral Approximant
! colspan=2 | Fricative
| w || || ʎ || colspan=2 |
| || s || || ||
|-
! colspan=2 | (Lateral) Approximant
| w || || ʎ || ||
|}
|}
The glottal stop is represented by two glyphs: in initial position, the glyph ⟨t⟩ is used, where as in any other positions, the ⟨‘⟩(''ókina''), derived from Hawaiian orthography, is used.
The glottal stop is represented by two glyphs: in initial position, the glyph ⟨t⟩ is used, where as in any other positions, the ⟨‘⟩(''ókina''), derived from Hawaiian orthography, is used.
====Nasal palatalisation====
====Nasal palatalisation====
When /n/ is followed by /i/ or /a/, it palatalises and becomes [ɲ]. The only exception to this rule is ''‘na'', which is a particle that roughly translates to "as" or "in the same way". ''‘na'' is pronounced [na].
When /n/ is followed by /i/, it palatalises and becomes [ɲ].
 
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=3 | Short !! colspan=3 | Long
|-
|-
! Front !! Central !! Back !! Front !! Central !! Back
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
|-
! Close
! Close
| i || ɨ || u<ref>Substitution for /ɤ/ at the end of a syllable.</ref> || iː || ɨː ||
| i iː || ɨ ɨː || u
|-
|-
! Close-mid
! Close-mid
| colspan=2 | || ɤ · o || colspan=2 | || ɤː<ref>Elongated /uː/ does not exist, even at the end of syllables.</ref> · oː
| colspan=2 | || ɤ ɤː · o oː
|-
|-
! Open
! Open
| a || (ä)<ref>Substitution for /a/, mostly used by L2 speakers who are not familiar with native phonetics.</ref> || || aː || colspan=2 |
| || a aː
|}
|}
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Intonation====
====Intonation====
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===Nouns===
===Nouns===
====Collective nouns====
====Collective nouns====
<small>For a full list, see ''[[Kaikiwan/Collective nouns|§Collective nouns]]''.</small><br>
<small>For a full list, see ''[[Kaikiwan/Collective nouns|Nouns § Collective nouns]]''.</small><br>
In English, collective nouns are used to indicate mainly groups of animals, like "a ''murder'' of crows" or "a ''rafter'' of turkeys". In Kaikiwan, there are collective nouns for almost all non-abstract nouns, and different collective nouns are used based on the number of said noun.
In English, collective nouns are used to indicate mainly groups of animals, like "a ''murder'' of crows" or "a ''rafter'' of turkeys". In Kaikiwan, there are collective nouns for almost all non-abstract nouns, and different collective nouns are used based on the number of said noun.


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! rowspan=2 | Noun !! colspan=2 | Collective noun
! rowspan=2 | Noun !! colspan=2 | Collective noun
|- class=small
|- class=small
! 5+ !! 10+
! Quintuple !! Decuple<ref>Idk man</ref>
|-
|-
| ''tona''<br>"person" || ''iku''<br>"group" || ''mwéké''<br>"army"
| ''tona''<br>"person" || ''iku''<br>"group" || ''mwéké''<br>"army"
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| ''òpan''<br>"tree" || ''okámwe''<br>"grove" || ''sikiwa''<br>"forest"
| ''òpan''<br>"tree" || ''okámwe''<br>"grove" || ''sikiwa''<br>"forest"
|}
|}
===Determiners===
===Determiners===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
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===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
====Personal pronouns====
====Personal pronouns====
Kaikiwan has five personal pronouns, divided into two categories: inclusive and exclusive.
Kaikiwan has five personal pronouns, divided into two categories: singular and plural.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! Person !! Singular !! Plural
! Person !! Singular !! Plural
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|-
|-
! Conditional
! Conditional
| ''lak'' || ''laki'' || ''lāk'' || ''lāka‘l'' || ''ki‘lā'' || ''ki‘lāi''
| ''lak'' || ''laki'' || ''lāk'' || ''lāka‘i'' || ''ki‘lā'' || ''ki‘lāi''
|}
|}


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====Sentence phrase====
====Sentence phrase====
: ''Sáwa-na imol lampa ìn sa‘āk po-na sakani, igo tike po-na loda.''
: ''Sáwa-na imol lámpa-tó ìn sa‘āk po-na sakani, igo tike po-na loda-ō.''
: 2.{{sc|sg}}-{{sc|gen}} word lamp.{{sc|sg}} is.3.{{sc|sg}}.{{sc|prs}} for 1.{{sc|sg}}.{{sc|gen}} foot.{{sc|pl}}, light.{{sc|sg}} on 1.{{sc|sg}}.{{sc|gen}} path.{{sc|sg}}.
: 2.{{sc|sg}}-{{sc|gen}} word lamp.{{sc|sg}}-{{sc|abs}}.{{sc|ht}} is.3.{{sc|sg}}.{{sc|prs}} for 1.{{sc|sg}}.{{sc|gen}} foot.{{sc|pl}}, light.{{sc|sg}} on 1.{{sc|sg}}.{{sc|gen}} path.{{sc|sg}}-{{sc|dat}}.
: Your word is a lamp for my feet, a light on my path.
: Your word is a lamp for my feet, a light on my path.
:: ''(Psalm 119:105)''
:: ''(Psalm 119:105)''
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<small>''Based on the '''[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+6%3A9-13&version=KJ21 21st Century King James Version]'''.''</small>
<small>''Based on the '''[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+6%3A9-13&version=KJ21 21st Century King James Version]'''.''</small>
====In Kaikiwan====
====In Kaikiwan====
<small>'''9'''</small> ''Wá kelo-ō, itana sáwa-ō: tèo-na Pa‘pā<br>tona itani-ō ìn, sáwa-na nā‘ma ā‘itana.''<br><br>
<small>'''9'''</small> ''‘Na wá kwelo, i‘itana sákona: tèo-na Pa‘pā<br>tona itani-ō ìn, sáwa-na nā‘ma ā‘itana.''<br><br>
<small>'''10'''</small> ''Sáwa-na imuwiká wá ena‘a. I‘an<br>‘na itela-ō ‘na itani.''
<small>'''10'''</small> ''Sáwa-na imuwiká wá ena‘a. I‘an<br>‘na itela-ō ‘na itani.''
<br><br>
<br><br>
<small>'''11'''</small> ''Yaká wá ito tèo-ō tèo-na iki‘i pán.''<br><br>
<small>'''11'''</small> ''Yaká wá ito tèo-ō tèo-na iki‘i pán.''<br><br>
<small>'''12'''</small> ''Waka nati‘ka tèo-na isikiti, ‘na tèo nati‘ka tèo-na isikitonai.''<br><br>
<small>'''12'''</small> ''Waka nati‘ka tèo-na isikitwi, ‘na tèo nati‘ka tèo-na isikitwonai.''<br><br>
<small>'''13'''</small> ''Waka īpi imu‘kea tèo kùkù-tò, kài ni‘ipig-na kawéka tèo. Sa‘āk sáwa ìn imuwiká, waka kitik kao ka‘pá‘ā igini‘pò. Āmen.''
<small>'''13'''</small> ''Waka īpi imu‘kea tèo kùkù-tò, kài ni‘ipwigi-na kwéka tèo. Āmen.''
 
====In English====
====In English====
<small>'''9'''</small> ''In this way, you shall pray: Our Father<br>who is in Heaven, blessed be your name.''<br><br>
<small>'''9'''</small> ''In this way, you shall pray: Our Father<br>who is in Heaven, blessed be your name.''<br><br>
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<small>'''11'''</small> ''Give us this day our daily bread.''<br><br>
<small>'''11'''</small> ''Give us this day our daily bread.''<br><br>
<small>'''12'''</small> ''And forgive our debts, as we forgive our debtors.''<br><br>
<small>'''12'''</small> ''And forgive our debts, as we forgive our debtors.''<br><br>
<small>'''13'''</small> ''And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. For you is the Kingdom, and the power and the glory always. Amen.''
<small>'''13'''</small> ''And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.''
 
===Seventh Linguifex Relay===
: ''This language is participating in the '''[[Seventh Linguifex Relay#Seats|Seventh Linguifex Relay]]'''. As such, this section will be updated once the relay begins.''


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Kaikiwan"